Sam Brownback

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Born in Garnett, Kansas, Brownback grew up on a family farm in Parker, Kansas. He graduated from Kansas State University with a degree in agricultural economics in 1978 and received a J.D. from the University of Kansas in 1982. He worked as an attorney in Manhattan, Kansas, before being appointed Secretary of Agriculture of Kansas in 1986 by Democratic governor John W. Carlin. Brownback ran for Congress in 1994 and defeated Carlin in the general election in a landslide. He represented Kansas's 2nd congressional district for a single term before running in a 1996 special election for the U.S. Senate seat previously held by Bob Dole. He won the election and was reelected by large margins in 1998 and 2004. Brownback ran for president in 2008, but withdrew before the primaries began and endorsed eventual Republican nominee John McCain.<ref name="rasmussenreports1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Brownback declined to run for reelection in 2010, instead running for governor. He was elected governor of Kansas in 2010 and took office in January 2011. As governor, Brownback signed into law one of the largest income tax cuts in Kansas history, known as the Kansas experiment.<ref name="kansas.com">Template:Cite news</ref> The tax cuts caused state revenues to fall by hundreds of millions of dollars and created large budget shortfalls.<ref name=fivethirtyeight>Template:Cite news</ref> A major budget deficit led to cuts in areas including education and transportation.<ref name="ks_legis_approves_2017_06_06_cjonline_com">"Kansas Legislature approves budget deal, after lawmakers deliver blistering critiques of state finances," Template:Webarchive May 2, 2016, Topeka Capital-Journal</ref><ref name="ks_republicans_sour_2017_02_24_the_atlantic">"Kansas Republicans Sour on Their Tax-Cut Experiment" Template:Webarchive February 24, 2017, The Atlantic</ref> In a repudiation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, in 2013 Brownback turned down a $31.5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to set up a public health insurance exchange for Kansas.<ref name="Politico.Com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Also in 2013, he signed a bill that blocked tax breaks for abortion providers, banned sex-selection abortions, and declared that life begins at fertilization.<ref name="kansascity.com">Template:Cite news</ref> In the run-up to the 2014 gubernatorial election, over 100 former and current Kansas Republican officials criticized Brownback's leadership and endorsed his Democratic opponent, Paul Davis.<ref name="davis_secures_2014_07_15_wichita_eagle">"Paul Davis secures endorsement of more than 100 former and current Republican officials," Template:Webarchive July 15, 2014, Wichita Eagle</ref><ref name="some_in_kansas_2017_06_06_wsj_com">"Some in Kansas GOP Break With Gov. Brownback, Endorse Democratic Opponent," Template:Webarchive July 15, 2014, The Wall Street Journal</ref><ref name="nyt-experiment">Template:Cite news</ref> Despite this, Brownback was narrowly reelected.<ref name= closerace>Sam Brownback prevails over Paul Davis for second term as Kansas governor Template:Webarchive, Wichita Eagle, Byron Lowry & Suzanne Perez Tobias, November 4, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.</ref> In June 2017, the Kansas Legislature repealed Brownback's tax cuts, overrode Brownback's veto of the repeal, and enacted tax increases.<ref name="theatlantic_tax_experiment_dead_2017"/> Brownback left office as one of the least popular governors in the country.<ref name="auto">Template:Cite news</ref>

On July 26, 2017, the Trump administration announced that Brownback would be nominated as the new U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom.<ref name="NYTimesRelAmb07262017">Template:Cite news</ref> Brownback was confirmed in January 2018 in a party-line vote; Vice President Mike Pence cast the necessary tie-breaking votes to end a filibuster and to confirm his nomination.<ref name=pends>Template:Cite news</ref> Brownback resigned as governor of Kansas effective January 31, 2018,<ref name=resigning>Template:Cite news</ref> and was sworn in as U.S. Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom on February 1, 2018.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His ambassadorial tenure ended in January 2021.

Early life and educationEdit

Sam Brownback was born on September 12, 1956, in Garnett, Kansas, to Nancy (Cowden) and Glen Robert Brownback.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was raised in a farming family in Parker, Kansas. Some of Brownback's German-American ancestors settled in Kansas after leaving Pennsylvania following the Civil War.<ref name="Weekly">Template:Cite news</ref> Throughout his youth, Brownback was involved with the FFA (formerly the Future Farmers of America), serving as president of his local and state FFA chapters, and as national FFA vice president from 1976 to 1977.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

After graduating from Prairie View High School, Brownback attended Kansas State University,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> where was elected student body president and became a member of the Alpha Gamma Rho agricultural fraternity. After graduating from college in 1978 with a degree in Agricultural Economics in 1978,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> he spent about a year working as a radio broadcaster for the now-defunct KSAC farm department, hosting a weekly half-hour show.<ref name="Weekly"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Brownback received his J.D. from the University of Kansas in 1982.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early careerEdit

Brownback was an attorney in Manhattan, Kansas,<ref name="Weekly"/> before being appointed as Kansas Secretary of Agriculture by Governor John W. Carlin on September 18, 1986.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1990, he was accepted into the White House Fellow program and detailed to the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative from 1990 to 1991. Brownback returned to Kansas to resume his position as Secretary of Agriculture. He left his post on July 30, 1993.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994 and ran in the 1996 special election for the U.S. Senate seat recently vacated by Bob Dole.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

U.S. Senator (1996–2011)Edit

ElectionsEdit

Sheila Frahm was appointed to fill the seat of U.S. senator Bob Dole when Dole resigned in 1996 to campaign for president. Brownback defeated Frahm in the 1996 Republican primary and went on to win the general election against Democrat Jill Docking by 112,677 votes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2001, the Federal Election Commission assessed fines and penalties against Brownback's campaign committee and against his in-laws for improper 1996 campaign contributions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As a result of these improper contributions, the campaign was ordered to pay the government $19,000 and Brownback's in-laws, John and Ruth Stauffer, were ordered to pay a $9,000 civil penalty for improperly funneling contributions through Triad Management Services.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1998, Brownback was elected to a full six-year term, defeating Democrat Paul Feleciano by 244,921 votes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He won reelection in the 2004 Senate election defeating Democratic former lobbyist Lee Jones by 470,526 votes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Throughout his U.S. Senate career, his principal campaign donors were the Koch brothers of Wichita-based Koch Industries, who donated more to Brownback than to any other political candidate during this period.<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle">Lowry, Bryan, "Governor: Koch Industries has no undue influence in Kansas politics," Template:Webarchive December 14, 2014, Wichita Eagle October 5, 2017</ref><ref name="demos_highlight_2010_09_19_mclatchydc_com">Helling, Dave, and David Klepper, "Democrats highlight Brownback's ties to Koch brothers," Template:Webarchive September 19, 2010, Kansas City Star in McClatchy News Service Washington Bureau website, retrieved October 5, 2017</ref>

TenureEdit

File:Angelina Jolie Sam Brownback 2003.jpg

Senators Brownback and Feinstein in 2003, shown with Angelina Jolie, the Goodwill Ambassador for United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, call for bipartisan legislation to reform the treatment of unaccompanied alien minors.

Brownback was a member of the Judiciary Committee, the Appropriations Committee (where he chaired the Subcommittee on District of Columbia when the Republicans were in the majority), the Joint Economic Committee, and the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also known as the Helsinki Commission, which he at one time chaired. The Helsinki Commission monitors compliance with international agreements reached in cooperation with Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2000, Brownback and Congressman Chris Smith led the effort to enact the Trafficking Victims Protection Act.<ref>Library of Congress: Thomas. House Resolution 3244. Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 Template:Webarchive</ref> President Clinton signed the legislation in October 2000. According to Christianity Today, the stronger enforcement increased the number of U.S. federal trafficking cases eightfold in the five years after enactment.<ref>Alford, Deann. "Free at Last" Template:Webarchive, Christianity Today, February 21, 2007</ref>

By August 12, 2007, in the 110th Session of Congress, Brownback had missed 123 votes due to campaigning (39.7 percent)–surpassed only by Tim Johnson (D) of South Dakota who due to a critical illness had missed 100% of the votes of the 110th Session, and John McCain (R) of Arizona with 149 votes missed due to campaigning (48.1 percent).<ref>Washington Post."Missed Votes" Template:Webarchive, August 12, 2007</ref>

In 2006, Brownback blocked a confirmation vote on a George W. Bush federal appeals court nominee from Michigan, judge Janet T. Neff. He objected to her joining the bench solely because she attended a same-sex commitment ceremony in Massachusetts in 2002 that involved a next-door neighbor who was a close childhood friend of Neff's daughters. Brownback's action blocked confirmation votes on an entire slate of appointments that had been approved by a bipartisan group of senators.<ref>Senator Removes His Block on Federal Court Nominee Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, Neil A. Lewis, December 19, 2006. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</ref> In July 2007, Brownback lifted the block that had prevented the vote, and the Senate confirmed Neff by an 83–4 vote.<ref name=Neff /> Brownback was joined in opposition by just three other conservatives, then-Senators Jim Bunning, Jon Kyl, and Mel Martinez.<ref>110th Congress, roll call vote 240 Template:Webarchive, United States Senate, July 9, 2007. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</ref>

In the mid-1990s, Brownback hired Paul Ryan as his chief legislative director. Ryan later became a member of Congress, vice-presidential candidate, and Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives.<ref name="ks_gov_brownback_2017_01_29_charlotte_observer">Wise, Lindsay McClatchy News Service, and Scott Canon, Kansas City Star, in "The troubled 'Kansas experiment' goes to Washington," Template:Webarchive January 29, 2017, The Charlotte Observer, retrieved October 5, 2017.</ref>

CREW complaintsEdit

Template:Update section In 2009, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) filed an ethics complaint over a fundraising letter signed by Brownback for a conservative Catholic group which they alleged violated Senate rules by mimicking official Senate letterhead.<ref>CREW files Brownback complaint Template:Webarchive, Politico, Glenn Thrush, February 26, 2009. Retrieved December 23, 2017.</ref> The letter had targeted five senators for being both Catholic and pro-choice: Maria Cantwell, John Kerry, Robert Menendez, Barbara Mikulski, and Patty Murray.<ref name="hutch2009">A Washington group has filed a complaint with the U.S. Senate Ethics Committee against Kansas Sen. Sam Brownback Template:Webarchive, Hutchinson News, February 27, 2009. Retrieved December 23, 2017.</ref> A spokesman said Brownback had asked the group to stop sending the letter even before the complaint was filed.<ref name="hutch2009"/>

In 2010, CREW lodged an ethics complaint claiming a possible violation of the Senate's gifts rule by four senators and four congressmembers. The congressmembers lived in a $1.8 million Washington, D.C. townhouse<ref>Ethics Complaint Leveled at Right-Wing Congressional Members of Shadowy Christian Group Template:Webarchive, Alternet, Adele M. Stan, April 2, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2018.</ref> owned by C Street Center, Inc., which was in turn owned by Christian-advocacy group The Fellowship.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> CREW alleged that the property was being leased exclusively to congressional members, including Brownback, and that the tenants were paying rent that was below market value.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Senator Tom Coburn's spokesman asserted that the rents charged were fair.<ref name="weeklystandard1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CommitteesEdit

2008 presidential campaignEdit

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Template:Further

File:U.S. Senator from Kansas Sam Brownback officially opened his GOP presidential candidacy' Iowa campaign headquarters in West Des Moines, IA.jpg

Senator Brownback officially opening his Iowa campaign headquarters in West Des Moines, IA

On December 4, 2006, Brownback formed an exploratory committee, the first step toward a presidential candidacy.<ref name="favorite">"Favorite of religious right moves toward White House bid" Template:Webarchive by Associated Press. CNN, December 4, 2006.</ref> In reporting on his potential candidacy, CNN and The Washington Post called Brownback a "favorite" of the religious right;<ref name="favorite" /><ref name="auto1">Template:Cite news</ref> Rolling Stone called him "God's senator" in 2006.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> His views placed him in the socially conservative wing of the Republican Party, and he stressed his fiscal conservatism as well. "I am an economic, a fiscal, a social and a compassionate conservative", he said in December 2006.<ref name="auto1"/>

On January 20, 2007, in Topeka, Brownback announced that he was running for president in 2008.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On February 22, 2007, a poll conducted by Rasmussen Reports held that three percent of likely primary voters would support Brownback.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Senator Sam Brownback to David Shankbone on religion in America.ogg

Brownback discusses science and religion in American politics in October 2007, during his presidential run.<ref name="Faith-Based Initiative">Template:Cite news</ref>

On August 11, 2007, Brownback finished third in the Ames Straw Poll with 15.3% of all votes cast.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Fundraising and visits to his website declined dramatically after this event, as many supporters had predicted Brownback would do much better,<ref name="ks_loses_patience_cbs_news">"Kansas loses patience with Gov. Brownback's tax cuts," Template:Webarchive CBS News, retrieved November 11, 2016</ref> and speculation began that the candidate was considering withdrawing from the campaign. This sentiment increased after his lackluster performance in the GOP presidential debate of September 5, broadcast from New Hampshire by Fox News Channel.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He dropped out of the race on October 18, 2007, citing a lack of funds.<ref>[1] Template:Webarchive</ref> Brownback formally announced his decision on October 19.<ref name="withdrew">Republican Sam Brownback ends White House run Template:Webarchive Dallas Morning News October 19, 2007. Retrieved October 20, 2007.</ref> He later endorsed John McCain for president.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Governor of Kansas (2011–2018)Edit

File:Flickr - The U.S. Army - Medallion presentation.jpg

Brownback and 1st Infantry Division Commanding General present a medallion to a child whose father died serving in Iraq.

ElectionsEdit

2010 gubernatorial electionEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In 2008, Brownback acknowledged he was considering running for governor in 2010.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In January 2009, Brownback officially filed the paperwork to run for governor.<ref name=kc>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

His principal Senate-career campaign donors, the Koch brothers (and their Koch Industries), again backed Brownback's campaign.<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle" />

Polling agency Rasmussen Reports found that Brownback led his then-likely Democratic opponent, Tom Holland, by 31 points in May 2010.<ref name="rasmussenreports1"/><ref>Election 2010: Kansas Senate Template:Webarchive, Rasmussen Reports, March 3, 2010.</ref>

On June 1, 2010, Brownback named Kansas state senator Jeff Colyer as his running mate.<ref>"Brownback ticket gains surgeon as lieutenant" Template:Webarchive, Wichita Eagle, June 2, 2010.</ref>

On November 2, 2010, Brownback defeated Holland, by 260,594 votes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He succeeded Governor Mark Parkinson, who was sworn in after former governor Kathleen Sebelius resigned from her position and became U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services in 2009.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

2014 gubernatorial electionEdit

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In October 2013, Kansas state representative Paul Davis, the Democratic minority leader of the Kansas House of Representatives, announced he would challenge Brownback in the 2014 Kansas gubernatorial election.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In July 2014, more than 100 current and former Kansas Republican officials (including former state party chairmen, Kansas Senate presidents, Kansas House speakers, and majority leaders) endorsed Democrat Davis over Republican Brownback,<ref name="davis_secures_2014_07_15_wichita_eagle" /><ref name="some_in_kansas_2017_06_06_wsj_com" /> citing concern over Brownback's deep cuts in education and other government services, as well as the tax cuts that had left the state with a major deficit.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Tim Keck, chief of staff of Brownback's running mate, Lt. Governor Jeff Colyer, unearthed and publicized a 1998 police report showing that Davis, 26 and unmarried at the time, had been briefly detained during the raid of a strip club. Davis was found to have no involvement in the cause for the raid, and was quickly allowed to leave.<ref>Strip-club smear campaign orchestrated by Sam Brownback official, says Paul Davis Template:Webarchive, Wichita Eagle, Dion Lefler, September 20, 2014. Retrieved March 15, 2017.</ref> Responding to criticism of Keck's involvement in the campaign, Brownback spokesman John Milburn commented that it was legal to use taxpayer-paid staff to campaign. Media law experts expressed amazement when they learned that the Montgomery County's sheriff released non-public investigative files from 1998 in response to a mere request. Brownback's campaign capitalized on the 16-year-old incident.<ref>Sam Brownback's strip-club obsession: GOP governor basing his campaign on a lap dance: Sam Brownback's right-wing agenda hobbled Kansas, so his campaign is now focused on a meaningless 16-year-old story Template:Webarchive, Simon Maloy, September 26, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2017.</ref><ref>In strip-club case, typically closed records were released, GOP tipped off Template:Webarchive, Lawrence Journal-World, October 4, 2014. Retrieved March 15, 2017.</ref>

Brownback was reelected with a plurality, defeating Davis by 32,096 votes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name= closerace/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

TenureEdit

Brownback took office in January 2011, in the early years of national recovery from the Great Recession. Also in 2011, Republicans resumed control of the Kansas House of Representatives with their largest majority in half a century. Most Republicans in the Kansas Legislature were members of the Tea Party movement who shared Brownback's conservative views.<ref name="tea_party_tenets_2011_12_21_washpost">Gowen, Annie, " In Kansas, Gov. Sam Brownback puts tea party tenets into action with sharp cuts," Template:Webarchive December 21, 2011 The Washington Post retrieved October 6, 2017</ref>

Two of Brownback's major stated goals were to reduce taxes and to increase spending on education.<ref name=NYTM>Template:Cite news</ref>

By April 2012, Brownback had an approval rating of 34 percent according to a Survey USA Poll.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A Republican polling company found his approval rating to be 51 percent in May 2012.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In November 2015, Brownback had an approval rating of 26 percent according to a Morning Consult poll, the lowest among all governors in the United States.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Three separate polls between November 2015 and September 2016 ranked Brownback as the nation's least-popular governor<ref name="most_unpopular_2015_11_24_kc_biz_journ">"Most unpopular governor in America? Brownback wins in landslide," Template:Webarchive November 24, 2015, Kansas City Business Journal</ref><ref name="least_popular_2015_05_12_wichita_eagle">"Poll: Brownback remains least popular governor in the nation," Template:Webarchive May 12, 2016, Wichita Eagle</ref><ref name="new_poll_2016_09_20_cjonline_com">"New poll ranks Gov. Sam Brownback as nation's least popular governor," Template:Webarchive September 20, 2016, Topeka Capital-Journal</ref>—a September 2016 poll showing an approval rating of 23%.<ref name="brownback_might_not_2017_03_the_atlantic">Sam Brownback Might Not Be Governing Kansas Much Longer Template:Webarchive, The Atlantic (AP), Russell Berman, March 10, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.</ref><ref name="CarpenterTCJ09202016">New poll ranks Governor Sam Brownback as nation's least popular Template:Webarchive, Capital Journal, Tim Carpenter, September 20, 2016. Retrieved March 15, 2017.</ref> In the state elections of 2016—seen largely as a referendum on Brownback's policies and administration—Brownback's supporters in the legislature suffered major defeats.<ref name="conservative_lawmakers_ousted_2016_08_03_wsj">"Conservative Lawmakers Ousted in Kansas Primary Election: GOP races seen as referendum on Gov. Sam Brownback's tax-cut policy," Template:Webarchive August 3, 2016, The Wall Street Journal</ref><ref name="ks_republicans_sour_2017_02_24_the_atlantic" /><ref name="kansas_voters_rebuke_2016_11_12_wichita_eagle">Flentje, Ed, Prof. of Public Administration (Wichita State University), former Kansas secretary of administration to Republican governor Mike Hayden, "Kansas voters rebuke Brownback, tax plan," Template:Webarchive November 12, 2016, Wichita Eagle</ref> In 2017 after a protracted battle,<ref name="ks_republicans_sour_2017_02_24_the_atlantic" /> the new Kansas Legislature overrode Brownback's vetoes, voting to repeal his tax cuts and enact tax increases.<ref name="ks_lawmakers_override_2017_06_06_wichita_eagle">"Kansas lawmakers override Brownback veto of tax increases." Template:Webarchive June 6, 2017, Wichita Eagle</ref><ref name="senate_house_override_2017_06_06_cjonline_com">"Senate, House narrowly override Gov Sam Brownback's veto of $1.2 billion tax bill," Template:Webarchive June 6, 2017, Topeka Capital-Journal, (also at CJ's E-edition Template:Dead link)</ref><ref name="lawmakers_override_2017_06_06_kwch_tv">"Lawmakers override governor veto on tax bill." Template:Webarchive June 6, 2017, KWCH-TV Eyewitness News</ref><ref name="ks_econ_outlook_2017_06_11_cjonline_com">"Kansas' economic outlook shifting with reversal of Brownback tax policy," Template:Webarchive June 11, 2017, Topeka Capital-Journal</ref>

Brownback, who had a 66% disapproval rating after the repeal of his signature law,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> left office in 2018 as one of the least popular governors in the country.<ref name="auto"/>

The Kansas City Star was named a finalist in the Public Service category for a 2018 Pulitzer Prize due to its series entitled "Why so secret, Kansas?" The Star reported that Kansas's already-secretive state government had only grown worse under Brownback.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Legislative agendaEdit

Brownback proposed fundamental tax reform to encourage investment and generate wealth while creating new jobs. Consistent with those objectives, he also proposed structural reforms to the state's largest budget items, school finance,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Medicaid,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Kansas Public Employees Retirement System (KPERS), which have unfunded liabilities of $8.3 billion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Brownback sought to follow a "red state model", passing conservative social and economic policies.<ref name=NYT>Template:Cite news</ref>

TaxesEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} As governor, Brownback initiated what he called a "red-state experiment"—dramatic cuts in income tax rates intended to bring economic growth.<ref name=NPR>Template:Cite news</ref> In May 2012, Brownback signed into law one of the largest income tax cuts in Kansas' history<ref name="kansas.com"/>—the nation's largest state income tax cut (in percentage) since the 1990s.<ref name="kansas_tries_2014_04_17_bloomberg_bizweek">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Brownback described the tax cuts as a live experiment: Template:Cquote

The legislation was crafted with help from his Budget Director (former Koch brothers political consultant Steven Anderson);<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle" /><ref name="demos_highlight_2010_09_19_mclatchydc_com" /><ref name="budget_director_2013_09_06_ljworld_com" /><ref name="former_budget_dir_2013_09_07_ap_cjonline_com" /><ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" /> the Koch-sponsored American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC);<ref>Abouhalkah, Yael T, "Davis attacks, Brownback suffers as new tax-cut problem slams Kansas," Template:Webarchive June 30, 2014 Kansas City Star, retrieved October 6, 2017</ref> and Arthur Laffer, a popular supply-side economist and former economic adviser for President Ronald Reagan.<ref name="tea_party_tenets_2011_12_21_washpost" /><ref name="crash_and_burn_2017_06_07_forbes">"The Great Kansas Tax Cut Experiment Crashes And Burns," Template:Webarchive June 7, 2017, Forbes retrieved October 6, 2017</ref>

The law eliminated non-wage income taxes for the owners of 191,000 businesses, and cut individuals' income tax rates.<ref name=KAKE.signs/> The first phase of his cuts reduced the top Kansas income-tax rate from 6.45 percent down to 4.9 percent, and immediately eliminated income tax on business profits from partnerships and limited liability corporations passed through to individuals.<ref name="kansas_tries_2014_04_17_bloomberg_bizweek" /> The income tax cuts would provide Template:USD231 million in tax reductions in its first year, growing to Template:USD934 million after six years.<ref name=KAKE.signs/> A forecast from the Legislature's research staff indicated that a budget shortfall will emerge by 2014 and will grow to nearly Template:USD2.5 billion by July 2018.<ref name=KAKE.signs>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The cuts were based on model legislation published by the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).<ref name="ljworld"/><ref name="Pilkington"/>

In a May 2014 Wall Street Journal op-ed entitled "A Midwest Renaissance Rooted in the Reagan Formula", Brownback compared his tax policies with those of Ronald Reagan. Brownback anticipated a "prosperous future" for Kansas, Oklahoma and Missouri because they had enacted policies based on economic principles that Reagan laid out in 1964.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" />

The act was criticized by law professor Martin B. Dickinson of Kansas University for shifting the tax burden from wealthy Kansans to low- and moderate-income workers,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> with the top income tax rate dropping by 25%.<ref name=MPeters>Template:Cite news</ref> Under Brownback, Kansas also lowered the sales tax and eliminated a tax on small businesses.<ref name=MPeters/> The tax cuts helped contribute to Moody's downgrading of the state's bond rating in 2014.<ref name=SKraske>Template:Cite news</ref> They also contributed to the S&P Ratings' credit downgrade from AA+ to AA in August 2014 due to a budget that analysts described as structurally unbalanced.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As of June 2014, the state had fallen far short of projected tax collections, receiving $369 million instead of the planned-for $651 million.<ref name="Josh Barro">Template:Cite news</ref>

The tax cuts and their effect on the economy of Kansas received considerable criticism in the media. Critics of the tax cuts included Michael Hiltzik of the Los Angeles Times, the editorial board of The Washington Post, The New Republic, and Bloomberg Businessweek.<ref name="kansas_tries_2014_04_17_bloomberg_bizweek" /> The New York Times described Brownback's policies as "too far to the right".<ref name="Josh Barro"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Grover Norquist of Americans for Tax Reform defended the tax cuts as a model for the nation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In February 2017, a bi-partisan coalition presented a bill that would repeal most of Brownback's tax overhaul to make up for the budget shortfall.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Senate passed SB 30 (38–0, with 2 not voting) on February 2, 2017.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The House passed SB 30 as amended (123–2) on February 22, 2017.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Conference Committee Report was adopted by both the House (69–52) and Senate (26–14) on June 5, 2017. On June 6, 2017, the bill was sent to Brownback for signature, but he vetoed the bill. Later in the day both the House and Senate voted to override the veto.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Senate Bill 30 repealed most of the tax cuts which had taken effect in January 2013.

Brownback's tax overhaul was described in a June 2017 article in The Atlantic as the United States' "most aggressive experiment in conservative economic policy".<ref name="theatlantic_tax_experiment_dead_2017">Template:Cite news</ref> The drastic tax cuts had "threatened the viability of schools and infrastructure" in Kansas.<ref name="theatlantic_tax_experiment_dead_2017"/>

Template:Cquote

EducationEdit

In April 2014, Brownback signed a controversial school finance bill that eliminated mandatory due process hearings, which were previously required to fire experienced teachers. According to the Kansas City Star: Template:Cquote The resulting cuts in funding caused districts to shut down the school year early.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

EconomyEdit

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, during the period from 2008 to 2018 (Brownback was governor from 2011 to 2018), Kansas averaged an annual GDP growth rate of 0.9% -- exactly half the national average.<ref name="kc_economy_2019_11_12_kcstar">"After lagging since recession- is KC's economy heating up," Kansas City Star, retrieved August 28, 2023</ref> During that same period — when national employment increased and wages rose — job growth in Wichita (Kansas' largest city, and hometown of Brownback's principal funders, the Koch family) dropped 3.2%, and the city's average annual wages stagnated.<ref name="two_cities_latimes">Brown, Corie: "A tale of 2 cities in the Midwest," July 1, 2020, Los Angeles Times; part of a 5-part series, "How billionaires Koch and Buffett shape Wichita and Omaha," retrieved August 28, 2023</ref>

In 2015, the job growth rate in Kansas was 0.8 percent, among the lowest rate in America with only "10,900 total nonfarm jobs" added that year.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="kansascity_2015">Template:Citation</ref> Kansas had a $350 million budget shortfall in February 2017.<ref name="WP_2017_revolt">Template:Citation</ref> In February 2017, S&P downgraded Kansas' credit rating to AA−.<ref name="NYT_S&P_ratings_2017">Template:Citation</ref>

Despite Kansas' major role in the aerospace,<ref name="brookings">Muro, Mark and Bruce Katz: "The New 'Cluster Moment': How Regional Innovation Clusters Can Foster the Next Economy," September 2010, Metropolitan Policy Program, Brookings Institution, retrieved August 28, 2023</ref><ref name="clusters_wichita_hbs_edu">Porter, Michael (Harvard University): Clusters of Innovation Initiative: Wichita, circa 2012 (undated), Council on Competitiveness, retrieved August 28, 2023</ref><ref name="aerospace_engineers_bls_gov">"Geographic profile for Aerospace Engineers," in "17-2011 Aerospace Engineers," "Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2022," Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, retrieved August 28, 2023</ref> telecommunications<ref name="top10telecom_2017_mbaskool">"Top 10 Telecom Companies in USA 2017,", MBASkool.com, retrieved August 28, 2023; (includes Kansas-headquartered Sprint, and largely-Kansas-based CenturyLink)</ref><ref name="fred_kc_stlouisfed_org">"All Employees: Information: Telecommunications in Kansas City, KS," July 2023, FRED Economic Data, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, retrieved August 28, 2023</ref> and GPS technology<ref name="gps_report_grandviewresearch">"Report Overview," Report ID: GVR-2-68038-473-4, Global Positioning Systems Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Deployment, By Application (Aviation, Marine, Surveying, Location-Based Services, Road), And Segment Forecasts, 2018 - 2025, Grand View Research, retrieved August 28, 2023 (which cites Kansas-based Garmin, Ltd. among the industry leaders)</ref> industries,<ref name="overview_2018_kansascommerce">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> a 2019 report from the KC Tech Council reported that Kansas growth in tech jobs ranked next-to-last in the nation — losing 220 tech jobs between 2017 and 2018 (Brownback's final year as governor), according to the Computing Technology Industry Association — while over 40 other states grew tech employment.<ref name="kc_economy_2019_11_12_kcstar" /> Despite slowing the rates of decline following the Great Recession, 59% of telecommunications jobs in the Kansas City telecommunications industry<ref name="fred_kc_stlouisfed_org" /> — and 600 jobs in Wichita's (aerospace-dominated<ref name="brookings" /><ref name="clusters_wichita_hbs_edu" />) manufacturing industry<ref name="fred_wichita_mfg_stlouisfed_org">"All Employees: Manufacturing in Wichita, KS (MSA)," (WICH620MFG), July 2023, FRED Economic Data, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, retrieved August 28, 2023</ref> — were lost during the Brownback administration.

By the last year of the Brownback administration, 2018, Kansas had the second-highest farm-bankruptcy rate increase in the nation (after New York) — a decade-high rate for the state.<ref name="farm_bankruptcies_2018_fb_org">"Farm Bankruptcies in 2018 – The Truth is Out There," February 12, 2019, Farm Bureau Federation, retrieved August 29, 2023</ref>

Health careEdit

In August 2011, over the objections of Republican Kansas Insurance Commissioner Sandy Praeger,<ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" /> Brownback announced he was declining a $31.5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to set up an insurance exchange as part of the federal health care reform law.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In May 2011, Brownback had directed the state's insurance commissioner to slow the implementation timeline for the exchange development. Upon announcing the refusal of the budgeted grant money for the state, his office stated: Template:Cquote The move was unanimously supported by the delegates of the state party central committee at its August 2011 meeting, but a New York Times editorial criticized Brownback for turning down the grant which could have helped ease the state's own budget: Template:Cquote

Brownback also signed into law the Health Care Freedom Act, based on model legislation published by the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).<ref name=ljworld>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Pilkington">Template:Cite news</ref>

AbortionEdit

File:Sam Brownback by Gage Skidmore.jpg

Sam Brownback speaking at the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland on February 27, 2015

Brownback signed three anti-abortion bills in 2011. In April 2011, he signed a bill banning abortion after 21 weeks, and a bill requiring that a doctor get a parent's notarized signature before providing an abortion to a minor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In May 2011, Brownback approved a bill prohibiting insurance companies from offering abortion coverage as part of general health plans unless the procedure is necessary to save a woman's life. The law also prohibits any health-insurance exchange in Kansas established under the federal Affordable Care Act from offering coverage for abortions other than to save a woman's life.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

A Kansas budget passed with Brownback's approval in 2011 blocked Planned Parenthood of Kansas and Mid-Missouri from receiving family planning funds from the state. The funding amounted to about $330,000 a year.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A judge has blocked the budget provision, ordered Kansas to begin funding the organization again, and agreed with Planned Parenthood that it was being unfairly targeted.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In response, the state filed an appeal seeking to overturn the judge's decision.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Brownback has defended anti-abortion laws in Kansas, including the Planned Parenthood defunding. "You can't know for sure what all comes out of that afterwards, but it was the will of the Legislature and the people of the state of Kansas", Brownback said.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In May 2012, Brownback signed the Health Care Rights of Conscience Act, which "will allow pharmacists to refuse to provide drugs they believe might cause an abortion".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In April 2013, Brownback signed a bill that blocked tax breaks for abortion providers, banned sex-selection abortions and declared that life begins at fertilization. The law notes that any rights conferred by it are subject to limits set forth in applicable U.S. Supreme Court decisions.<ref name="kansascity.com"/>

On April 7, 2015, Brownback signed The Unborn Child Protection From Dismemberment Abortion Act, which bans the most common technique used for second-trimester abortions. Kansas became the first state to ban the procedure.<ref>Senate bill no: 95 Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Prayer rallyEdit

Brownback attended Texas governor Rick Perry's prayer event in August 2011. Aside from Gov. Perry himself, Brownback was the only U.S. governor who attended.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> About 22,000 people attended the rally, and Brownback and Perry were the only elected officials to speak.<ref>Prayer event draws crowd, controversy & Governor Brownback Template:Webarchive</ref> Brownback's participation in the rally resulted in some controversy, and editorials published in The Winfield Daily Courier and The Kansas City Star expressed disappointment.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news Template:Dead link</ref>

U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious FreedomEdit

File:Ambassador Brownback Making a Speech (29741543778) (cropped).jpg

Brownback speaks at the Holocaust Museum in 2018

File:Ambassador Brownback Delivers Remarks on the 2018 International Religious Freedom Annual Report (48104737012).jpg

Brownback speaks at the State Department in 2019

Nomination and confirmationEdit

In March 2017, it was reported that Brownback was being considered by President Donald Trump to be appointed either as his U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. for Food and Agriculture in Rome,<ref>Lowry, Byron. Sources: Brownback in talks with Trump administration about an ambassadorship Template:Webarchive, Kansas City Star, March 8, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2017.</ref> or as the U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom in Washington, DC.<ref>Lowry, Byron. Will Trump pick Brownback for religious freedom role? Template:Webarchive, Kansas City Star, May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2017.</ref> On July 26, 2017, the White House issued a statement that Brownback would be nominated as the new U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom.<ref name="NYTimesRelAmb07262017"/> As a senator in 1998, Brownback sponsored the legislation that first created the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF).<ref name=pends />

Due to his positions and actions on Islam and LGBT issues, Brownback's nomination was criticized by figures such as Rabbi Moti Rieber, the executive director of Kansas Interfaith Action,<ref name=become/> Robert McCaw, director of government affairs for the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR),<ref name="newsweek">Islam and America: Trump's religious freedom ambassador should be 'disqualified' says biggest Muslim group Template:Webarchive, Newsweek, Conor Gaffey, July 28, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017.</ref> as well as the American Civil Liberties Union.<ref name=ACLU>5 faith facts about Sam Brownback: Political champion of religious freedom Template:Webarchive, St. Louis Post-Dispatch Religion News Service, Adelle Banks, July 29, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</ref>

As of the end of the 2017 session, Brownback's Ambassadorial nomination had not come up for a confirmation vote. As it failed to receive unanimous support for it to carry over to 2018 for approval, it required renomination to come to a vote.<ref>Brownback's nomination for ambassador post not carried over, will return to White House Template:Webarchive, Lawrence Journal World (AP) December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 27, 2017.</ref> He was renominated on January 8, 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On January 24, 2018, the Senate voted along party lines, 49–49, with two Republicans absent, to advance his nomination to the floor, with Vice President Mike Pence casting the tie-breaking vote to end the Democrats' filibuster. With the Senate again locked at 49–49 later that day, Pence again cast the tie-breaking vote, confirming the nomination.<ref name="pends"/> On January 25, Brownback submitted his resignation as governor. Brownback's resignation was effective January 31, 2018, on which date Lieutenant Governor Jeff Colyer was sworn in as governor.<ref name="resigning"/><ref>Brownback sets time and date when he'll hand off Kansas to Johnson County's Colyer Template:Webarchive, Kansas City Star, Brian Lowry, January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref>

TenureEdit

Brownback was sworn in on February 1, 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He became the first Catholic to serve in the role.<ref name=become>Brownback's faith plays key role in his politics Template:Webarchive, Wichita Eagle, Katherine Burgess and Jonathan Shorman, July 28, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:President Trump Meets with Survivors of Religious Persecution.webm

Ambassador Brownback with President Donald Trump and several 'survivors of religious persecution' including Nadia Murad on July 17, 2019

In July 2018, Brownback reportedly lobbied the UK government over the treatment of far-right British activist Tommy Robinson.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Arizona Republican representative Paul Gosar and five other congressmen invited Robinson to speak to United States Congress on November 14, 2018, on a trip sponsored by the U.S.-based, Middle East Forum. He was expected to get visa approval by the State Department despite his criminal convictions and use of fraudulent passports to enter and depart the U.S.<ref>Tommy Robinson invited to address US Congress members in Washington by Republican supporters Template:Webarchive, The Independent, Lizzie Dearden, October 25, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2018.</ref>

Brownback's tenure as ambassador ended on January 20, 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

IssuesEdit

Brownback promoted religious freedom as a means of promoting individual and economic flourishing and reducing terrorism and other types of religion-related violence.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Brownback repeatedly condemned China's record on religious freedom, saying, "China is at war with faith. It is a war they will not win".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He highlighted China's persecution of Uyghurs, Tibetan Buddhists, Falun Gong practitioners, and Chinese Christians.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In remarks made at the United Nations, Brownback strongly condemned the Xinjiang internment camps where more than one million Uyghurs are reported to have been detained.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On July 13, 2020, Brownback, along with three other U.S. politicians, was sanctioned by the Chinese government for "interfering in China’s internal affairs" through their condemnation of human rights abuses in Xinjiang.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In his first trip as Ambassador, Brownback traveled to Bangladesh to meet with Rohingya refugees from Myanmar at the Kutupalong refugee camp near Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Brownback stated that the accounts of violence he heard were as bad as anything he had ever seen, including in his visits to Darfur, Sudan in 2004.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Following the trip, the State Department highlighted Myanmar's intensification of violence against its ethnic minorities.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the 2017 International Religious Freedom Report, the State Department described the violence against the Rohingya that forced an estimated 688,000 people to flee Myanmar as "ethnic cleansing."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

At the 2020 Ministerial to Advance Freedom of Religion or Belief in Poland, Brownback spoke about COVID-19's effect on freedom of religion.<ref name="poland_ministerial">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

PositionsEdit

AbortionEdit

Brownback opposes abortion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was personally anti-abortion though politically pro-choice during his early career.<ref>"Politics Attracted Brownback Early," Kansas City Star, October 27, 1996.</ref> In 2007, Brownback said that he saw abortion "as the lead moral issue of our day, just like slavery was the lead moral issue 150 years ago."<ref>Pulliam, Sarah. "Q&A: Sam Brownback" Template:Webarchive, Christianity Today, October 18, 2007.</ref> On May 3, 2007, when asked his opinion of repealing Roe v. Wade, Brownback said, "It would be a glorious day of human liberty and freedom."<ref>"California Republican debate transcript", NBC News, May 3, 2007.</ref>

In 2007, Brownback said he "could support a pro-choice nominee" to the presidency because "this is a big coalition party."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ArtsEdit

In May 2011, Brownback eliminated by executive order and then vetoed government funding for the Kansas Arts Commission in response to state defiance of his executive order, making Kansas the first state to de-fund its arts commission.<ref name="latimesblogs.latimes.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The National Endowment for the Arts informed Kansas that without a viable state arts agency, it would not receive a planned $700,000 federal grant.<ref name=foundation>Template:Cite news</ref> Brownback has said he believes private donations should fund arts and culture in the state. He created the Kansas Arts Foundation, an organization dedicated to private fundraising to make up the gap created by state budget cuts.<ref name=foundation/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Capital punishmentEdit

Brownback said in an interview: "I am not a supporter of a death penalty, other than in cases where we cannot protect the society and have other lives at stake."<ref name=DS>Interview with Senator Sam Brownback, David Shankbone, Wikinews, October 11, 2007.</ref> In a speech on the Senate Judiciary Committee, he questioned the current use of the death penalty as potentially incongruent with the notion of a "culture of life", and suggested it be employed in a more limited fashion.<ref>Sentencing Law and Policy (Blog by Douglas A. Berman): Senator Brownback questions death penalty and culture of life Template:Webarchive, February 3, 2006</ref>

DarfurEdit

Brownback visited refugee camps in Sudan in 2004 and returned to write a resolution labeling the Darfur conflict as genocide, and has been active on attempting to increase U.S. efforts to resolve the situation short of military intervention.<ref>The Washington Post: Policy Adrift on Darfur Template:Webarchive, page A25, December 27, 2005.</ref> He is an endorser of the Genocide Intervention Network, which called him a "champion of Darfur" in its Darfur scorecard, primarily for his early advocacy of the Darfur Peace and Accountability Act.<ref>DarfurScores.org: Champions of Darfur Template:Webarchive, operated by the Genocide Intervention Network, site. Retrieved August 21, 2006</ref>

Economic issuesEdit

File:Kansas Governor Sam Brownback addresses during the Kansas Soybean Expo 2014.jpg

Brownback at the Kansas Soybean Expo 2014

As governor he urged a flattening of the income tax to spur economic growth in Kansas. In December 2005, Brownback advocated using Washington, DC, as a laboratory for a flat tax.<ref>The New York Sun: D.C. May Be Flat Tax Laboratory Template:Webarchive, November 30, 2005</ref><ref>DCist: A Flat Tax for the District?, December 2, 2005 Template:Dead link Template:Cbignore</ref>

EvolutionEdit

Brownback has stated that he is a devout believer in a higher power and rejects macroevolution as an exclusive explanation for the development over time of new species from older ones.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Brownback favors giving teachers the freedom to use intelligent design to critique evolutionary theory as part of the Teach the Controversy approach:

There's intelligence involved in the overall of creation ... I don't think we're really at the point of teaching this in the classroom. I think what we passed in the U.S. Senate in 2002 the Santorum Amendment is really what we should be doing, and that is that you teach the controversy, you teach what is fact is fact, and what is theory is theory, and you move from that proceedings, rather than from teaching some sort of different thought. And this, I really think that's the area we should concentrate on at the present time, is teaching the controversy.<ref>Intelligent Design in American Classrooms? Template:Webarchive CNN Larry King Live, August 23, 2005.</ref>{{#if:Senator Sam BrownbackLarry King Live, CNN, August 23, 2005|{{#if:|}}
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Brownback spoke out against the denial of tenure at Iowa State University to astronomer Guillermo Gonzalez, a proponent of intelligent design, saying "such an assault on academic freedom does not bode well for the advancement of true science."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Health careEdit

Brownback opposes government-funded elective abortions in accordance with the Hyde Amendment. He has been a strong supporter of legislation to establish a national childhood cancer database and an increase in funding for autism research.<ref name="ontheissues.org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Better source needed Brownback supports negotiating bulk discounts on Medicare drug benefits to reduce prices. In 2007, Senators Brownback and Sherrod Brown (D-OH) sponsored an amendment to the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007. The amendment created a prize as an incentive for companies to invest in new drugs and vaccines for neglected tropical diseases. It awards a transferable "Priority Review Voucher" to any company that obtains approval for a treatment for a neglected tropical disease.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The prize was initially proposed by Duke University faculty Henry Grabowski, Jeffrey Moe, and David Ridley in their 2006 Health Affairs paper: "Developing Drugs for Developing Countries."<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Brownback has supported a bill that would introduce price transparency to the U.S. health care industry,<ref>PR Newswire: Senators and Hospital Groups Support New GPO Transparency Initiative Template:Webarchive, July 12, 2005</ref> as well as a bill which would require the disclosure of Medicare payment rate information.<ref>U.S. Senator Sam Brownback press release: Brownback Introduces Medicare Payment Rate Disclosure Act Template:Webarchive, April 7, 2006</ref>

On December 16, 2006, Brownback gave an interview to the Christian Post, stating: "We can get to this goal of eliminating deaths by cancer in ten years."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

ImmigrationEdit

Senate recordEdit

Brownback had a Senate voting record that has tended to support higher legal immigration levels<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and strong refugee protection. Brownback was cosponsor of a 2005 bill of Ted Kennedy and John McCain's which would have created a legal path to citizenship for millions of illegal immigrants already present.<ref name="immbill2005">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On June 26, 2007, Brownback voted in favor of S. 1639, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Brownback supports increasing numbers of legal immigrants, building a fence on Mexican border, and the reform bill "if enforced." While he initially supported giving guest workers a path to citizenship, Brownback eventually voted "Nay" on June 28, 2007.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Brownback has said that he supports immigration reform because the Bible says to welcome the stranger.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Record as governorEdit

On April 25, 2016, Brownback issued executive orders barring state agencies from facilitating refugee resettlement from Syria and other majority-Muslim countries, in concert with the federal Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR). He maintained they presented security risks, and his decision entirely removed Kansas from the program. The ORR served notice that it would instead work directly with local refugee resettlement organizations. Kansas was the first state to withdraw from the federal refugee resettlement program.<ref name="newsweek" />

As a result of Brownback's action, Kansas lost about $2.2 million annually that had been provided to support resettlement agencies. The state had been working with three such agencies, among them Catholic Charities of Northeast Kansas, in making appropriate placements. In the seven months preceding his order, 354 refugees were resettled in Kansas, with 13 Syrians placed in the Wichita or Kansas City areas in the previous 16 months. Representative Jim Ward from Wichita called Brownback's announcement "a distraction", intended solely for political purposes, as Kansas faced a $290 million budget deficit.<ref>Gov. Sam Brownback withdraws Kansas from federal refugee resettlement program Template:Webarchive, Kansas City Star, Edward M. Eveld, April 26, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2017.</ref>

IraqEdit

File:Brownback IRaq.png

Brownback posing with U.S. Marines in Iraq

Brownback supported a political surge coupled with the military surge of 2007 in Iraq and opposed the Democratic Party's strategy of timed withdrawal:

Senator Sam Brownback{{#if: U.S. Senate floor speech, January 16, 2007|{{#if:|}}

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In May 2007, Brownback stated: "We have not lost war; we can win by pulling together". He voted Yes on authorizing use of military force against Iraq, voted No on requiring on-budget funding for Iraq, not emergency funding and voted No on redeploying troops out of Iraq by July 2007.<ref name="ontheissues">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He has also condemned anti-Muslim bigotry in name of anti-terrorism.<ref name="ontheissues.org"/>

On June 7, 2007, Brownback voted against the Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007 when that bill came up for a vote in the Senate Judiciary Committee, on which Brownback sat.<ref>Countdown with Keith Olbermann, June 7, 2007.</ref> (The bill was passed out of the committee by a vote of 11 to 8.)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The bill aims to restore habeas corpus rights revoked by the Military Commissions Act of 2006.<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Dead link Template:Cbignore</ref>

Israel and the Palestinian TerritoriesEdit

File:PC280088.JPG (1507409603).jpg

Brownback at the December 2007 AIPAC Policy Conference

In October 2007, Brownback announced his support for a plan designed by Benny Elon, then-chairman of Israel's far-right-wing National Union/National Religious Party (NU/NRP) alliance.<ref name="forward.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Elon's positions included dismantling the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas and rejecting a two-state solution. The plan calls for the complete annexation of the West Bank by Israel, and the deportation of its massive majority Arab population to a new Palestinian state to be created within present-day Jordan, against that latter country's historic opposition.<ref name="forward.com" />

LGBT issuesEdit

In 1996, as a member of the House of Representatives, Brownback voted for the Defense of Marriage Act, which defined marriage for purposes of federal law as the union between a man and a woman.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Brownback has stated that he believes homosexuality to be immoral as a violation of both Catholic doctrine<ref name="WP-Pace">Template:Cite news</ref> and natural law.<ref name="RS-Sharlet">Template:Cite news</ref> He has voted against gay rights, receiving zeros in four of the last five scorecards as a U.S. senator from the Human Rights Campaign.<ref name="HRC-107">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="HRC-108">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="HRC-109">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="HRC-110">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="HRC-111">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He opposes both same-sex marriage and same-sex civil unions.<ref name="RS-Sharlet"/> He opposes adding sexual orientation and gender identity to federal hate crime laws.<ref name="RS-Sharlet"/><ref name="LJW-hatecrime">Template:Cite news</ref> He has declined to state a position on homosexual adoption,<ref name="ABC-gayadoption">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="AmericaBlog-gayadoption">Template:Cite news</ref> although a candidate for chair of the Kansas Republican Party claims he was blackballed by political operatives affiliated with Brownback for not opposing homosexual adoption.<ref name="KCC-Sutherland">Template:Cite news</ref> Brownback supported "don't ask, don't tell,"<ref name="WEBlog-DADT">Template:Cite news</ref> the U.S. government's ban on openly homosexual people in the military. Brownback has associated with organizations such as the Family Research Council<ref name="FRC-SPLC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=RWW-FRC-SPLC>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and American Family Association.<ref name=TCJ-Response>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=NYT-Response>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2003, Brownback worked with Alliance for Marriage and Traditional Values Coalition to introduce a Senate bill containing the Federal Marriage Amendment, a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution that would federally prohibit same-sex marriage in the United States.<ref name="NYT-FMA">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Salon-FMA">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="WT-FMA">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Brownback-FMA">Template:Cite press release</ref> The bill was a response to Goodridge v. Department of Public Health, the Massachusetts state court decision finding that same-sex couples had the right to marry in Massachusetts.<ref name="NYT-FMA" /><ref name="Salon-FMA" /><ref name="WT-FMA" /> In reaction to the Goodridge decision, Brownback stated that same-sex marriage threatened the health of American families and culture.<ref name="LJW-FMA">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2006, Brownback blocked the confirmation of federal judicial nominee Janet T. Neff because she had attended a same-sex commitment ceremony.<ref name="NYT-Neff">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="WSJ-Neff">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="WP-Neff">Template:Cite news</ref> At first, he agreed to lift the block only if Neff would recuse herself from all cases involving same-sex unions. Brownback later dropped his opposition.<ref name="NYT-Neff"/><ref name="WSJ-Neff"/><ref name="WP-Neff"/> Neff was nominated to the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan by President George W. Bush on March 19, 2007, to a seat vacated David McKeague and was confirmed by a vote of 83-4 by the Senate on July 9, 2007. She received her commission on August 6, 2007.<ref name=Neff>Senate rejects Brownback's concerns about judge Template:Webarchive, Reuters, July 9, 2007. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</ref>

In April 2011, Brownback began work on a Kansas government program to promote marriage, in part through grants to faith-based and secular social service organizations.<ref name=TCJ-HMI>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=LJW-HMI>Template:Cite news</ref> In June 2011, the administration revised contract expectations for social work organizations to promote married mother-father families.<ref name=SJ-HMI1>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=SJ-HMI2>Template:Cite news</ref> It explained the change as benefiting children.<ref name=SJ-HMI1/><ref name=SJ-HMI2/>

In January 2012, Brownback did not include Kansas's sodomy law in a list of unenforced and outdated laws that the legislature should repeal.<ref name=TCJ-Repeal>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=LJW-Repeal>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=WE-Repeal>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=NYT-Repeal>Template:Cite news</ref> Gay rights advocates had asked his administration to recommend its repeal because the law has been unenforceable since the Supreme Court's Lawrence v. Texas decision in 2003.<ref name=TCJ-Repeal/><ref name=LJW-Repeal/><ref name=WE-Repeal/><ref name=NYT-Repeal/><ref name=LJW-Repeal-Ask>Template:Cite news</ref>

In February 2012, the Brownback administration supported a religious freedom bill that would have stopped cities, school districts, universities, and executive agencies from having nondiscrimination laws or policies that covered sexual orientation or gender identity.<ref name=TCJ-HB2260>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=LJW-HB2260>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=WE-HB2260>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2013, after oral arguments in United States v. Windsor, the U.S. Supreme Court case striking down part of the Defense of Marriage Act, Brownback publicly reaffirmed his opposition to same-sex marriage.<ref name="CJ-Windsor">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court denied petitions to review several federal appellate decisions overturning state bans on same-sex marriage.<ref name="SCOTUS-Kitchen-NYT">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="SCOTUS-Kitchen-WP">Template:Cite news</ref> The court's actions favored repeal of Kansas's ban on same-sex marriage because two of the appeals (Kitchen v. Herbert and Bishop v. Oklahoma) originated in the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, which includes Kansas.<ref name="SCOTUS-Kitchen-NYT"/><ref name="SCOTUS-Kitchen-WP"/> In response, Brownback defended Kansas's same-sex marriage ban as being supported by a majority of Kansas voters and criticized "activist judges" for "overruling" the people of Kansas.<ref name="SCOTUS-Kitchen-TCJ">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="SCOTUS-Kitchen-LJW">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="SCOTUS-Kitchen-LJW2">Template:Cite news</ref>

On February 10, 2015, Brownback issued an executive order rescinding protections for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender state workers that was put into place by then-Gov. Kathleen Sebelius eight years previously.<ref name="LGBT-Protections">Template:Cite news</ref> The ACLU generally characterized his actions as being "religious freedom to discriminate."<ref name=ACLU />

Stem cell researchEdit

Brownback supports adult stem cell research and cord blood stem cells. Brownback appeared with three children adopted from in vitro fertilization clinics to coincide with a Senate debate over the Cord Blood Stem Cell Act of 2005<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Better source needed to show his support for the bill and adult stem cell research.

Other issuesEdit

On June 15, 2006, President George W. Bush signed into law the Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005 sponsored by Brownback, a former broadcaster himself. The new law stiffened the penalties for each violation of the Act. The Federal Communications Commission will be able to impose fines in the amount of $325,000 for each violation by each station that violates decency standards. The legislation raised the fine by tenfold.<ref>Combs, Roberta. Christian Coalition of America, Washington Weekly Review, June 17, 2006 Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Better source needed

On September 3, 1997, Meredith O'Rourke, an employee of Kansas firm Triad Management Services, was deposed by the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs regarding her activities and observations while providing services for the company relative to fund raising and advertising for Brownback. The deposition claims that Triad circumvented existing campaign finance laws by channeling donations through Triad, and also bypassed the campaign law with Triad running 'issue ads' during Brownback's first campaign for the Senate.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Brownback has said he does not believe there is an inherent right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution. He has, however, expressed disapproval of George W. Bush's assertions on the legality of the NSA wiretapping program.<ref>The Washington Post: David S. Broder: Bucking Bush on Spying Template:Webarchive, February 9, 2006</ref>

Brownback introduced into the Senate a resolution (Senate Joint Resolution 4) calling for the United States to apologize for past mistreatment of Native Americans.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Brownback Applauds Committee Passage of Native American Apology Resolution. Press release, May 11, 2007 Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>Brownback, Dorgan Applaud Senate Passage of Native American Apology Resolution Template:Webarchive Press release, October 7, 2009</ref>

File:Kansas Governor Sam Brownback makes remarks at a ground breaking ceremony at McConnell Air Force Base.jpg

Governor Sam Brownback makes remarks at a ground breaking ceremony at McConnell Air Force Base.

Brownback was responsible for introducing the Senate's version of a bill that would successfully establish the National Museum of African American History and Culture.<ref>The Washington Post:https://web.archive.org/web/20170216134746/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/for-rep-john-lewis-african-american-museum-was-a-recurring-dream/2016/06/28/fc05c81c-34b6-11e6-95c0-2a6873031302_story.html,</ref>

Brownback has advocated for closer relations between the United States and Armenia, citing the need to defend the country from aggression by Azerbaijan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In a 2023 Washington Times opinion piece, the former ambassador called for Israel to also support Armenia due to the two nations' shared backgrounds as Judeo-Christian nations populated by ethnic groups that have been the victims of genocides despite geopolitical tensions.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On April 24, 2024, Brownback called for sanctions against Azerbaijan and that the United States "can’t let a repeat of 1915 happen again on our watch" at an Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day rally in front of the White House.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Relationship with Koch familyEdit

Throughout his Senate career, Brownback's principal campaign donors were the politically influential libertarian Koch brothers of Kansas, and their enterprises, including Kansas-based Koch Industries—and Brownback was one of the candidates most-heavily funded by the Kochs' campaign donations. Over the course of his political career, they donated hundreds of thousands of dollars to his campaigns.<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle" /><ref name="demos_highlight_2010_09_19_mclatchydc_com" /><ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" /><ref name="kansas_tries_2014_04_17_bloomberg_bizweek" /><ref name="tea_party_tenets_2011_12_21_washpost" />

Brownback's signature tax and regulatory policies coincide tightly with the Kochs' position on those issues.<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle" /><ref name="demos_highlight_2010_09_19_mclatchydc_com" /> It was crafted with the assistance of the Koch-backed American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) and Brownback's first Budget Director, Steve Anderson. Anderson was a former Koch employee who previously worked at the Kochs' principal political organization, the libertarian think-tank Americans for Prosperity (AFP), developing a "model budget" for Kansas, until his appointment as Brownback's first budget director. Anderson remained Brownback's budget director for three years, before returning to a Koch-linked think tank, the Kansas Policy Institute.<ref name="budget_director_2013_09_06_ljworld_com">Rothschild, Scott, "Brownback's former budget director, Anderson, will work on state fiscal policy with KPI," Template:Webarchive September 6, 2013, Lawrence Journal-World retrieved October 5, 2017</ref><ref name="former_budget_dir_2013_09_07_ap_cjonline_com">Associated Press, "Former Kansas Budget Director to work for Kansas Policy Institute," Template:Webarchive September 13, 2013, Topeka Capital-Journal; also at ["Brownback's Ex Budget Director To Work For Kansas Policy Institute,"], September 9, 2013, KMUW-FM, Wichita State University; retrieved October 5, 2017</ref><ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" />

Brownback also hired the wife of a Koch-enterprise executive as his spokesperson.<ref name="tea_party_tenets_2011_12_21_washpost" />

Brownback, however, has denied that the Kochs have an undue influence in Kansas government,<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle" /> and analysts have noted key differences between Brownback and the Kochs in two of Brownback's main gubernatorial policy areas:

social issues: (on abortion, Brownback is pro-life, the Kochs pro-choice; Brownback opposes various LGBT rights, the libertarian Kochs accept them);<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle" /><ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" /> and
renewable energy standards for Kansas, which promote renewable energy (supported by Brownback; opposed by the Kochs, whose chief business is the fossil-fuel industry).<ref name="koch_influence_2014_12_14_wichita_eagle" /><ref name="this_is_whats_the_matter_2014_09_29_new_republic" />

Personal lifeEdit

File:Sam and Mary Brownback (cropped).jpg

Brownback with his wife, Mary, during his tenure in the US Senate

Brownback is married to the former Mary Stauffer, whose family owned and operated Stauffer Communications until its sale in 1995.<ref>The New York Times Archives, "Media Concern Adds 12 Stauffer Papers" Template:Webarchive, Published: June 16, 1995</ref> They have five children: Abby, Andy, Elizabeth, Mark, and Jenna. Two of their children are adopted.<ref>Template:Usurped</ref> A former evangelical Christian, Brownback converted to Catholicism<ref name="kansas_tries_2014_04_17_bloomberg_bizweek" /> in 2002 and is associated with the conservative denominational organization, Opus Dei.<ref>God, Politics And Sam Brownback's Kansas Template:Webarchive, KCUR, Laura Zeigler, June 21, 2012. Retrieved December 22, 2017.</ref> In 2017, Brownback stated that he sometimes attends an evangelical church with his family.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Electoral historyEdit

U.S. House of RepresentativesEdit

1994 Kansas's 2nd congressional district Republican primary election results
Party	Candidate	Votes	%
Republican	Sam Brownback	35,415	48.3
Republican	Bob Bennie	26,008	35.5
Republican	Joe Hume	11,872	16.2
Total votes		73,295	100.0

Results, 1994 Template:Ushr elections:<ref name="clerkresults">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Year

Democratic

Votes

Pct

Republican

Votes

Pct

Overall turnout

1994

Template:Party shading/Democratic |John W. Carlin

Template:Party shading/Democratic align="right" |71,025

Template:Party shading/Democratic |34.4%

Template:Party shading/Republican |Sam Brownback

Template:Party shading/Republican align="right" |135,725

Template:Party shading/Republican |65.6%

206,750

Template:S-end

U.S. SenatorEdit

Template:Refbegin Template:Refend

1996 United States Senate special election in Kansas: Republican primary results

Year

Incumbent

Votes

Pct

Challenger

Votes

Pct

Challenger

Votes

Pct

Overall turnout

1996

Template:Party shading/Republican |Sheila Frahm (incumbent)

Template:Party shading/Republican align="right" |142,487

Template:Party shading/Republican |41.6%

Template:Party shading/Republican |Sam Brownback

Template:Party shading/Republican align="right" |187,914

Template:Party shading/Republican |54.8%

Template:Party shading/Republican |Christina Campbell-Cline

Template:Party shading/Republican align="right" |12,378

Template:Party shading/Republican |3.6%

342,779

Template:S-end

1996 United States Senate special election in Kansas: general election results

Year

Democratic

Votes

Pct

Republican

Votes

Pct

Reform

Votes

Pct

Overall turnout

1996

Template:Party shading/Democratic |Jill Docking

Template:Party shading/Democratic align="right" |461,344

Template:Party shading/Democratic |43.3%

Template:Party shading/Republican |Sam Brownback

Template:Party shading/Republican align="right" |574,021

Template:Party shading/Republican |53.9%

Template:Party shading/ReformUSA |Donald R. Klaassen

Template:Party shading/ReformUSA align="right" |29,351

Template:Party shading/ReformUSA |2.8%

1,064,716

Template:S-end

U.S. Senate elections in Kansas (Class III): results 1998–2004<ref name="clerkresults" />

Year

Democratic

Votes

Pct

Republican

Votes

Pct

Libertarian

Votes

Pct

Reform

Votes

Pct

Overall turnout

1998

Template:Party shading/Democratic |Template:Nowrap

Template:Party shading/Democratic align="right" |229,718

Template:Party shading/Democratic |31.6%

Template:Party shading/Republican |Sam Brownback (incumbent)

Template:Party shading/Republican align="right" |474,639

Template:Party shading/Republican |65.3%

Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Tom Oyler

Template:Party shading/Libertarian align="right" |11,545

Template:Party shading/Libertarian align="right" |1.6%

Template:Party shading/ReformUSA |Alvin Bauman

Template:Party shading/ReformUSA align="right" |11,334

Template:Party shading/ReformUSA align="right" |1.6%

727,236

2004

Template:Party shading/Democratic |Lee Jones

Template:Party shading/Democratic align="right" |310,337

Template:Party shading/Democratic |27.5%

Template:Party shading/Republican |Sam Brownback (incumbent)

Template:Party shading/Republican align="right" |780,863

Template:Party shading/Republican |69.2%

Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Template:Nowrap Rosile

Template:Party shading/Libertarian align="right" |21,842

Template:Party shading/Libertarian align="right" |1.9%

Template:Party shading/ReformUSA |George Cook

Template:Party shading/ReformUSA align="right" |15,980

Template:Party shading/ReformUSA align="right" |1.4%

1,129,022

Template:S-end

Governor of KansasEdit

2010 Kansas gubernatorial election: Republican primary result
Party	Candidate	Votes	%
Republican	Sam Brownback	263,920	82.1
Republican	Joan Heffington	57,160	17.8
Total votes		321,080	100.0

Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box total no change Template:Election box gain with party link no change Template:Election box end

2014 Kansas gubernatorial election: Republican primary result
Party	Candidate	Votes	%
Republican	Sam Brownback (incumbent)	166,687	63.2
Republican	Jennifer Winn	96,907	36.7
Total votes		263,594	100.0

Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box total no change Template:Election box end

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

Template:Sister project

Governor Sam Brownback official government website (archived)
Template:Usurped
Genealogy of Sam Brownback
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Template:Navboxes Template:Authority control

Sam Brownback

Early life and educationEdit

Early careerEdit

U.S. Senator (1996–2011)Edit

ElectionsEdit

TenureEdit

CREW complaintsEdit

CommitteesEdit

2008 presidential campaignEdit

Governor of Kansas (2011–2018)Edit

ElectionsEdit

2010 gubernatorial electionEdit

2014 gubernatorial electionEdit

TenureEdit

Legislative agendaEdit

TaxesEdit

EducationEdit

EconomyEdit

Health careEdit

AbortionEdit

Prayer rallyEdit

U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious FreedomEdit

Nomination and confirmationEdit

TenureEdit

IssuesEdit

PositionsEdit

AbortionEdit

ArtsEdit

Capital punishmentEdit

DarfurEdit

Economic issuesEdit

EvolutionEdit

Health careEdit

ImmigrationEdit

Senate recordEdit

Record as governorEdit

IraqEdit

Israel and the Palestinian TerritoriesEdit

LGBT issuesEdit

Stem cell researchEdit

Other issuesEdit

Relationship with Koch familyEdit

Personal lifeEdit

Electoral historyEdit

U.S. House of RepresentativesEdit

U.S. SenatorEdit

Governor of KansasEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

External linksEdit