Secretary of State for Education
Template:Short descriptionTemplate:About
Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox official post Template:PoliticsUK
The secretary of state for education, also referred to as the education secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for the work of the Department for Education.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. As education is fully devolved to the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive, the post holder has no jurisdiction or influence in education policy or direction in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Therefore, the Cabinet Secretary for Education legislates on education matters only in England.
The office holder works alongside the other Education ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for education, and the work of the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The current education secretary is Bridget Phillipson.
ResponsibilitiesEdit
Corresponding to what is generally known as an education minister in many other countries, the education secretary's remit is concerned primarily with England. This includes:
- Early years
- Children's social care
- Teacher recruitment and retention
- The national curriculum
- School improvement
- Academies and free schools
- Further education
- Apprenticeships and skills
- Higher education
- Oversight of the departmental coronavirus (COVID-19) response
- Oversight of school infrastructure improvement<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
HistoryEdit
A committee of the Privy Council was appointed in 1839 to supervise the distribution of certain government grants in the education field.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The members of the committee were the Lord President of the Council, the Secretaries of State, the First Lord of the Treasury, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer. From 1857 a vice-president was appointed who took responsibility for policy.
On 1 April 1900, the Board of Education Act 1899 abolished the committee and instituted a new board, headed by a president. The members were initially very similar to the old committee and the president of the board was the Lord President of the council; however, from 1902 this ceased to be the case and the president of the board was appointed separately (although the Marquess of Londonderry happened to hold both jobs from 1903 to 1905).
The Education Act 1944 replaced the Board of Education with a new Ministry of Education.
The position of Secretary of State for Education and Science was created in 1964 with the merger of the offices of Minister of Education and the Minister of Science. The postholder oversaw the Department of Education and Science.
From June 1970 to March 1974, this post was held by future prime minister Margaret Thatcher.<ref name=worst>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 1992, the responsibility for science was transferred to Cabinet Office's Office of Public Service, and the department was renamed Department of Education. In 1995 the department merged with the Department of Employment to become the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) and in 2001 the employment functions were transferred to a newly created Department for Work and Pensions, with the DfEE becoming the Department for Education and Skills (DfES). In 2007 under Gordon Brown's new premiership, the DfES was split into two new departments; the Department for Children, Schools and Families, and a Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills, under two new secretaries of state.
The ministerial office of the Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills was, in late 2009, amalgamated into the new ministerial office of the resurgent politician Peter Mandelson, made a peer and given the title Lord Mandelson as the newly created Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills – itself an amalgamation of the responsibilities of the Secretaries of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform and Innovation, Universities and Skills. The Secretary of State has remit over higher education policy as well as British business and enterprise.
From 14 July 2016 to 8 January 2018 the post was held by Justine Greening, as her predecessor, Nicky Morgan, was sacked by Theresa May. Greening resigned after rejecting a reshuffle to the Department for Work and Pensions.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On 7 July 2022, Michelle Donelan became the shortest-serving cabinet member in British history, when she resigned as Education Secretary 35 hours after being appointed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
List of office holdersEdit
Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education (1857–1902)Edit
Colour key (for political parties):
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President of the Board of Education (1900–1944)Edit
Colour key (for political parties):
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Minister of Education (1944–1964)Edit
Colour key (for political parties):
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| Minister | Term of office | Party | Prime Minister | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Richard-Austen-Rab-Butler-1st-Baron-Butler-of-Saffron-Walden.jpg | R. A. Butler<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
10 August 1944 | 25 May 1945 | Conservative | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Winston Churchill Template:Small |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Lord Coleraine.jpg | Richard Law | 25 May 1945 | 26 July 1945 | Conservative | Winston Churchill Template:Small | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Ellen Cicely Wilkinson.jpg | Ellen Wilkinson | 3 August 1945 | 6 February 1947 (died in office) |
Labour | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Clement Attlee | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Blank.png | George Tomlinson | 10 February 1947 | 26 October 1951 | Labour | |||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Flo horsbrugh.jpg | Florence Horsbrugh | 2 November 1951 | 18 October 1954 | Conservative | style="background-color:Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | Winston Churchill | |
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:David Eccles crop.jpg | David Eccles | 18 October 1954 | 13 January 1957 | Conservative | style="background-color:Template:Party color; border-top:solid 0 gray" | | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Anthony Eden | |||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham Allan Warren.jpg | Quintin Hogg | 13 January 1957 | 17 September 1957 | Conservative | rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Harold Macmillan | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Blank.png | Geoffrey Lloyd | 17 September 1957 | 14 October 1959 | Conservative | |||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:David Eccles crop.jpg | David Eccles | 14 October 1959 | 13 July 1962 | Conservative | |||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | File:Blank.png | Edward Boyle, Baron Boyle of Handsworth | 13 July 1962 | 1 April 1964 | Conservative | |||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; border-top:solid 0 gray" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Alec Douglas-Home | ||||||
Secretary of State for Education and Science (1964–1992)Edit
Colour key (for political parties):
Template:Legend2
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| Secretary of State | Term of office | Party | Prime Minister | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Lord Hailsham 1959.jpg | [[Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone|Quintin Hogg Template:Small]] |
1 April 1964 | 16 October 1964 | Conservative | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Alec Douglas-Home | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Michael Stewart.jpg | Michael Stewart | 18 October 1964 | 22 January 1965 | Labour | rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Harold Wilson | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Charles-Anthony-Raven-Crosland (cropped).jpg | Anthony Crosland | 22 January 1965 | 29 August 1967 | Labour | |||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Member of Parliament of Great Britain, Patrick Gordon Walker.jpg | Patrick Gordon Walker | 29 August 1967 | 6 April 1968 | Labour | |||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Blank.png | Edward Short | 6 April 1968 | 19 June 1970 | Labour | |||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Thatcher-loc.jpg | Margaret Thatcher<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref name=worst/> |
20 June 1970 | 4 March 1974 | Conservative | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Edward Heath |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Blank.png | Reginald Prentice<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
5 March 1974 | 9 June 1975 | Labour | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Harold Wilson |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | File:Fred Mulley.PNG | Fred Mulley<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
10 June 1975 | 9 September 1976 | Labour | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; border-top:solid 0 gray" | | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | James Callaghan | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Shirley Williams, 1984.jpg | Shirley Williams<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
10 September 1976 | 4 May 1979 | Labour | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Blank.png | Mark Carlisle | 5 May 1979 | 14 September 1981 | Conservative | rowspan=5 style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Margaret Thatcher | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Blank.png | Keith Joseph<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
14 September 1981 | 20 May 1986 | Conservative | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Official portrait of Lord Baker of Dorking crop 2.jpg | Kenneth Baker<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
21 May 1986 | 23 July 1989 | Conservative | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Official portrait of Lord MacGregor of Pulham Market crop 2.jpg | John MacGregor<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
24 July 1989 | 1 November 1990 | Conservative | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | File:Official portrait of Mr Kenneth Clarke crop 2.jpg | Kenneth Clarke<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
2 November 1990 | 9 April 1992 | Conservative | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; border-top:solid 0 gray" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | John Major | ||||||
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Secretary of State for Education (1992–1995)Edit
Colour key (for political parties):
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| Secretary of State | Term of office | Party | Prime Minister | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Blank.png | John Patten<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
10 April 1992 | 20 July 1994 | Conservative | rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | John Major |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Official portrait of Baroness Shephard of Northwold crop 2.jpg | Gillian Shephard<ref name="Shephard">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
20 July 1994 | 5 July 1995 | Conservative | ||
Secretary of State for Education and Employment (1995–2001)Edit
Colour key (for political parties):
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| Secretary of State | Term of office | Party | Prime Minister | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Official portrait of Baroness Shephard of Northwold crop 2.jpg | Gillian Shephard<ref name="Shephard"/> | 5 July 1995 | 1 May 1997 | Conservative | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | John Major | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Official Portrait of Lord Blunkett crop 1.jpg | David Blunkett<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
1 May 1997 | 8 June 2001 | Labour | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Tony Blair |
Secretary of State for Education and Skills (2001–2007)Edit
Colour key (for political parties):
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| Secretary of State | Term of office | Party | Prime Minister | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Official portrait of Baroness Morris of Yardley crop 2, 2019.jpg | Estelle Morris<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
8 June 2001 | 24 October 2002 (resigned) |
Labour | rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | Tony Blair |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:CharlesClarke2014.jpg | Charles Clarke<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
24 October 2002 | 15 December 2004 | Labour | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:RuthKellyMP.jpg | Ruth Kelly<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
15 December 2004 | 5 May 2006 | Labour | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Alan Johnson MP.jpg | Alan Johnson<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
5 May 2006 | 28 June 2007 | Labour | ||
Secretaries of State for Children, Schools and Families (2007–2010); and Innovation, Universities and Skills (2007–2009)Edit
In 2007, the education portfolio was divided between the Department for Children, Schools and Families (responsible for infant, primary and secondary education) and the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (responsible for further, higher and adult education). In 2009, the latter department was merged into the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.
Secretary of State for Children, Schools and FamiliesEdit
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Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and SkillsEdit
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Secretary of State for Education (2010–present)Edit
The Department for Education and the post of Secretary of State for Education were recreated in 2010.
Responsibility for higher and adult education remained with the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills (Vince Cable 2010–2015, Sajid Javid 2015–2016), until reunited with the Department for Education in 2016.
Colour key (for political parties):
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* Incumbent's length of term last updated: Template:Date.
Timeline of education secretariesEdit
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bar:Cowper from: 05/02/1857 till: 21/02/1858 color:whig text:"William Cowper-Temple" bar:Adderley from: 12/03/1858 till: 11/06/1859 color:con text:"Charles Adderley" bar:Lowe from: 24/06/1859 till: 26/04/1864 color:lib text:"Robert Lowe" bar:Bruce from: 26/04/1864 till: 26/06/1866 color:lib text:"Henry Bruce" bar:Lowry-Corry from: 26/06/1866 till: 19/03/1867 color:con text:"Henry Lowry-Corry" bar:Montagu from: 19/03/1867 till: 01/12/1868 color:con text:"Lord Robert Montagu" bar:Forster from: 09/12/1868 till: 17/02/1874 color:lib text:"William Edward Forster" bar:Sandon from: 02/03/1874 till: 04/04/1878 color:con text:"Viscount Sandon" bar:Hamilton from: 04/04/1878 till: 21/03/1880 color:con text:"Lord George Hamilton" bar:Mundella from: 03/05/1880 till: 09/06/1885 color:lib text:"A. J. Mundella" bar:Stanhope from: 24/06/1885 till: 17/09/1885 color:con text:"Edward Stanhope" bar:Knutsford from: 17/09/1885 till: 28/01/1886 color:con from:03/08/1886 till:25/01/1887 color:con text:"Henry Holland" bar:Playfair from: 13/02/1886 till:20/07/1886 color:lib text:"Lyon Playfair" bar:Dyke from:25/01/1887 till:11/08/1892 color:lib text:"William Hart Dyke" bar:Acland from:25/08/1892 till:21/06/1895 color:lib text:"Arthur Dyke Acland" bar:Gorst from:04/07/1895 till:08/08/1902 color:con text:"John Eldon Gorst" bar:Cavendish from:03/03/1900 till:08/08/1902 color:libun text:"Spencer Cavendish" bar:Vane-Tempest-Stewart from:11/08/1902 till:04/12/1905 color:con text:"Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart" bar:Birrell from:10/12/1905 till:23/01/1907 color:lib text:"Augustine Birrell" bar:McKenna from:23/01/1907 till:12/04/1908 color:lib text:"Reginald McKenna" bar:Runciman from:12/04/1908 till:23/10/1911 color:lib text:"Walter Runciman" bar:Pease from:23/10/1911 till:25/05/1915 color:lib text:"Jack Pease" bar:Henderson from:25/05/1915 till:18/08/1916 color:lab text:"Arthur Henderson" bar:Crewe-Milnes from:18/08/1916 till:10/12/1916 color:lib text:"Robert Crewe-Milnes" bar:Fisher from:10/12/1916 till:19/10/1922 color:lib text:"Herbert Fisher" bar:Wood from:24/10/1922 till:22/01/1924 color:con from:15/06/1932 till:07/06/1935 color:con text:"Edward Wood" bar:Trevelyan from:22/01/1924 till:03/11/1924 color:lab from:07/06/1929 till:02/03/1931 color:lab text:"Charles Trevelyan" bar:Percy from:06/11/1924 till:04/06/1929 color:con text:"Eustace Percy" bar:Lees-Smith from:02/03/1931 till:24/08/1931 color:lab text:"Hastings Lees-Smith" bar:Maclean from:25/08/1931 till:15/06/1932 color:lib text:"Donald Maclean" bar:Stanley from:07/06/1935 till:28/05/1937 color:con text:"Oliver Stanley" bar:JStanhope from:28/05/1937 till:27/10/1938 color:con text:"James Stanhope" bar:Sackville from:27/10/1938 till:03/04/1940 color:natlab text:"Herbrand Sackville" bar:Ramsbotham from:03/04/1940 till:20/07/1941 color:con text:"Herwald Ramsbotham" bar:Butler from:20/07/1941 till:25/05/1945 color:con text:"Rab Butler" bar:Law from:25/05/1945 till:26/07/1945 color:con text:"Richard Law" bar:Wilkinson from:03/08/1945 till:06/02/1947 color:lab text:"Ellen Wilkinson" bar:Tomlinson from:10/02/1947 till:26/10/1951 color:lab text:"George Tomlinson" bar:Horsburgh from:02/11/1951 till:18/10/1954 color:con text:"Florence Horsbrugh" bar:Eccles from:18/10/1954 till:13/01/1957 color:con from:14/10/1959 till:13/07/1962 color:con text:"David Eccles" bar:Hogg from:13/01/1957 till:17/09/1957 color:con from:01/04/1964 till:16/10/1964 color:con text:"Quintin Hogg" bar:Lloyd from:17/09/1957 till:14/10/1959 color:con text:"Geoffrey Lloyd" bar:Boyle from:13/07/1962 till:01/04/1964 color:con text:"Edward Boyle" bar:Stewart from:18/10/1964 till:22/01/1965 color:lab text:"Michael Stewart" bar:Crosland from:22/01/1965 till:29/08/1967 color:lab text:"Anthony Crosland" bar:Walker from:29/08/1967 till:06/04/1968 color:lab text:"Patrick Gordon Walker" bar:Short from:06/04/1968 till:19/06/1970 color:lab text:"Edward Short" bar:Thatcher from:20/06/1970 till:04/03/1974 color:con text:"Margaret Thatcher" bar:Prentice from:05/03/1974 till:09/06/1975 color:lab text:"Reginald Prentice" bar:mulley from:10/06/1975 till:09/09/1976 color:lab text:"Fred Mulley" bar:Williams from:10/09/1976 till:04/05/1979 color:lab text:"Shirley Williams" bar:Carlisle from:05/05/1979 till:14/09/1981 color:con text:"Mark Carlisle" bar:Joseph from:17/09/1981 till:20/05/1986 color:con text:"Keith Joseph" bar:Baker from:21/05/1986 till:23/07/1989 color:con text:"Kenneth Baker" bar:MacGregor from:24/07/1989 till:01/11/1990 color:con text:"John MacGregor" bar:KClarke from:02/11/1990 till:09/04/1992 color:con text:"Kenneth Clarke" bar:Patten from:10/04/1992 till:20/07/1994 color:con text:"John Patten" bar:Shephard from:20/07/1994 till:01/05/1997 color:con text:"Gillian Shephard" bar:Blunkett from:01/05/1997 till:08/06/2001 color:lab text:"David Blunkett" bar:Morris from:08/06/2001 till:24/10/2002 color:lab text:"Estelle Morris" bar:CClarke from:24/10/2002 till:15/12/2004 color:lab text:"Charles Clarke" bar:Kelly from:15/12/2004 till:05/05/2006 color:lab text:"Ruth Kelly" bar:Johnson from:05/05/2006 till:28/06/2007 color:lab text:"Alan Johnson" bar:Balls from:28/06/2007 till:11/05/2010 color:lab text:"Ed Balls" bar:Denham from:28/06/2007 till:05/06/2009 color:lab text:"John Denham" bar:Gove from:12/05/2010 till:15/07/2014 color:con text:"Michael Gove" bar:Morgan from:15/07/2014 till:13/07/2016 color:con text:"Nicky Morgan" bar:Greening from:14/07/2016 till:08/01/2018 color:con text:"Justine Greening" bar:Hinds from:08/01/2018 till:24/07/2019 color:con text:"Damian Hinds" bar:Williamson from:24/07/2019 till:15/09/2021 color:con text:"Gavin Williamson" bar:Zahawi from:15/09/2021 till:05/07/2022 color:con text:"Nadhim Zahawi" bar:Donelan from:05/07/2022 till:07/07/2022 color:con text:"Michelle Donelan" bar:Cleverly from:07/07/2022 till:06/09/2022 color:con text:"James Cleverly" bar:Malthouse from:06/09/2022 till:25/10/2022 color:con text:"Kit Malthouse" bar:Keegan from:25/10/2022 till:05/07/2024 color:con text:"Gillian Keegan" bar:Phillipson from:05/07/2024 till:$now color:lab text:"Bridget Phillipson"
</timeline>
ReferencesEdit
See alsoEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Cabinet positions in the United Kingdom Template:Secretaries of State for Education