Sienese school

File:Galería Uffizi, Florencia, Italia, 2022-09-18, DD 26.jpg

Simone Martini, Annunciation with St. Margaret and St. Ansanus, 1333

The Sienese school of painting flourished in Siena, Italy, between the 13th and 15th centuries. Its most important artists include Duccio, whose work shows Byzantine influence, his pupil Simone Martini, the brothers Pietro and Ambrogio Lorenzetti and Domenico and Taddeo di Bartolo, Sassetta, and Matteo di Giovanni.

HistoryEdit

File:Pietro lorenzetti, compianto (dettaglio) basilica inferiore di assisi (1310-1329).jpg

Pietro Lorenzetti, detail of the Deposition of Christ, Fresco in the Lower Basilica at Assisi

Duccio may be considered the "father of Sienese painting".<ref name="met">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The brothers Pietro and Ambrogio Lorenzetti were "responsible for a crucial development in Sienese art, moving from the tradition inherited from Duccio towards a Gothic style, incorporating the innovations in Florence introduced by Giotto and Arnolfo di Cambio".<ref name="goog-effectsgood">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

"Sienese art flourished even when Siena itself had begun to decline economically and politically. And while the artists of 15th-century Siena did not enjoy the widespread patronage and respect that their 14th-century ancestors had received, the paintings and illuminated manuscripts they produced form one of the undervalued treasures in the bounty of Italian art."<ref name="nyt">Template:Cite news</ref>

In the late 15th century, Siena "finally succumbed" to the Florentine school's teachings on perspective and naturalistic representation, absorbing its "humanist culture".<ref name="nyt"/> In the 16th century the Mannerists Beccafumi and Il Sodoma worked there. While Baldassare Peruzzi was born and trained in Siena, his major works and style reflect his long career in Rome. The economic and political decline of Siena by the 16th century, and its eventual subjugation by Florence, largely checked the development of Sienese painting, although it also meant that a good proportion of Sienese works in churches and public buildings were not discarded or destroyed.

StyleEdit

Unlike Florentine art, Sienese art opted for a more decorative style and rich colors, with "thinner, elegant, and courtly figures".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It also has "a mystical streak...characterized by a common focus on miraculous events, with less attention to proportions, distortions of time and place, and often dreamlike coloration".<ref name="nyt"/> Sienese painters did not paint portraits, allegories, or classical myths.<ref name="ft">Template:Cite news</ref>

File:Duccio Maestà.jpg

Maestà by Duccio (1308–11) Tempera on wood, 214 x 412 cm Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Siena