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Río Negro ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}, Black River) is a province of Argentina, located in northern Patagonia. Neighboring provinces are from the south clockwise Chubut, Neuquén, Mendoza, La Pampa and Buenos Aires. To the east lies the Atlantic Ocean.
Its capital is Viedma near the Atlantic outlet of the province's namesake river in the eastern extreme. The largest city is in the Andean foothills Bariloche in the far west. Other important cities include General Roca and Cipolletti.
HistoryEdit
Ferdinand Magellan was the first European explorer to visit the coasts of the provinces in 1520. Italian priest Nicolás Mascardi founded the Jesuit mission Nuestra Señora de Nahuel Huapi in 1670 at the shore of the Nahuel Huapi Lake, at the feet of the Andes range.
Originally part of the Argentine territory called Patagonia (in 1878 the Gobernación de la Patagonia<ref>Law Nº 954, of 11 October 1878</ref>), in 1884 it was organised into the Territorio Nacional del Río Negro and General Lorenzo Vintter was appointed as the territory's first governor. It was only in 1957,<ref>Law Nº 14,408 of 15 June 1955 authorized the creation of the province, but this was not accomplished until 1957.</ref> that Río Negro acquired status of a province; its first provincial governor was Edgardo Castello of the Radical Civic Union (UCR).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
GeographyEdit
Río Negro is one of the six provinces that make up Argentine Patagonia.<ref name=geography>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is bounded to the north by the Colorado River which separates it from La Pampa Province, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean and to the west by the Andes and the Limay River (serves as the natural border with Neuquén Province).<ref name=geography/> The 42nd parallel south marks the southern limit of the province.<ref name=geography/> With an area of Template:Convert, it is the 4th largest province by area.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ClimateEdit
Template:See also The climate of the province is temperate at low elevations, and very cold in the higher Andean peaks.
TemperatureEdit
The mean annual temperatures in the province are relatively cold for its latitude owing to the marine currents to the east and higher altitude to the west. Mean annual temperatures in the province can vary, depending on altitude and distance from the sea. The northern parts of the province are the warmest, with a mean annual temperature of more than Template:Convert while the coldest areas are found in the Cordillera where the mean annual temperatures are less than Template:Convert. At the highest peaks, the mean annual temperature is less than freezing. Summer temperatures can exceed Template:Convert although the mean January temperatures range from Template:Convert. In contrast, the Andean region has milder summers with mean January temperatures of Template:Convert or less, depending on the altitude. In July, mean temperatures range from Template:Convert on the coast in the north to around Template:Convert in the central plateau.<ref name = IRN>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Humidity and precipitationEdit
Relative humidity is lower in the central plateau where they average 50%.<ref name=IRN/> Along the coastal regions, humidity is higher with a mean annual humidity of 60% while the Andean region has the highest humidity with an average annual humidity exceeding 65% due to the lower temperatures there.<ref name=IRN/> In all locations, humidity is lower in the summer and higher in the winter owing to the higher temperatures in the summer.<ref name=IRN/>
The Andes block most of the moisture from the Pacific Ocean from coming in, causing it to release most of the precipitation on its western slopes and as such, most of the province is dry, with a mean annual precipitation around Template:Convert.<ref name=IRN/> Coastal areas and northern parts of the province receive a slightly higher precipitation, where it can average above Template:Convert a year.<ref name=IRN/> The Andean region receives the most precipitation with areas receiving a mean annual precipitation of Template:Convert in which the precipitation gradient is very strong and increases westwards.<ref name=IRN/> In some places, precipitation can exceed Template:Convert a year.<ref name=IRN/> Most of the Andean region has a rainfall pattern that is Mediterranean like, similar to Central Chile in which most of the precipitation falls during the winter months and summers are dry.<ref name=IRN/>
Wind and sunshineEdit
One dominant characteristic of the climate is the strong winds that are observed throughout the province.<ref name=IRN/> Summers tend to be windier than winters.<ref name=IRN/> Winds coming from the west, southwest and northwest are common, occurring 50% of the time (60% if calm winds are not included).<ref name=IRN/> There is some tendency for the winds to come from the east, particularly on the coastal regions when sea breezes from the east can occur when westerly winds are weak, which can be felt up to Template:Convert from the coast.<ref name=IRN/> The mean wind speed throughout the province varies with the northern parts having the lowest wind speeds while the highest altitude areas being the windiest.<ref name=IRN/> Except for the northern parts of the province, mean annual wind speeds exceed Template:Convert.<ref name=IRN/>
Cloud cover varies throughout the province, ranging from more than 60% in the Andean region to about 40% in the coastal areas.<ref name=IRN/> The central plateaus have intermediate amounts of cloud cover between these 2 regions.<ref name=IRN/> As such, the Andean region is cloudier than the rest of the province.<ref name=IRN/> Sunshine ranges from 10–11 hours of sunshine/day in January to about 5 hours of sunshine/day (less cloudier areas) to less than 3 hours of sunshine/day (more cloudier areas) in July.<ref name=IRN/>
DemographicsEdit
Template:Historical populations
According to the results from the Template:Census-ar, the province has a population of 638,645 with 316,774 males and 321,871 females.<ref name=pop/> It constitutes 1.6% of the total population in Argentina.<ref name=indectomoI>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp This represented a 15.5% increase in the population compared to Template:Census-ar which had 552,822 inhabitants.<ref name=pop/> Amongst of all the provinces in PatagoniaTemplate:Refn, it is the most populous, containing 30.4% of the total population in Patagonia.Template:Refn<ref name=pop1>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The province is home to four indigenous groups: The Tehuelches, the Puelches, the Pehuenches, and the Mapuches.<ref name=rnpueblos>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Almost all of the indigenous population in the province are the Mapuches with the rest being small in number where their few descendants live in the neighbouring provinces.<ref name=rnpueblos/> The Mapuches along with some of the Pehuenches originally lived in the western parts of the province although today, they mainly live in the southern parts of the province.<ref name=rnpueblos/> The Tehuelches were nomadic people that hunted on the steppes in the province.<ref name=rnpueblos/> The Puelches, being also nomadic, lived on the northern margins of Nahuel Huapi Lake and the surrounding forests in the Andean mountains, living off hunting and fishing.<ref name=rnpueblos/> It is estimated that Mapuches started coming to the region before 1880 from Chile, leading to the imposition of their culture onto the other indigenous groups.<ref name=rnpueblos/> Originally agricultural people, the Mapuches became nomadic upon arrival to the province due to the utilization of horses.<ref name=rnpueblos/>
The province received immigrants mostly from Chile, Italy, Switzerland, Spain, Germany and the United Kingdom during the last years of the 19th century and the first years of the 20th century.
GovernmentEdit
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The provincial government is divided into the usual three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoints the cabinet; the legislative; and the judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court. {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
As of December 2019, Arabela Carreras became governor of the province, following the retirement of Alberto Weretilneck due to term-limit. She is the first woman elected governor of the province.<ref name=perfil>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The Constitution of Río Negro Province forms the formal law of the province.
In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police but the additional work is carried out by the Río Negro Provincial Police.
Political divisionEdit
The province is divided into 13 departments:
Department (Capital)
- Adolfo Alsina Department (Viedma)
- Avellaneda Department (Choele Choel)
- Bariloche Department (San Carlos de Bariloche)
- Conesa Department (General Conesa)
- El Cuy Department (El Cuy)
- General Roca Department (General Roca)
- 9 de Julio Department (Sierra Colorada)
- Ñorquinco Department (Ñorquincó)
- Pichi Mahuida Department (Río Colorado)
- Pilcaniyeu Department (Pilcaniyeu)
- San Antonio Department (San Antonio Oeste)
- Valcheta Department (Valcheta)
- 25 de Mayo Department (Maquinchao)
Source for department names:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
EconomyEdit
Argentina's ninth-largest, Rio Negro's economy is a diversified service-based one with vigorous agricultural and light manufacturing sectors. Its 2006 output was an estimated US$5.420 billion, or a per capita income of US$9,805.<ref name=pbg>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2013, its output increased to $43.349 billion Pesos (about US$7.939 billion) at current market prices.<ref name=gdp>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=exchangerate>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
There is a gold mine located at Calcatreu, near Ingeniero Jacobacci, owned by Pan American Silver.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in December 2011 the provincial government repealed a law banning the use of cyanide in mineral processing, and the mine's owners regarded this as a positive development which is likely to bring increased investment.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
TourismEdit
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There are two main areas of tourism in the province; the Andes and the Atlantic coast.
- The Andean Area
The most visited area is that of the lake district near San Carlos de Bariloche inside the Nahuel Huapi National Park, and neighbouring Neuquén Province. This includes the Isla Victoria, Camino de los Siete Lagos, Los Arrayanes National Park, and many trekking paths among lakes.
- The Atlantic Coast
Returns of southern right whales are possibly the biggest of tourism attractions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They swim and rest very close to shore, and the San Matías Gulf is the only place in the world where swimming with this kind is commercially permitted.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
VillagesEdit
ReferencesEdit
NotesEdit
External linksEdit
- Template:Commons category-inline
- Template:Portal-inline
- Template:In lang—Official Río Negro Province website
- Pictures of Río Negro Province Template:Webarchive
Template:Departments Rio Negro {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} Template:Authority control