Silphium (genus)
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Silphium is a genus of North American plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Tropicos</ref>
Members of the genus, commonly known as rosinweeds, are herbaceous perennial plants growing to Template:Cvt to more than Template:Cvt tall, with yellow (rarely white) flowerheads that resemble sunflowers. In the rosinweeds, the ray florets in the head are female and the disc florets are male;<ref name="FNA">Template:EFloras</ref> this differs from sunflowers, where ray florets are sterile and disc florets are perfect, capable of producing both pollen and seeds.<ref name="FNA Helianthus">Template:EFloras</ref>
The name of the genus comes from the Ancient Greek word for a North African plant whose identity has been lost, though it is known its gum or juice was prized by the ancients as a medicine and a condiment.<ref name="FNA" />
SpeciesEdit
Species in the genus include:<ref name="Global Compositae Checklist">Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Template:Webarchive</ref><ref name="FNA" /><ref name="IPNI-search">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="NRCS">Template:PLANTS</ref><ref name="GRINSpecies">Template:GRIN</ref><ref>Template:BONAP</ref>
- Silphium albiflorum A.Gray – white rosinweed – TX
- Silphium asteriscus L. – starry rosinweed – TX OK LA AR MO IL IN KY TN AL MS GA FL SC NC VA WV OH MD PA NY
- Silphium brachiatum Gatt. – Cumberland rosinweed – TN AL GA
- Silphium compositum Michx. – kidneyleaf rosinweed – TN AL GA FL SC NC VA WV
- Silphium glutinosum J.R. Allison AL
- Silphium integrifolium Michx. – wholeleaf rosinweed – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO WY SD NE IA IL IN KY TN MS AL WI MI MA ONT
- Silphium laciniatum L. – compassplant – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO SD NE MN IA IL IN KY TN MS AL WI MI VA PA NY ONT
- Silphium laeve Hook.
- Silphium mohrii Small – Mohr's rosinweed – TN AL GA
- Silphium perfoliatum L. – cup plant – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO SD ND NE MN IA IL INKY TN MS AL WI MI NC VA DE PA NY NJ CT RI MA VT NH ME ONT QUE NB
- Silphium perplexum J.R.Allison – Old Cahaba rosinweed – AL
- Silphium pinnatifidum Elliott – Cutleaf prairie dock – AL GA KY TN
- Silphium radula Nutt. – roughstem rosinweed – KS MO AR OK TX LA
- Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. – prairie rosinweed, prairie dock – IA MO AR MS AL GA SC NC VA WV TN KY OH IN IL WI MI NY ONT
- Silphium ternatum Sessé & Moc. – Mexico
- Silphium trifoliatum L. – whorled rosinweed – AL GA IN KY MD NC SC OH PA VA WV
- Silphium wasiotense M.Medley – Appalachian rosinweed – KY TN
- Silphium integrifolium.jpg
Silphium integrifolium (rosinweed) flowers
- Silphium laciniatum leaves (9292304354).jpg
Silphium laciniatum (compass plant) leaves
- Durchwachsene Silphie (Silphium perfoliatum) [email protected]
Silphium perfoliatum (cup plant) flowers in Lower Saxony, Germany
- Silphium terebinthinaceum leaves.jpg
Silphium terebinthinaceum (prairie dock) leaves
Formerly includedEdit
Numerous species are now regarded as members of the genera Berlandiera and Verbesina.<ref name="Global Compositae Checklist" />
See alsoEdit
- Genus Calycadenia – the western rosinweeds