| File:Reidemeister move 1.svg | File:Reidemeister move 2.svg | File:Reidemeister move 3.svg |
| Type I | Type II | Type III |
| File:Reidemeister move 1 prime.svg |
| Type I' |
In the mathematical area of knot theory, a Reidemeister move is any of three local moves on a link diagram. Template:Harvs and, independently, Template:Harvs, demonstrated that two knot diagrams belonging to the same knot, up to planar isotopy, can be related by a sequence of the three Reidemeister moves.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp
Each move operates on a small region of the diagram and is one of three types:Template:Sfnp Template:Ordered list
No other part of the diagram is involved in the picture of a move, and a planar isotopy may distort the picture. The numbering for the types of moves corresponds to how many strands are involved, e.g. a type II move operates on two strands of the diagram.
One important context in which the Reidemeister moves appear is in defining knot invariants.Template:Sfnp By demonstrating a property of a knot diagram which is not changed when we apply any of the Reidemeister moves, an invariant is defined. Many important invariants can be defined in this way, including the Jones polynomial.
The type I move is the only move that affects the writhe of the diagram. The type III move is the only one which does not change the crossing number of the diagram.Template:Sfnp
In applications such as the Kirby calculus, in which the desired equivalence class of knot diagrams is not a knot but a framed link, one must replace the type I move with a "modified type I" (type I') move composed of two type I moves of opposite sense. The type I' move affects neither the framing of the link nor the writhe of the overall knot diagram.Template:Sfnp
Template:Harvtxt showed that two knot diagrams for the same knot are related by using only type II and III moves if and only if they have the same writhe and winding number.Template:Sfnp Furthermore, combined work of Template:Harvtxt, Template:Harvtxt, and Template:Harvtxt shows that for every knot type there are a pair of knot diagrams so that every sequence of Reidemeister moves taking one to the other must use all three types of moves.Template:Sfnp Alexander Coward demonstrated that for link diagrams representing equivalent links, there is a sequence of moves ordered by type: first type I moves, then type II moves, type III, and then type II. The moves before the type III moves increase crossing number while those after decrease crossing number.
Template:Harvtxt proved the existence of an exponential tower upper bound (depending on crossing number) on the number of Reidemeister moves required to pass between two diagrams of the same link.Template:Sfnp In detail, let <math>n</math> be the sum of the crossing numbers of the two diagrams, then the upper bound is <math>2^{2^{2^{.^{.^n}}}}</math> where the height of the tower of <math>2</math>s (with a single <math>n</math> at the top) is <math>10^{1,000,000n}</math>.
Template:Harvtxt proved the existence of a polynomial upper bound (depending on crossing number) on the number of Reidemeister moves required to change a diagram of the unknot to the standard unknot. In detail, for any such diagram with <math>c</math> crossings, the upper bound is <math>(236 c)^{11}</math>.Template:Sfnp
Template:Harvtxt proved there is also an upper bound, depending on crossing number, on the number of Reidemeister moves required to split a link.Template:Sfnp
ReferencesEdit
Template:Sister project Template:Reference