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List of religions and spiritual traditions

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File:RELIGIONES.png
Religious symbols in clock-wise form from top: Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baháʼí Faith, Hinduism, Taoism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Slavic neopaganism, Celtic polytheism, Heathenism (Germanic paganism), Semitic neopaganism, Wicca, Kemetism (Egyptian paganism), Hellenism (Greek paganism), Italo-Roman neopaganism.

While the word religion is difficult to define and understand, one standard model of religion that is used in religious studies courses defines it as

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[a] system of symbols which acts to establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that the moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic.<ref>(Clifford Geertz, Religion as a Cultural System, 1973)</ref>{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

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Many religions have their own narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to explain the origin of life or the universe. They tend to derive morality, ethics, religious laws, or a preferred lifestyle from their ideas about the cosmos and human nature. According to some estimates, there are roughly 4,200 religions, churches, denominations, religious bodies, faith groups, tribes, cultures, movements, or ultimate concerns.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The word religion is sometimes used interchangeably with the words "faith" or "belief system", but religion differs from private belief in that it has a public aspect. Most religions have organized behaviours, including clerical hierarchies, a definition of what constitutes adherence or membership, congregations of laity, regular meetings or services for the purposes of veneration of a deity or for prayer, holy places (either natural or architectural) or religious texts. Certain religions also have a sacred language often used in liturgical services. The practice of a religion may also include sermons, commemoration of the activities of a God or gods, sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trance, rituals, liturgies, ceremonies, worship, initiations, funerals, marriages, meditation, invocation, mediumship, music, art, dance, public service, or other aspects of human culture. Religious beliefs have also been used to explain parapsychological phenomena such as out-of-body experiences, near-death experiences, and reincarnation, along with many other paranormal and supernatural experiences.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Some academics studying the subject have divided religions into three broad categories: world religions, a term which refers to transcultural, international faiths; Indigenous religions, which refers to smaller, culture-specific or nation-specific religious groups; and new religious movements, which refers to recently developed faiths.<ref>Harvey, Graham (2000). Indigenous Religions: A Companion. (Ed: Graham Harvey). London and New York: Cassell. Page 06.</ref> One modern academic theory of religion, social constructionism, says that religion is a modern concept that suggests all spiritual practice and worship follows a model similar to the Abrahamic religions as an orientation system that helps to interpret reality and define human beings,<ref>Vergote, Antoine, Religion, belief and unbelief: a psychological study, Leuven University Press, 1997, p. 89</ref> and thus believes that religion, as a concept, has been applied inappropriately to non-Western cultures that are not based upon such systems, or in which these systems are a substantially simpler construct.

Eastern religionsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Template:Div col Eastern religions are the religions which originated in East, South and Southeast Asia encompassing a diverse range of eastern and spiritual traditions.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

East Asian religionsEdit

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World religions that originated in East Asia, also known as Taoic religions; namely Taoism and Confucianism and religions and traditions descended from them.

Chinese philosophy schoolsEdit

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ConfucianismEdit

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TaoismEdit

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Syncretic Taoism

Indian religionsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The four world religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent, also known as Dharmic religions; namely Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism and religions and traditions descended from them.

BuddhismEdit

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Dharmic philosophy schoolsEdit

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HinduismEdit

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Syncretic Hinduism

JainismEdit

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  • Digambara
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SikhismEdit

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YogaEdit

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Abrahamic religionsEdit

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ChristianityEdit

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Syncretic

Other

IslamEdit

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Shia Islam{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also

Sufism{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also

Sunni Islam{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Syncretic

Other

JudaismEdit

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Kabbalah{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Non-Rabbinic Judaism

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Other AbrahamicEdit

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Iranian religionsEdit

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ManichaeismEdit

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YazdânismEdit

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ZoroastrianismEdit

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Indigenous (ethnic, folk) religionsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Religions that consist of the traditional customs and beliefs of particular ethnic groups, refined and expanded upon for thousands of years, often lacking formal doctrine. Some adherents do not consider their ways to be "religion", preferring other cultural terms. Many indigenous religions incorporate forms of Animism, Totemism and Shamanism alongside Nature, Ancestor and Animal Worship Template:Div col

AfricanEdit

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Traditional AfricanEdit

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Diasporic AfricanEdit

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AltaicEdit

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AmericanEdit

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AustroasiaticEdit

AustronesianEdit

CaucasianEdit

DravidianEdit

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Indo-EuropeanEdit

Koreanic and JaponicEdit

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Melanesian and AboriginalEdit

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NegritoEdit

PaleosiberianEdit

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Sino-TibetanEdit

Tai and MiaoEdit

UralicEdit

OtherEdit

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New religious movementsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}Template:See also Religions that cannot be classed as either world religions or traditional folk religions, and are usually recent in their inception. Non-cargo cults are generally excluded from this list, see list of cults for groups considered cults.Template:Sfn Template:Div col

Cargo cultsEdit

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New ethnic religionsEdit

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BlackEdit

Black Hebrew Israelites{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Rastafari{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

WhiteEdit

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Native AmericanEdit

World religion-derived new religionsEdit

Abrahamic-derivedEdit

Chinese salvationist religionsEdit

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Hindu reform movementsEdit

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Muist-derivedEdit

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Neo-BuddhismEdit

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Perennial and interfaithEdit

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ShinshukyoEdit

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Sikh-derivedEdit

Modern paganismEdit

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Ethnic neopaganismEdit

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Syncretic neopaganismEdit

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Goddess religions {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also

Entheogenic religionsEdit

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New Age MovementEdit

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New ThoughtEdit

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Nonsectarian TheismEdit

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Nontheism and AtheismEdit

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Parody religions and fiction-based religionsEdit

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UFO religionsEdit

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Western esotericismEdit

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Historical religionsEdit

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Prehistoric religionEdit

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Bronze AgeEdit

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Classical antiquityEdit

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Post-classical periodEdit

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Other categorisationsEdit

By demographicsEdit

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By areaEdit

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See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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SourcesEdit

External linksEdit

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