Shelter-half
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A shelter-half is a simple kind of partial tent designed to provide temporary shelter and concealment when combined with one or more sections. Two sheets of canvas or a similar material (the halves) are fastened together with snaps, straps or buttons to form a larger surface. The shelter-half is then erected using poles, ropes, pegs, and whatever tools are on hand, forming an inverted V structure.<ref>Care And Use of Individual Clothing and Equipment Template:Webarchive, US Army Field Manual FM15-85, 1985, pp. 3–4ff</ref> Small tents like these are often called pup tents in American English.
BackgroundEdit
Shelter halves are a mainstay of most armies, and are known from the mid 19th century.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Often, each soldier carries one shelter-half and half the poles, etc., and they pair off to erect a two-man tent. The size and shape of each half shelter piece may vary from army to army, but are typically rectangular, triangular or lozenge shaped. When time and space allow, some forms of half-shelters can be combined into a larger, more complex tent.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Shelter-halves are usually designed to serve double duty as ponchos against the rain, or for the concealment of snipers. While the fabric is often simple olive drab, several nations use camouflaged fabric. The first printed camouflage for soldiers were the Italian Telo mimetico introduced in 1929 for their half-shelters. The first camouflage uniforms were the Second World War German paratrooper smock, based on their M1931 Splittermuster shelter-halves.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The Austro-Hungarian army used the M888 zeltbahn that was first issued in an ochre color, later in grey color that had a bayonet hole allowing the rifle to be used as an ad-hoc tent pole. Russian Army has used plasch-palatkas (literally "cape-tents", designed to be used as both a part of a larger tent cover, or an individual weatherproof cape) since 1894,<ref name=Ulianov>Template:Cite book</ref> and the modern version, virtually unchanged since, was introduced in 1936,<ref name=Burdin>Col. S.Burdin, "The Rear and Supplies of the Red Army" #9, 1942, in Russian</ref> with the camo version being available since 1942.<ref name=Burdin /> To add some confusion, the ordinary waterproofed cape with a similar name (plasch-nakidka, "cape-overcoat") was issued at the same time, but these were not intended to combine with each other.<ref name=Ulianov />
A commercially sold example known as a zelter shelter exists.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
GalleryEdit
- Camp Crane Pup Tents.jpg
Camp Crane pup tents
- Dutch army tent 1955.jpg
Dutch Army pup tent from 1955
- PolnischesMilitaerzelt Bild10 ZweiZeltbahnenOberseite-I 17Aug2013 (9543480062).jpg
Two Polish Army shelter halves fastened together
- PolnischesMilitaerzelt Bild07 ZeltAufgebautEingang-I 17Aug2013 (9543481422).jpg
Polish Army tent erected
- Pfadfinderstamm Ägypten - Wanderung bei St. Bartholomä, Eiskapelle, 1993.png
German Boy Scouts with M1931 Splittermuster shelter-halves in 1993
- Плащ-палатка, МО РФ, лежит на земле.JPG
Russian plasch-palatka spread over ground