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Sander Martin Levin (born September 6, 1931) is an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 2019, representing Template:Ushr (numbered as the Template:Ushr from 1983 to 1993 and as the Template:Ushr from 1993 to 2013). Levin, a member of the Democratic Party from Michigan, is a former ranking member on the House Ways and Means Committee;<ref name="house-democrats-sander-levin-231964">Template:Cite news</ref> he was Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee from 2010 to 2011. He was the older brother of former U.S. Senator Carl Levin, and is the father of former Congressman Andy Levin, his successor.

In December 2017, Levin announced that he would retire from Congress at the end of his current term, and not seek re-election in 2018.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His son Andy was elected on November 6, 2018, and took office in the 116th Congress, which commenced on January 3, 2019.

Early life and educationEdit

Levin was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Jewish parents Bess Rachel (née Levinson) and Saul R. Levin.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He graduated from Central High School in Detroit, received a bachelor's degree from the University of Chicago in 1952, a Master's degree in international relations from Columbia University in 1954, and a law degree from Harvard Law School in 1957. Afterwards, he developed a private practice in Detroit.

State politicsEdit

Levin was named chairman of the Oakland County Democratic Party in 1962.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was elected as State Senator for the 15th district in 1964, defeating Republican George W. Kuhn.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Levin served in the position until 1970.<ref name="congressbio" /> Following the 1967 resignation of Michigan Democratic Party chairman Zolton Ferency, Levin was elected state party chairman on December 17. He resigned his position as minority floor leader the following January.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He served as Senate minority leader from January 1969 to January 1970, when he resigned to run for governor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

He made unsuccessful campaigns for Governor of Michigan in 1970 and 1974, both times losing to Republican William Milliken. He was a Fellow of the Harvard Kennedy School in 1975. From 1977 through 1981 he was assistant administrator of the Agency for International Development.<ref name="congressbio">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

U.S. House of RepresentativesEdit

ElectionsEdit

In 1982, incumbent Democratic U.S. Congressman William Brodhead decided not to run for re-election, instead making an unsuccessful run for governor. Levin won the Democratic primary in Michigan's 17th congressional district with 49% of the vote,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which at that time included northwestern Detroit as well as parts of Macomb and Oakland counties. Levin subsequently won this 1982 general election with 67% of the vote.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He typically won re-election with at least 56% of the vote since then, exceptions being 1992 and 1994 elections. After the 1990 United States census, his district was renumbered as the 12th district and lost its share of Detroit. In 1992, he narrowly defeated businessman and Vietnam War veteran John Pappageorge 53%-46%.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In a 1994 rematch, Levin again defeated this same opponent, during the midst of the Republican Revolution, 52%-47%.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Then again in 1996, Levin defeated Pappageorge by a larger margin in a third rematch 57%-41%.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1998, Levin won re-election against Republican nominee Leslie A. Touma, 56%-42%.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2000, Detroit Metro area businessman Bart Baron gained the endorsement of the United Auto Workers Union, but Levin still managed to win re-election with 64% of the vote.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The 2000s redistricting added heavily Democratic Southfield and Mount Clemens to the district, and he won re-election in every election with at least 61% of the vote since.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2012

Template:See also After redistricting, Levin's district was merged with the 9th District of fellow Democrat Gary Peters.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The district retained Peters' district number—the 9th—but geographically was more Levin's district. Peters opted to run in the newly redrawn 14th District.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This effectively handed the Democratic nomination to Levin. While he lost Southfield to the 14th, it picked up the rest of Royal Oak, as well as Oak Park, Clawson and Berkley, among other locations. It was no less Democratic than its predecessor, and Levin breezed to a 16th term with 61.4 percent of the vote.

Committee assignmentsEdit

Levin took over as chairman of the Ways and Means committee on March 4, 2010, when Charles B. Rangel of New York stepped aside in due to a number of ethics violations.<ref name="wp2010030402172">Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref> Levin served as chairman until January 2011 and ranking member until the end of 2016.<ref name="house-democrats-sander-levin-231964"/>

Levin was a member of the House Baltic Caucus<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the Congressional Arts Caucus.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Political positionsEdit

Foreign policyEdit

As a member of Congress, Levin was a supporter of Israel. He supported the nuclear deal with Iran, and said that Israel, the region, and the world would be more secure under the Iran nuclear deal.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Personal lifeEdit

His wife of 50 years, Vicki Schlafer, died on September 4, 2008. They had four children: Andy, Jennifer, Madeleine, and Matthew and ten grandchildren.

In a private ceremony in July 2012, Levin married Pamela Cole, age 61, a Pennsylvania State University psychology professor who studies emotional development. They met through his late wife Vicki. Cole and Levin worked to create a fund in her name for young professionals researching early childhood development.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Levin comes from a family that has long been prominent in Michigan politics. His younger brother Carl Levin was the state's senior Senator until his retirement in January 2015. His uncle, Theodore, was a federal judge. His first cousin Charles was a Michigan Supreme Court justice, after serving as a Michigan Court of Appeals judge. Another first cousin, Joseph Levin, was a candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives. His son Andy Levin was an unsuccessful candidate for the Michigan Senate in 2006, but in 2018 was elected to succeed him in the United States House of Representatives.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Electoral historyEdit

Template:S-start |+ Template:Ushr: Results 1982–1990<ref name="clerk">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="fedelect"/> ! Year ! ! Democratic ! Votes ! % ! ! Republican ! Votes ! % ! ! Third party ! Party ! Votes ! % ! |- |1982 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin |Template:Party shading/Democratic |116,901 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |67% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |Gerald Rosen |Template:Party shading/Republican |55,620 |Template:Party shading/Republican |32% | |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Virginia Cropsey |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Libertarian |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |2,955 |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |2% | |- |1984 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |133,064 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |100% | | |No candidate | | | | | | | | |- |1986 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |105,031 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |76% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |Calvin Williams |Template:Party shading/Republican |30,879 |Template:Party shading/Republican |22% | |Template:Party shading/Nonpartisan |Charles Martell |Template:Party shading/Nonpartisan |Independent |Template:Party shading/Nonpartisan |1,477 |Template:Party shading/Nonpartisan |1% | |- |1988 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |135,493 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |70% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |Dennis Flessland |Template:Party shading/Republican |55,197 |Template:Party shading/Republican |29% | |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Charles Hahn |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Libertarian |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |2,333 |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |1% | |- |1990 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |92,205 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |70% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |Blaine Lankford |Template:Party shading/Republican |40,100 |Template:Party shading/Republican |30% | | | | | | Template:S-end

Template:S-start |+ Template:Ushr: Results 1992–2010<ref name="clerk"/><ref name="fedelect">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> ! Year ! ! Democratic ! Votes ! % ! ! Republican ! Votes ! % ! ! Third party ! Party ! Votes ! % ! ! Third party ! Party ! Votes ! % ! ! Third party ! Party ! Votes ! % |- |1992 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |137,514 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |53% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |John Pappageorge |Template:Party shading/Republican |119,357 |Template:Party shading/Republican |46% | |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Charles Hahn |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Libertarian |Template:Party shading/Libertarian align="right" |2,751 |Template:Party shading/Libertarian align="right" |1% | |! style="background:#00bfff; "|R. W. Montgomery |! style="background:#00bfff; "|Natural Law |! style="background:#00bfff; "|1,724 |! style="background:#00bfff; "|1% | | | | | | |- |1994 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |103,508 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |52% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |John Pappageorge |Template:Party shading/Republican |92,762 |Template:Party shading/Republican |47% | |Template:Party shading/Nonpartisan |Jerome White |Template:Party shading/Nonpartisan |No party affiliation |Template:Party shading/Nonpartisan |1,386 |Template:Party shading/Nonpartisan |1% | |! style="background:#00bfff; "|Eric Anderson |! style="background:#00bfff; "|Natural Law |! style="background:#00bfff; "|1,340 |! style="background:#00bfff; "|1% | | | | | | |- |1996 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |133,436 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |57% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |John Pappageorge |Template:Party shading/Republican |94,235 |Template:Party shading/Republican |41% | |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Albert Titran |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Libertarian |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |3,101 |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |1% | |! style="background:#00bfff; "|Gail Petrosoff |! style="background:#00bfff; "|Natural Law |! style="background:#00bfff; "|1,690 |! style="background:#00bfff; "|1% | | | | | | |- |1998 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |105,824 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |56% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |Leslie Touma |Template:Party shading/Republican |79,619 |Template:Party shading/Republican |42% | |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Albert Titran |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Libertarian |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |2,813 |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |1% | |! style="background:#00bfff; "|Fred Rosenberg |! style="background:#00bfff; "|Natural Law |! style="background:#00bfff; "|1,172 |! style="background:#00bfff; "|1% | | | | | | |- |2000 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |157,720 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |64% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |Bart Baron |Template:Party shading/Republican |78,795 |Template:Party shading/Republican |32% | |Template:Party shading/Green |Thomas Ness |Template:Party shading/Green |Green |Template:Party shading/Green |4,137 |Template:Party shading/Green |2% | |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Andrew LeCureaux |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Libertarian |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |3,630 |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |1% | |! style="background:#00bfff; "|Fred Rosenberg |! style="background:#00bfff; "|Natural Law |! style="background:#00bfff; "|887 |! style="background:#00bfff; "|0% | |- |2002 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |140,970 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |68% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |Harvey Dean |Template:Party shading/Republican |61,502 |Template:Party shading/Republican |30% | |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Dick Gach |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Libertarian |Template:Party shading/Libertarian align="right" |2,694 |Template:Party shading/Libertarian align="right" |1% | |Template:Party shading/Constitution |Steven Revis |Template:Party shading/Constitution |U.S. Taxpayers |Template:Party shading/Constitution |1,362 |Template:Party shading/Constitution |1% | | | | | | |- |2004 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |210,827 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |69% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |Randell Shafer |Template:Party shading/Republican |88,256 |Template:Party shading/Republican |29% | |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Dick Gach |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Libertarian |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |5,051 |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |2% | | | | | | | | | | | |- |2006 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |168,494 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |71% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |Randell Shafer |Template:Party shading/Republican |62,689 |Template:Party shading/Republican |26% | |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Andrew LeCureaux |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Libertarian |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |3,259 |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |1% | |Template:Party shading/Nonpartisan |Jerome White |Template:Party shading/Nonpartisan |No party affiliation |Template:Party shading/Nonpartisan |1,862 |Template:Party shading/Nonpartisan |1% | |Template:Party shading/Green |Art Myatt |Template:Party shading/Green |Green |Template:Party shading/Green |1,735 |Template:Party shading/Green |1% | |- |2008 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |225,094 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |72% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |Bert Copple |Template:Party shading/Republican |74,565 |Template:Party shading/Republican |24% | |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |John Vico |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Libertarian |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |4,767 |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |2% | |Template:Party shading/Constitution |Les Townsend |Template:Party shading/Constitution |U.S. Taxpayers |Template:Party shading/Constitution |4,076 |Template:Party shading/Constitution |1% | |Template:Party shading/Green |William Opalicky |Template:Party shading/Green |Green |Template:Party shading/Green |3,842 |Template:Party shading/Green |1% |- |2010 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |124,671 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |61% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |Don Volaric |Template:Party shading/Republican |71,372 |Template:Party shading/Republican |35% | |Template:Party shading/Green |Julia Williams |Template:Party shading/Green |Green |Template:Party shading/Green |3,038 |Template:Party shading/Green |1% | |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Leonard Schwartz |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Libertarian |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |2,342 |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |1% | |Template:Party shading/Constitution |Les Townsend |Template:Party shading/Constitution |U.S. Taxpayers |Template:Party shading/Constitution |2,285 |Template:Party shading/Constitution |1% |* Template:S-end

Template:S-start |+ Template:Ushr: Results 2012–<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> ! Year ! ! Democratic ! Votes ! % ! ! Republican ! Votes ! % ! ! Third party ! Party ! Votes ! % ! ! Third party ! Party ! Votes ! % ! ! Third party ! Party ! Votes ! % ! |- |2012 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |208,846 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |62% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |Don Volaric |Template:Party shading/Republican |114,760 |Template:Party shading/Republican |34% | |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Jim Fulner |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Libertarian |Template:Party shading/Libertarian align="right" |6,100 |Template:Party shading/Libertarian align="right" |2% | |Template:Party shading/Green |Julia Williams |Template:Party shading/Green |Green |Template:Party shading/Green |4,708 |Template:Party shading/Green |1% | |Template:Party shading/Constitution |Les Townsend |Template:Party shading/Constitution |U.S. Taxpayers |Template:Party shading/Constitution |2,902 |Template:Party shading/Constitution |1% | |- |2014 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |136,342 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |60% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |George Brikho |Template:Party shading/Republican |81,470 |Template:Party shading/Republican |36% | |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Gregory Creswell |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Libertarian |Template:Party shading/Libertarian align="right" |4,792 |Template:Party shading/Libertarian align="right" |2% | |Template:Party shading/Green |John McDermott |Template:Party shading/Green |Green |Template:Party shading/Green |3,153 |Template:Party shading/Green |1% | | | | | | |- |2016 || |Template:Party shading/Democratic |Sander Levin (incumbent) |Template:Party shading/Democratic |199,661 |Template:Party shading/Democratic |58% | |Template:Party shading/Republican |Christopher Morse |Template:Party shading/Republican |128,937 |Template:Party shading/Republican |37% | |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Matthew Orlando |Template:Party shading/Libertarian |Libertarian |Template:Party shading/Libertarian align="right" |9,563 |Template:Party shading/Libertarian align="right" |3% | |Template:Party shading/Green |John McDermott |Template:Party shading/Green |Green |Template:Party shading/Green |6,614 |Template:Party shading/Green |2% | | | | | | Template:S-end

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

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