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Shklow (Template:Langx,Template:Efn {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Template:Langx; Template:Langx; Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is a town in Mogilev Region, Belarus, located Template:Convert north of Mogilev on the Dnieper River. It serves as the administrative center of Shklow District. It has a railway station on the line between Orsha and Mogilev. In 2009, its population was 16,439.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As of 2024, it has a population of 14,870.<ref name="pop"/>
HistoryEdit
- 1535: First records about the town.Template:Cn
- 1581: Template:Ill
- 1654: Battle of Shklow (1654)
- April 10, 1762: Coat of arms.Template:Cn
Jewish historyEdit
Shklov was an important Jewish religious center. There was a yeshiva there in the 18th century. Shklov became the center of the Haskalah movement.<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> At the end of the 19th century, there were 5542 Jews in the town. During the Soviet times a dozen families worked in the Jewish kolkhoz Iskra. In 1939, only 2132 Jews remained in Shklov.
The Germans occupied the town on July 12, 1941.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The first execution of Jews took place just a few days into the occupation. The Germans shot 25 Jewish men in Lenin Park. At the end of July 1941, two ghettos were established in the neighboring village of Template:Ill (now incorporated in Shklow). In August 1941, the Einsatzgruppen arrived in the town and gathered 84 Jews under the pretext of sending them to forced labor. In fact, they were taken to the village of Semyonovka and shot. In September 1941, the Jews were taken to a ravine in Khoduly, between the villages of Putniki and Zarechye. They had to undress and lie in the ditch before being shot. According to Soviet sources, 3,200 Jews were killed in Shklow and in the areas around.<ref name="Execution Site of Jewish Victims">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
TransportEdit
- 1 railway station
- 3 bus routes
Notable peopleEdit
The Jewish family name Shklovsky or Shklover indicates that the person or their ancestors come from Shkloŭ.
- Semyon Zorich, Serbian-born Russian General who founded an estate in Shkloŭ (Shklov).
- Yitzhak Salkinsohn, born in Shklov
- Joshua Zeitlin, rabbinical scholar and philanthropist, born here
- Yehoshua Leib Diskin, rabbi in Shklov
- Rogatchover Gaon, studied in Shklov under Yehoshua Leib
- Pavel Axelrod (1850–1928), Russian Menshevik revolutionary
- Zalman Shneur (1887–1959), Hebrew and Yiddish poet
- Baruch Schick of Shklov (1744–1808) rabbi and scholar, Hebrew author and translator<ref>The Haskalah Movement In Russia – Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 9 August 2007.</ref>
- Josef Gusikov, klezmer musician, born in Shklov
- Naum Eitingon, general of the NKVD and murderer of Leon Trotsky, born in Shklov
- Yisroel ben Shmuel of Shklov, rabbi, disciple of the Vilna Gaon
- Moshe Feinstein, rabbi, studied and lived in Shklov before emigrating to the United States to become the preeminent Torah sage and posek of his generation<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>