Smolensk Oblast

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox Russian federal subject

Smolensk Oblast (Template:Langx), informally also called Smolenshchina (Template:Langx),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative centre is the city of Smolensk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 888,421.<ref name="2021Census">Template:Ru-pop-ref</ref>

GeographyEdit

File:Деревня Борешино под Смоленском.JPG

Roslavlsky old tract, the village of Boreshino

The oblast was founded on 27 September 1937.<ref name="ATS1981">Исполнительный комитет Смоленского областного совета народных депутатов. Государственный архив Смоленской области. "Административно-территориальное устройство Смоленской области. Справочник", изд. "Московский рабочий", Москва 1981. Стр. 8</ref> It borders Pskov Oblast in the north, Tver Oblast in the northeast, Moscow Oblast in the east, Kaluga Oblast in south, Bryansk Oblast in the southwest, and Mogilev and Vitebsk Oblasts of Belarus, in the west and northwest, as part of the Belarus–Russia border.

HydrographyEdit

The main river of the region is the Dnieper River and its tributaries, Desna, Vop, Vyazma. By the rivers of the Volga basin and its tributary Vazuza Gzhat and tributary of the Oka river, Ugra. To the north-west flows a short section of the Western Dvina River and its tributary river Kasplya .

Among the major reservoirs supplying water are Moscow Vazuzssky Yauza and reservoirs in the north-east, as well as cooling power plants, Smolensk reservoir in the north near the village of Lake and Desnogorsk Reservoir in the south area of the city near the Desnogorsk.

ClimateEdit

The climate of Smolensk Oblast is humid continental, similar to the climate of Moscow Oblast, but slightly warmer in winter due to being located further west. Summers are short, warm and rainy, while winters are long, cold and snowy. Average temperatures range from Template:Convert in January to Template:Convert in July (although in the south it ranges from Template:Convert in January to Template:Convert in July). Annual precipitation varies from Template:Convert per year.

PoliticsEdit

File:Budynek przy głównym placu w Smoleńsku - kwiecień 2013.jpg

Building of the Oblast Administration

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Smolensk CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.

The Charter of Smolensk Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Smolensk is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia. From July 1941-September 1943 part of region fell to Germany.

Administrative divisionsEdit

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File:Smolensk admin divisions.png

Administrative divisions of Smolensk Oblast

Smolensk Oblast is divided into 25 districts (raions) and two cities, which are further divided into 15 towns, 12 urban-type settlements, and 302 rural okrugs.

DemographicsEdit

Template:Historical populations Population: Template:Ru-census

Vital statistics for 2024:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Births: 4,931 (5.7 per 1,000)
Deaths: 13,153 (15.3 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2024):<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1.05 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021):<ref name="rosstat">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Total — 68.00 years (male — 63.28, female — 72.83)

Ethnic composition (2010):<ref name="2010Census">Template:Ru-pop-ref</ref>

Russians: 94.6%
Ukrainians: 1.3%
Belarusians: 1.3%
Armenians: 0.5%
Others: 2.3%
41,457 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ReligionEdit

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According to a 2012 survey<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas"/> 19.5% of the population of Smolensk Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 7% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 3% are Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to church or belong to other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches, 2% are Old Believers, 1% are adherents of the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) movement, 0.4% are members of the Catholic Church. In addition, 45% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 13% is atheist, and 9.1% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas"/>

EconomyEdit

Smolensk Oblast has a diverse economy, and exports large amounts of ammonium nitrate, fertilizers, wheat, and wood. The top exports in 2021 were fertilizers (19.2%, $284M), wood products (13.2%, $194M), wheat (9.8%, $144M), and machinery (7.6%, $112M).

Notable peopleEdit

Isaac Asimov (1920–1992), an American writer and professor of biochemistry, born in Petrovichi
Yuri Gagarin (1934–1968), a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut and the first man in space, born in Klushino
Shmuel Schneersohn (1834–1882) an Orthodox rabbi, born in Lyubavichi
Ivan Sidorenko (1919–1994) a Red Army officer and sniper, born in Glinkovsky District
Andrey Nikolayevich Tikhonov (1906–1993) a Russian mathematician and geophysicist, born in Gagarin
Mikhail Tukhachevsky (1893–1937) nicknamed the Red Napoleon by foreign newspapers, a Soviet general

ReferencesEdit

CitationsEdit

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General sourcesEdit

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External linksEdit

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¹Considered by most of the international community to be part of Ukraine.

²Administratively subordinated to Tyumen Oblast.

³Administratively subordinated to Arkhangelsk Oblast.

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