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Rudolfo Anaya

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox writer Rudolfo Anaya (October 30, 1937Template:SpndJune 28, 2020) was an American author. Noted for his 1972 novel Bless Me, Ultima, Anaya was considered one of the founders of the canon of contemporary Chicano and New Mexican literature.<ref>Cesar A. Gonzales-T., The Ritual and Myth of Experience in the Works of Rudolfo A. Anaya, published in A Sense of Place: Rudolfo A. Anaya: An Annotated Bio-Bibliography (2000).</ref><ref name="Garcia 2010">Template:Cite book</ref> The themes and cultural references of the novel, which were uncommon at the time of its publication, had a lasting impression on fellow Latino writers. It was subsequently adapted into a film and an opera.

Early life and educationEdit

Rudolfo Anaya was raised in Santa Rosa, New Mexico. His father, Martín Anaya, was a vaquero from a family of cattle workers and sheepherders. His mother, Rafaelita (Mares), was from a family composed of farmers from Puerto De Luna in the Pecos Valley of New Mexico.<ref name="Fernandez Olmos 1999">Fernandez Olmos, Margarite. "The Life of Rudolfo A. Anaya." Rudolfo A. Anaya: A Critical Companion. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 1999. ABC-CLIO eBook Collection. Web. February 20, 2013.</ref> Anaya grew up with two half-brothers, from his mother's previous marriage, and four sisters. The beauty of the desert flatlands of New Mexico, referenced as the llano in Anaya's writings, had a profound influence on his early childhood.<ref name="gale.cengage.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Anaya's family relocated from rural New Mexico to Albuquerque in 1952, when he was in the eighth grade.<ref>Con Davis-Undiano, Robert. "Author profile: Rudolfo A. Anaya." World Literature Today 79.3–4 (2005): 88. Academic OneFile. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.</ref> He attended Albuquerque High School, graduating in 1956.<ref name="gale.cengage.com"/> This experience later appeared as an autobiographical allusion in his novel Tortuga.<ref name="Fernandez Olmos 1999"/> When he was 16 he sustained a spinal cord injury which left him temporarily paralyzed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Following high school, he earned a B.A. in English and American Literature from the University of New Mexico in 1963. He went on to complete two master's degrees at the University of New Mexico, one in 1968 for English and another in 1972 for guidance and counseling.<ref name="Fernandez Olmos 1999"/> While earning his master's degrees, Anaya worked as a high school English teacher in the Albuquerque public schools from 1963 until 1968.<ref name="gale.cengage.com"/><ref name="google">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1966, he married Patricia Lawless, who continued to support his writing.<ref name="Fernandez Olmos 1999"/>

CareerEdit

He began writing his best-known work Bless Me, Ultima in 1963, with the manuscript completed and published by Quinto Sol in 1972.<ref name="Fernandez Olmos 1999" /> Initially, Anaya faced tremendous difficulty getting his work published by mainstream publishing houses because of its unique combination of English and Spanish language, as well as its Chicano-centric content.<ref name="Clark, William 2013">Clark, William. "Rudolfo Anaya: 'the Chicano worldview.'(Interview)." Publishers Weekly, June 5, 1995: 41+. Academic OneFile. Web. February 20, 2013.</ref> Independent publishing house Quinto Sol quickly published the book after awarding it the Premio Quinto Sol in 1971 for best novel written by a Chicano.<ref name="Fernandez Olmos 1999" /> The book went on to sell over 300,000 copies in 21 printings.<ref name="ReferenceA">Clark, William. "The mainstream discovers Rudolfo Anaya." Publishers Weekly, March 21, 1994: 24. Academic OneFile. Web. February 20, 2013.</ref> The themes and cultural references touched on in the novel were uncommon at the time of its publication. Consequently, it ended up having a lasting impact on a generation of Latino writers.<ref name=AP>Template:Cite news</ref>

Following the book's success, Anaya was invited to join the English faculty at the University of New Mexico in 1975, where he taught until his retirement in 1993.<ref name="Clark, William 2013" />

Anaya traveled extensively through both China in 1984, and South America following his retirement. His experiences in China are chronicled in his travel journal, A Chicano in China, published in 1986.<ref name="Fernandez Olmos 1999" /><ref name="gale.cengage.com" />

During the 1990s, Anaya found an even wider audience as mainstream publishing house Warner books signed him on for a six-book deal beginning with the novel Alburquerque. He subsequently created the Sonny Baca mystery series which included Zia Summer, Rio Grande Fall, Jalamanta: A Message from the Desert, and Shaman Winter. The Anaya Reader, a collection of his works, followed.<ref name="gale.cengage.com" /><ref name="ReferenceA" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Bless Me, Ultima was released as a feature film on February 22, 2013.<ref name="blessmeultima">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was subsequently adapted into an opera three years later.<ref name=Zavoral /> Anaya also published a number of books for children and young adults. His first children's book was The Farolitos of Christmas, published in 1995.<ref name="gale.cengage.com" />

Anaya's non-fiction work has appeared in many anthologies. In 2015, 52 of his collected essays exploring identity, literature, immigration, and politics were published as The Essays with Open Road Media.<ref name="The Essays" /> In summarizing his career, Anaya stated "What I’ve wanted to do is compose the Chicano worldview—the synthesis that shows our true mestizo identity—and clarify it for my community and for myself."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Anaya lived in Albuquerque, where each day he spent several hours writing.<ref name="gale.cengage.com" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He died at his home on June 28, 2020, at the age of 82.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He had been suffering from a long illness in the time leading up to his death.<ref name=AP />

BibliographyEdit

FictionEdit

Sonny Baca seriesEdit

The occult detective fiction series following the titular character Sonny Baca.

Books for childrenEdit

  • The Farolitos of Christmas: A New Mexico Christmas Story (1987), Template:ISBN
  • Maya's Children: The Story of La Llorona (1996), illustrated by Maria Baca, Template:ISBN
  • Farolitos for Abuelo (1998), illustrated by Edward Gonzalez, Template:ISBN
  • My Land Sings: Stories from the Rio Grande (1999), illustrated by Amy Córdova, Template:ISBN
  • Elegy on the Death of César Chávez (2000), illustrated by Gaspar Enriquez, Template:ISBN
  • Roadrunner's Dance (2000), illustrated by David Diaz, Template:ISBN
  • The Santero's Miracle: A Bilingual Story (2004), illustrated by Amy Córdova, Spanish translation by Enrique Lamadrid, Template:ISBN
  • The Curse of the ChupaCabra (2006), Template:ISBN
  • The First Tortilla (2007), illustrated by Amy Córdova, Spanish translation by Enrique Lamadrid, Template:ISBN
  • ChupaCabra and the Roswell UFO (2008), Template:ISBN

Non-fiction and anthologiesEdit

  • Voices from the Rio Grande: Selections from the First Rio Grande Writers Conference (1976)
  • Cuentos: Tales from the Hispanic Southwest (1980), with Jose Griego y Maestas, Template:ISBN
  • A Ceremony of Brotherhood, 1680–1980 (1981), edited with Simon J. Ortiz
  • Cuentos Chicanos: A Short Story Anthology (rev. ed. 1984), edited with Antonio Márquez, Template:ISBN
  • A Chicano in China (1986), Template:ISBN
  • Voces: An Anthology of Nuevo Mexicano Writers (1987, 1988), editor, Template:ISBN
  • Aztlán: Essays on the Chicano Homeland (1989), edited with Francisco A. Lomelí, Template:ISBN
  • Tierra: Contemporary Short Fiction of New Mexico (1989), editor, Template:ISBN
  • Flow of the River (2nd ed. 1992), Template:ISBN
  • Descansos: An Interrupted Journey (1995), with Denise Chávez and Juan Estevan Arellano, Template:ISBN
  • Muy Macho: Latino Men Confront Their Manhood, edited and introduction by Ray Gonzales, Template:ISBN
  • Chicano/a Studies: Writing into the Future (1998), edited with Robert Con Davis-Undiano

PoetryEdit

Published or performed playsEdit

  • The Season of La Llorona<ref name="Fernández Olmos">Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Ay, Compadre! (1994)<ref name="Fernández Olmos"/>
  • The Farolitos of Christmas (1987)<ref name="Fernández Olmos"/>
  • Matachines (1992)<ref name="Fernández Olmos"/>
  • Billy the Kid (1995)<ref name="Fernández Olmos"/>
  • Who Killed Don Jose? (1995)<ref name="Fernández Olmos"/>
  • Rosa Linda (2013)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • Bless Me, Ultima (2018)<ref name=Zavoral>Template:Cite news</ref>

Bibliographical ResourcesEdit

Musical adaptationsEdit

  • "La Llorona" (2002) an opera based on his play The Seasons of La Llorona. Libretto by Rudolfo Anaya. Composer, Daniel Steven Crafts Premiere 2008 National Hispanic Cultural Center
  • "Cancion al Rio Grande" (2007) an orchestral setting of his poem of the same name, written for inclusion into the work for tenor and orchestra, From a Distant Mesa composed by Daniel Steven Crafts. Premiere 2012, New Mexico Philharmonic.

Awards and honorsEdit

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  • Notable New Mexican 2007<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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