Ruigoord
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Ruigoord ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is a village in the Houtrak polder in North Holland, Netherlands, situated within the municipality of Amsterdam. Until the 1880s, it was an island in the IJ bay, which was turned into a polder. In the 1960s, the municipality planned to extend the Port of Amsterdam. From 1972 onwards squatters occupied buildings and started a free zone. After resisting eviction in 1997, the area was legalized in 2000. The village is nowadays partially closed in by the port, and lies about 8 km (5 miles) east of Haarlem.<ref name='ANWB'>ANWB Topografische Atlas Nederland, Topografische Dienst and ANWB, 2005.</ref>
Harbour projectEdit
In 1964, plans were drawn up by the municipality of Amsterdam to build the Template:Ill for the petrochemical industry.<ref name="museum">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The plan included the annexation of Template:Convert of land belonging to Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude, including the village of Ruigoord.<ref name="trans">Template:Cite news</ref> Amsterdam immediately set out to acquire real estate in and around Ruigoord, and started to prepare the farmland for construction.<ref name="museum"/>
In 1972, a group of artists squatted some abandoned houses.<ref name="Carlisi">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1973, Template:Ill became mayor of Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude, and wanted to put the annexation to a vote. The same evening, he received a call from Template:Ill, the Queen's Commissioner of North Holland who told him that annexation was a done deal and not open for discussion. A lengthy legal battle between Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude on the one hand, and Amsterdam and the Province of North Holland on the other hand commenced. For strategic reasons, the squatters were encouraged to settle in Ruigoord.<ref name="volk">Template:Cite news</ref>
1973 demolitionEdit
The village was scheduled to be demolished on 23 July 1973. On Sunday 22 July 1973, the local priest performed his last mass,<ref name="ons">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and handed the keys of the church to the squatters.<ref name="historiek">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The next day, the road to the village was barricaded, and the squatters led by Hans Plomp and Template:Ill successfully managed to stop the demolition crew. The 1973 oil crisis further complicated the Africa Harbour project.<ref name="historiek"/>
Ruigoord became a free zone and started to attract artists like Simon Vinkenoog. It also became known for its drugs.<ref name="ons"/> In 1984, Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude tried to change the village into a "green zone" where industry is not allowed, but the plans were blocked by the Province.<ref name="historiek"/> In November 1995, mayor IJsselmuiden accepted an offer to become mayor of Edam-Volendam. His main reason for resigning was the tiresome 22-year legal battle with Amsterdam.<ref name="volk"/>
AnnexationEdit
On 1 January 1997, Amsterdam annexed Ruigoord.<ref name="trans"/> The squatters decided to continue their fight against the harbour, and started the Groenoord plan to turn the village into an ecological zone.<ref name="ons"/> On 7 October 1997, 200 policemen of the Template:Ill, the Dutch riot squad, were sent into Ruigoord to remove the squatters.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The entire area, except for the village, was flattened and prepared for construction by the Port of Amsterdam. The legal battle advanced all the way to Court of Justice of the European Union.<ref name="ons"/>
In 2000, a compromise was reached. The village of Ruigoord was allowed to exist as an enclave within the harbour. Initially, Amsterdam did not want to allow residency in the village.<ref name="historiek"/>
Current situationEdit
Ruigoord exists as a squatted zone to this day, but it is now legalized. Full moon parties are regularly organised in the formerly Roman Catholic village church and every year there is the Landjuweel (Land Jewel) festival in August.<ref>Landjuweel 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2015</ref>
Since the early 2000s, the village has staged an annual poetry festival over the Whitsun weekend, Vurige tongen (Fiery Tongues). One of the festival's three days is always devoted to international poets. From 2003 on, a yearly Ruigoord Trophy has been awarded to individuals who have selflessly dedicated themselves to maintaining the village as an important cultural stronghold. The first such trophy was presented to Simon Vinkenoog. Three notable non-Dutch trophy holders are the late American poet and photographer Ira Cohen, the Canada-born writer Jordan Zinovich, and the Amsterdam-based American poet and writer Eddie Woods.
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
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