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Sarcelles

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Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox French commune

Sarcelles ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located Template:Convert from the centre of Paris. Sarcelles is a sub-prefecture of the Val-d'Oise department and the seat of the arrondissement of Sarcelles.

HistoryEdit

In the south of the commune, during the 1950s and 1960s, vast housing estates were built in order to accommodate pieds-noirs (French settlers from Algeria) and Jews who had left Algeria due to its war of independence. A few Jews from Egypt settled there after the Suez crisis, and Jews from Tunisia and Morocco settled in Sarcelles after unrest and riots against Jews due to the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War. The Hôtel de Ville was built as a private house and was completed in 1885.<ref>Template:Base Mérimée</ref>

TransportEdit

Sarcelles is served by Garges–Sarcelles station on Paris RER line D.

It is also served by Sarcelles–Saint-Brice station on the Transilien Paris-Nord suburban rail line. This station, although administratively located on the territory of the neighbouring commune of Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, lies in fact very near the town centre of Sarcelles.

PopulationEdit

Template:Historical populations

Template:Asof the commune has about 40,000 residents from 40 backgrounds.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} "A 15 kilomètres de Paris, Sarcelles ses 40 000 habitants et ses 40 communautés différentes,[...]"</ref>

ImmigrationEdit

A substantial number of inhabitants of the town are pieds-noirs from Northwest Africa who immigrated to France in the 1960s. Sarcelles is also home to a vibrant Jewish community and the largest concentration of Assyrians in France.<ref>Wieviorka and Bataille, p. 166-167. "The ChaldoAssyrian Community What saved Sarcelles and rid it of the reputation associated with 'Sarcel-litis was undoubtedly due to its Jewish population which, unaware of the drawbacks of concrete urbanisation, emphasised the positive[....]"</ref>

Rahsaan Maxwell, author of Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-Offs, stated that compared with other French communities, the ethnic minorities in Sarcelles have more influence, so therefore "Sarcelles should not be considered representative of cities across metropolitan France".<ref name=MaxwellTradep171>Maxwell, Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-Offs, p. 171.</ref> Residents believe that there is a "Sarcelles identity," meaning any ethnic group can be a part of the city, and they believe it lowers levels of crime and violence.<ref name=MaxwellTradep170>Maxwell, Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-Offs, p. 170.</ref>

Compared with other parts of France, ethnic minorities in Sarcelles gained political power at a faster rate, with gains made in the 1980s instead of the 1990s and 2000s. Many politicians responded to minority demands sooner as many immigrants, especially Caribbeans and Sephardic Jews, had French citizenship. François Pupponi, the mayor in the 2000s dedicated monuments commemorating the histories of ethnic groups,<ref name=MaxwellTradep170/> authorised funding of organisations supporting specific ethnic groups such as running Arabic and Hindi language classes<ref name=MaxwellTradep171/> and permitted the use of public facilities for religious events.<ref name=MaxwellTradep170171>Maxwell, Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-Offs, p. 170-171.</ref> Pupponi argued that this style is the best method of giving many ethnic groups one sense of community.<ref name=MaxwellTradep171/> Critics argued that funding groups catering to specific ethnic groups promotes segregation.<ref name=MaxwellTradep170/>

Template:France immigration

CaribbeansEdit

Template:As of, 8.7% of the population was of Caribbean origin.<ref>Maxwell, Rahsaan Daniel. Tensions and Tradeoffs: Ethnic Minority Migrant Integration in Britain and France. ProQuest, 2008. p. 197. Template:ISBN, 9780549874584.</ref> Template:As of, many of the ethnic Caribbean residents have French citizenship.<ref name=MaxwellTradep170/>

By the 1970s, Afro-Caribbeans became more interested in changing politics. By the 1980s, Guy Guyoubli, a local activist, organised an almost all-Caribbean protest list. Maxwell wrote that this demonstrated that Caribbeans had serious intentions of participating in the political system, even though there were no representatives elected from the lists.<ref name=MaxwellTradep172>Maxwell, Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-Offs, p. 172.</ref> At the time, ethnic minorities across Metropolitan France were increasingly trying to influence the political system.<ref name=MaxwellTradep172/> The city's first ever two Caribbean councillors were elected in 1989. Around 1989, Raymond Lamontagne, the mayor, opened Metropolitan France's first ever Caribbean-orientated, council-funded community centre.<ref name=MaxwellTradep170/>

Maghrebian MuslimsEdit

Template:See also In the 1950s and 1960s, Maghrebians began to arrive in Sarcelles. They developed political organisation in subsequent decades. Originally, the Muslims worshipped in converted makeshift areas, but, later, they built mosques for their community.

In the 1990s, Maghrebians were first elected to the commune council. Maxwell wrote that Maghrebians did not begin to obtain "key positions" until about 2012, as they had had "low turnout and weak community organisations".<ref name=MaxwellTradep179>Maxwell, Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France: Integration Trade-Offs, p. 179.</ref>

Assyrian ChristiansEdit

File:Assyrianmonument.JPG
Memorial to the 1915 Assyrian genocide

A memorial to Assyro-Chaldean victims of the 1915 Assyrian genocide was dedicated in 2005.<ref name=MaxwellTradep171/> Part of the film The Last Assyrians features the Assyrian community, including members of the Chaldean Catholic Church.

Maghrebi JewsEdit

During the 1960s, many Maghrebi Jews migrated to France, settling in Sarcelles. They were chiefly from Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. Today, most of the Jewish residents have French citizenship.<ref name=MaxwellTradep170/>

During the peak immigration of Maghrebi Jews, they subscribed to a belief in assimilation and secularism. They had the North African belief of what Michel Wieviorka and Philippe Bataille, authors of The Lure of Anti-Semitism: Hatred of Jews in Present-Day France, describe as "a structuring role" that "does not cover all aspects of social life".<ref name=WieviorkaBataillep165>Wieviorka and Bataille, p. 165.</ref> Beginning in the 1980s, religion became more public and important. Wieviorka and Bataille stated that the previous North African practice is "becoming mixed up with the neo-Orthodox practices of the 'young people' for whom religion controls everything."<ref name=WieviorkaBataillep165/>

In 1983, a wave of councillors were elected who were Sephardic Jews from North Africa.<ref name=MaxwellTradep170/>

CrimeEdit

Template:See also In 2012, Maxwell stated that "petty crime" and vandalism had become consistent issues. He said that "violent confrontations" among black migrants, Maghrebians, and Jews was "a recurring theme".<ref name=MaxwellTradep170/> He added that, by 2012, the commune had "developed a reputation as one of the more dangerous Paris suburbs."<ref name=MaxwellTradep170/> Maxwell wrote that local residents told him that the reputation was overblown.<ref name=MaxwellTradep170/>

Maxwell wrote that, during the 2005 French riots, a report concluded that the damage to buildings in Sarcelles was "relatively moderate". A later report concluded that, compared with most cities, Sarcelles had fewer days of severe riots.<ref name=MaxwellTradep170/> He also said that local residents characterised the damage as "not as bad as elsewhere and not as bad as one might have expected given Sarcelles's economic and ethnic profile."<ref name=MaxwellTradep170/> Template:Clear left

International relationsEdit

File:Sarcelles - Panneau square d Hattersheim.jpg
Direction of the nearest twin town

Template:See also

Twin towns – sister citiesEdit

Sarcelles is twinned with:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Co-operation agreementEdit

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

EducationEdit

The commune has 19 public écoles maternelles (pre-schools/nurseries),<ref>"Les écoles maternelles Template:Webarchive." Sarcelles. Retrieved on May 22, 2017.</ref> 21 public écoles primaires (primary schools),<ref>"Les écoles primaires." Sarcelles. Retrieved on May 22, 2017.</ref> six public collèges (junior high schools), two public lycées (senior high schools/sixth-form colleges), and two other educational institutions.<ref>"Jeunesse (11-25) Équipements scolaires superieurs Template:Webarchive." Sarcelles. Retrieved on May 22, 2017.</ref>

The Bibliothèque intercommunale Anna Langfus is located in Sarcelles.<ref>"Bibliothèque intercommunale Anna Langfus à Sarcelles Template:Webarchive." Val de France. Retrieved on 3 June 2014. "Bibliothèque intercommunale Anna Langfus 37 Boulevard Bergson 95200 Sarcelles"</ref> This library has over 60,000 items and is divided between an adults' section and a children's section.<ref>"Bibliothèque Anna Langfus Template:Webarchive." Val de France. Retrieved on 3 June 2014. "Bibliothèque Intercommunale Anna Langfus 37 boulevard Henri Bergson (2ème étage) 95200 Sarcelles"</ref> In addition the Espace Musique Mel Bonis is in Sarcelles.<ref>"Espace Musique Mel Bonis Template:Webarchive." Val de France Intercommunal Libraries. Retrieved on June 3, 2014. "Espace musique Mel Bonis à Sarcelles 1, Place de Navarre, Les Flanades 95200 Sarcelles"</ref>

Notable peopleEdit

See alsoEdit

File:Sarcelles - Eglise Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul - Rue de la Resistance.jpg
The church, classified as a historic monument

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

External linksEdit

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Template:Paris Metropolitan Area Template:Val-d'Oise communes

Template:Authority control

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