Sathyamangalam
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Sathyamangalam (also known as Sathy) is a town and municipality in Erode district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It lies on the banks of the Bhavani river, a tributary of the Cauvery in the foothills of the Western Ghats and is the headquarters of Sathyamangalam taluk. It is about 65 km from Erode, 58 km from Tiruppur and 65 km from Coimbatore. As of 2011, the town had a population of 37,816.<ref name="General1968">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Journal of Indian history">Template:Cite book</ref>
HistoryEdit
The region was ruled by the Cheras and Vijayanagara empire.<ref name="StateBaliga1967">Template:Cite book</ref> It was captured by Tipu Sultan and after Tipu's defeat, British annexed it to their territory.<ref name="Rana2006">Template:Cite book</ref>
GeographyEdit
Sathyamangalam is situated on the southern side of the Western Ghats, which extend towards the east from the Nilgiri mountains. The general topography is not flat and covered by sloping lands. Bhavani river flows at the center of the town from west to east. Agricultural wet lands are predominant on both sides of the river and dry lands are predominant on the northern side of the town. The soil mainly consists of black loam, red loam and red sand.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Flora and faunaEdit
A portion of the Sathyamangalam forests was declared as a wildlife sanctuary in 2008 and as a tiger reserve in 2013.<ref name="declare">Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sathyamangalam was declared as reserve forest under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. It is contiguous with the Biligirirangan Temple Wildlife Sanctuary to the north in neighboring Chamarajanagar district of Karnataka, and together forms a vital corridor for elephant movements. The 2009 wildlife survey conducted by Government of Tamil Nadu enumerated 12 Bengal tiger, 836 Indian elephants, 779 blackbucks, and 20 leopards.<ref name=Census>Template:Cite journal</ref>
DemographicsEdit
According to 2011 census, Sathyamangalam had a population of 37,816 with a sex-ratio of 1,006 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A total of 3,382 were under the age of six, constituting 1,737 males and 1,645 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 10.38% and 0.74% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 72.02%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The town had a total of 11,148 households. There were a total of 17,451 workers, comprising 1,094 cultivators, 1,882 main agricultural labourers, 741 in house hold industries, 11,272 other workers, 2,462 marginal workers, 26 marginal cultivators, 430 marginal agricultural labourers, 136 marginal workers in household industries and 1,870 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As per the religious census of 2011, Sathyamangalam had 86.3% Hindus, 10.2% Muslims, 3.4% Christians and 0.1% others.<ref name=religion2011>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Administration and politicsEdit
Sathyamangalam is the headquarters for Sathyamangalam taluka in Erode District. The town was upgraded to a third grade municipality from the status of town panchayat in 1970 and subsequently as a second grade Municipality in 1977. It was elevated to a first grade municipality in 1998.<ref name="GOT"/> Sathyamanagalam assembly constituency was merged with Bhavani Sagar as a part of delimitation by the Election Commission of India. It was a part of the Gobichettipalayam parliamentary constituency until 2010 before being merged with Nilgiris.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref>
EconomyEdit
Sathyamangalam is a town with an agricultural linter land on all sides. Sathyamangalam municipality's area in 29.24 km, comprising four revenue villages. Only 11.46% of the municipal area is developed as urban area and the remaining 89.54% remains undeveloped agricultural land.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
TransportEdit
The town is situated at a distance of 65 km from district headquarters Erode, connected through State Highway 15 via Gobichettipalayam. The Coimbatore-Bangalore National Highway (NH 948) passes through this town. It is well connected by buses from nearby towns and cities with frequent buses available to/from Coimbatore, Erode, Tiruppur, Gobichettipalayam and Mysore. The nearest railway station is at Tiruppur (57 km). A proposal to construct a railway line connecting Mysore with Erode via Sathyamangalam was mooted during the British rule in 1915. Four official surveys were made in 1922, 1936, 1942 and as recently as 2008, but the plan failed to take off due to the concerns of railway line passing through the Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The nearest airport is Coimbatore International Airport, located Template:Convert from the town. The airport has regular flights from/to major domestic destinations and international destinations like Sharjah, Colombo and Singapore.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Places of interestEdit
Sathyamangalam Tiger ReserveEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve is a protected area and tiger reserve located along the area straddling both the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats on the outskirts of the town.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Sathyamangalam Forest Division is part of the Bramhagiri-Nilgiris-Eastern Ghats Elephant Reserve notified in 2003.<ref name="Tamil Nadu Forest Department">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2008, part of the Sathyamangalam Forest Division was declared as a wildlife sanctuary and enlarged in 2011, it covers a forest area of Template:Convert and is the largest wildlife sanctuary in Tamil Nadu. In 2013, an area of Template:Convert of the erstwhile sanctuary was notified as a tiger reserve. It was the fourth tiger reserve established in Tamil Nadu as a part of Project Tiger and is the third largest in the state.
Bhavanisagar DamEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Bhavanisagar dam is located about Template:Convert west of Sathyamangalam.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The dam is constructed on the Bhavani river.<ref name="CSTI">Template:Cite journal</ref> It is one of the world's largest earthen dams.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
Template:Erode district Template:Municipalities of Tamil Nadu