SS Stephen Hopkins

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SS Stephen Hopkins was a United States Merchant Marine Liberty ship that served in World War II. She was the only US merchant vessel to sink a German surface combatant during the war.

She was built at the Permanente Metals Corporation (Kaiser) shipyards in Richmond, California. Her namesake was Stephen Hopkins, a Founding Father and signer of the Declaration of Independence from Rhode Island.<ref name="Sawyer">Sawyer, L. A. and Mitchell, W. H. The Liberty Ships: The History of the "Emergency" Type Cargo Ships Constructed in the United States During the Second World War, Second Edition, pp. 13, 141-2, Lloyd's of London Press Ltd., London, England, 1985. Template:ISBN.</ref> She was operated by Luckenbach Steamship Company under charter with the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration.

Action of 27 September 1942

She completed her first cargo run, but never made it home. On September 27, 1942, en route from Cape Town to Surinam, she encountered the heavily armed German commerce raider Template:Ship and her tender Template:MS. Because of fog, the ships were only Template:Convert apart when they sighted each other.<ref name="Sawyer" />

Ordered to stop, Stephen Hopkins refused to surrender, and Stier opened fire. Although greatly outgunned, the crew of Stephen Hopkins fought back, replacing the Armed Guard crew of the ship's lone 4-inch (102 mm) gun with volunteers as they fell. The fight was fierce and short, and by its end both ships were wrecks.<ref name="Sawyer" /> {{#invoke:Infobox military conflict|main}}

Stephen Hopkins sank at 10:00. Stier, too heavily damaged to continue her voyage, was scuttled by its crew less than two hours later. Most of the crew of Stephen Hopkins died, including Captain Paul Buck. The 15 survivors drifted on a lifeboat for a month before reaching shore in Brazil.<ref name="Sawyer" />

Captain Buck was posthumously awarded the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal for his actions.<ref name="USMM">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> So was US Merchant Marine Academy cadet Edwin Joseph O'Hara, who single-handedly fired the last shots from the ship's 4-inch gun.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Navy reservist Lt. (j.g.) Kenneth Martin Willett, commander of the Armed Guard detachment which manned the ship's 4-inch gun, was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Liberty ships Template:SS, Template:SS, and Template:SS, and the destroyer escort Template:USS were named in honor of crew members of Stephen Hopkins, and Template:SS in honor of the ship itself.Template:Citation needed

Recognition

• O'Hara Hall, the gymnasium facility at the United States Merchant Marine Academy, is named in honor of Midshipman O'Hara.<ref>usmmasports.com Stephen Hopkins</ref>
• Captain Paul Buck, master of SS Stephen Hopkins, was given the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal by The President of the United States. For determination to fight his ship and his perseverance in engaging the enemy to the utmost until his ship was rendered helpless. The award was given by Admiral Emory S. Land.<ref>usmm.org Heroes, Paul Buck</ref>
• George S. Cronk, Second Engineer on the ship, sailed his lifeboat 2,200 miles for 31 days to save his shipmates. He was given the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal by the President of the United States. The award was given by Admiral Emory S. Land.<ref>usmm.org Heroes, George S. Cronk</ref>
• SS Stephen Hopkins was awarded the Gallant Ship Award for outstanding courage against overpowering odds by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

• Action of 6 June 1942

References

• Template:Cite book

External links

• The Gallant Liberty Ship SS Stephen Hopkins Sinks a German Raider Template:Webarchive from American Merchant Marine at War – U.S. Maritime Service Veterans
• Gallant Ship Award Citation from U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration.
• Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia from Houghton Mifflin.
• Tribute to Paul Buck Template:Webarchive and an account of the battle.
• Website Template:Webarchive for Liberty Ship SS Jeremiah O'Brien
• Website for Liberty Ship SS John W. Brown
• The Gallantry of An “Ugly Duckling”: Outgunned by the Nazi raider, the Stephen Hopkins could have struck her colors. Instead she elected to fight, Robert L. Vargas, American Heritage Magazine, December 1969