S. M. Krishna

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Somanahalli Mallaiah Krishna (1 May 1932 – 10 December 2024) was an Indian politician who served as Minister of External Affairs of India from 2009 to October 2012.<ref name="toi_resign">Template:Cite news</ref> He was the 10th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1999 to 2004 and the 19th Governor of Maharashtra from 2004 to 2008. S. M. Krishna served as the Speaker of the Karnataka Vidhana Soudha from December 1989 to January 1993. He was also a Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha member from 1971 to 2014. He is widely credited with putting Bengaluru on the world map by building the foundation for it to become the IT Hub that it is today during his tenure as Chief Minister.<ref name="e645">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2023, Krishna was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian award of India.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early life and educationEdit

S. M. Krishna was the son of S. C. Mallaiah, born on 1 May 1932<ref name="g192">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to a Vokkaliga family in a village named Somanahalli in the Maddur Taluk of Mandya district, Karnataka. He finished his High School in Sri Ramakrishna Vidyashala, Mysore.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He completed his Bachelor of Arts from Maharaja's College, Mysore. He obtained a law degree from University Law College, which was then known as Government Law College in Bangalore. Krishna studied in the United States, graduating with Masters of Laws degree from Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and The George Washington University Law School in Washington D.C, where he was a Fulbright Scholar.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Political careerEdit

File:S M Krishna with Obamas.jpg

Krishna (centre) with US President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama during a reception at the Metropolitan Museum in New York

Krishna was politically active as a student in the US. During the 1960 United States presidential election, he campaigned for John F. Kennedy in areas dominated by Indian Americans. After being elected President, Kennedy wrote to Krishna, in 1961, conveying his "warm appreciation of your efforts during the campaign."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Upon returning to India, Krishna worked as a professor of international law at Renukacharya Law College, Bangalore.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Krishna began his electoral political career in 1962 when he was elected to the Mysore Legislative Assembly from Maddur.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Krishna ran as an independent, defeating K. V. Shankar Gowda, the prominent politician from the Indian National Congress (INC) for whom Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru had campaigned.<ref name="DH pres">Template:Cite news</ref>

Krishna then joined the Praja Socialist Party (PSP) but lost to M. Manchegowda of the INC in the 1967 election. However, he was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1968 at the by-polls from Mandya, following the death of the sitting parliamentarian.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1968, Krishna was influential in reconciling members of the Indian National Congress and the PSP. He served three terms as an member of parliament from Mandya, starting from the 1968 by-poll as a PSP candidate.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His following terms were as a Congressman, winning elections in 1971 and 1980. Mandya remained a Congress stronghold, represented in Lok Sabha later by his political proteges such as Ambareesh and Divya Spandana (also known as Ramya). Krishna resigned from the Lok Sabha in 1972, and became a member of the Karnataka Legislative Council and was appointed a minister by Devaraj Urs.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

After he went back to Lok Sabha in 1980,<ref name="DH pres" /> Krishna served as a minister under Indira Gandhi between 1983–84. He lost his run for the Mandya Lok Sabha seat in the 1984 elections. He was reelected to the Karnataka legislative assembly in 1985. He served as Speaker of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly between 18 December 1989 and 20 January 1993.<ref name="Speaker">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He served as Deputy Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1993 to 1994.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Later, he became a member of the Rajya Sabha between April 1996 and 1999.<ref name="RS 96-99">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1999, as Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee president, he led his party to victory in the 1999 assembly polls and took over as Chief Minister of Karnataka, a post he held until being defeated in 2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly elections. He was also instrumental in creating power reforms with the ESCOMS and digitization of land records (BHOOMI) and many other citizen-friendly initiatives. He encouraged private-public participation and was a sponsor of the Bangalore Advance Task Force.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Krishna was appointed Governor of Maharashtra on 6 December 2004. Krishna resigned as Governor of Maharashtra on 5 March 2008.<ref name="Raj Bhavan Mh">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was reported that this was due to his intention to return to active politics in Karnataka.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> President Pratibha Patil accepted his resignation on 6 March.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Krishna entered the Rajya Sabha and subsequently took the oath of office as Union Cabinet Minister of External Affairs in the Council of Ministers under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 22 May 2009.<ref name="EAM">Template:Cite news</ref> In his tenure as the external affairs minister, he visited a number of countries including Tajikistan in 2012 to strengthen economic and energy ties.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Krishna resigned as External Affairs Minister on 26 October 2012 indicating a return to Karnataka state politics.<ref name="toi_resign"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Krishna resigned as a member of INC on 29 January 2017, stating that the party was in a "state of confusion" on whether it needed mass leaders or not. He also complained of having been sidelined by the party and that the party was "dependent on managers and not time-tested people like himself".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After speculation concerning his joining the Bharatiya Janata Party, he formally joined the party in March 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He announced his retirement from politics in January 2023, citing age-related issues.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Positions heldEdit

File:Asian Conference of Neurological Surgeons.jpg

Krishna (second from left) at the 6th Asian Congress of Neurological Surgeons, organised by the Hinduja Hospital, 2006

Duration	Position held	Template:Tooltip
1962–67	Elected to 3rd Mysore Legislative Assembly from Maddur.	<ref name="Detailed Profile Archive">{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1968–1970	Elected to 4th Lok Sabha as Socialist MP from Mandya after a by-poll when sitting MP died in 1967	<ref name="Detailed Profile Archive" />
1971–1972	Elected to 5th Lok Sabha, Congress candidate from Mandya	<ref name="Detailed Profile Archive" />
1972–1977	Member of Karnataka Legislative Council	<ref name="Detailed Profile Archive" />
1972–77	Minister for Commerce & Industries & Parliamentary Affairs, Government of Karnataka	<ref name="Detailed Profile Archive" />
1980–1984	Elected to 7th Lok Sabha from Mandya	<ref name="Detailed Profile Archive" />
29 January 1983 – 7 February 1984	Union Minister of State for Industry	<ref name="Council of ministers">Template:Cite book</ref>
7 February 1984 – 7 September 1984	Union Minister of State for Finance	<ref name="Council of ministers" />
7 September 1984 – 31 October 1984 and 4 November 1984 – 31 December 1984	Union Minister of State for Commerce	<ref name="Council of ministers" />
1989–1994	Member, 9th Karnataka Legislative Assembly	<ref name="Detailed Profile Archive" />
18 December 1989 – 20 January 1993	Speaker, Karnataka Legislative Assembly	<ref name="Speaker" />
1992 – 9 December 1994	Deputy Chief Minister of Karnataka	<ref name="Detailed Profile Archive" />
April 1996 – 1999	Member of Rajya Sabha	<ref name="RS 96-99" />
1999–2000	President of Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
October 1999 – 2004	Chief Minister of Karnataka (MLA from Maddur)	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
2004	Re-elected to Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Chamrajpet constituency
2004–2008	Governor of Maharashtra	<ref name="Raj Bhavan Mh" />
2008–2014	Member of Rajya Sabha from Karnataka	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
22 May 2009 – 26 October 2012	External Affairs Minister, Government of India	<ref name="EAM" />

Personal lifeEdit

Krishna was married to Prema. They had two daughters.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His daughter Malavika Krishna was married to the Late V. G. Siddhartha, a businessman and the founder of Cafe Coffee Day.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He had a younger brother, Shankar (died 2019), who was a member of the Karnataka Legislative Council.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

At the dusk of his political life, he released his biography, Smritivahini, in the presence of many dignitaries. He penned many interesting incidents, including Veerappan Kidnapping of Rajkumar during his tenure as the chief minister.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He also quoted that the former prime minister of India and national president of Janata Dal (Secular) H. D. Devegowda had strong plans of joining Indian National Congress twice during the period of National emergency.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Krishna died from a long illness at his residence in Bengaluru, on 10 December 2024, at the age of 92.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was cremated with state honours complete with gun salute at his ancestral village of Somanahalli in Maddur taluk of Mandya district on 11 December.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Karnataka Government announced a three day mourning period.<ref name="Deccan Herald">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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