Sofala Province
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}}Template:Main other Sofala {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is a province of Mozambique. It has a population of 2,259,248 (2017 census).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Beira is the capital of the province, named for the ruined port of Sofala which is Template:Convert to the south.
HistoryEdit
Portuguese landholder and imperialist Template:Interlanguage link established a base at the river mouth at what is now Beira in 1884.<ref name="LP"/>
Sofala Province is one of the strongholds of the RENAMO.<ref name="LP"/> In late 1978 RENAMO guerrillas were "ranging into Sofala Province and launching attacks along the Beira–Chimoio road and rail line, the Dondo–Inhaminga corridor".<ref name="Emerson2014">Template:Cite book</ref> Some of the more scarcely populated areas of the province are affected by landmines; defensive rings around villages were still common in some rural areas according to mid 1990s reports by Oxfam.<ref name="RobertsWilliams1995">Template:Cite book</ref>
In March 2019, the province was severely affected by Cyclone Idai, with its capital city of Beira being largely destroyed.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The flooding resulting from this storm was widespread throughout the province and the rest of Central Mozambique.<ref name="Leahy">Template:Cite news</ref>
DemographicsEdit
Template:Historical populations
GeographyEdit
Sofala Province, in central-eastern Mozambique, covers an area of Template:Convert. The province is bordered to the north by Tete Province, to the northeast by Zambezia Province, to the south by Inhambane Province, and to the west by Manica Province. Rivers flowing through the province include the Chiveve River, the Buzi River, the Save River, which flows along the Inhambane provincial border, and the Púnguè River, which flows into the sea at Beira. On the Urema River, a tributary of the Púnguè, the river forms the lagoon which are home to hundreds of hippopotamus.<ref name="Bermudes1964">Template:Cite book</ref> The valleys of the province are subject to flooding; in late January 2012, unusually heavy rain caused widespread flooding along the banks of the Púnguè and the Save, and other major rivers in Africa such as the Zambezi and Limpopo, leading over 100,000 people in total to be evacuated.<ref name="Inc.2012">Template:Cite book</ref>
Gorongosa National Park, at the southern end of the Great African Rift Valley, covers several thousand square kilometres, including the valley floor and parts of surrounding forested plateaus,<ref name="Wilson2014"/> which contain miombo and montane forests. The park contains the Template:Convert Mount Gorongosa, a mountain which is considered sacred to the people of the country.<ref name="Wilson2014">Template:Cite book</ref> On the eastern slope of the mountain is a number of vegetation zones according to elevation, and there are numerous limestone caves in the vicinity.<ref name="Wilson2014"/>
DistrictsEdit
Sofala Province is divided into the 13 districts of:
- Beira District
- Buzi District
- Caia District
- Chemba District
- Cheringoma District
- Chibabava District
- Dondo District
- Gorongosa District
- Marromeu District
- Machanga District
- Maringué District
- Muanza District
- Nhamatanda District
EconomyEdit
The city of Beira, the provincial capital and Mozambique's second-largest city and the busiest port in the country, plays a key role in the local economy. Principal exports include ores, tobacco, food products, cotton, hides and skins, with the chief imports including fertilizers, equipment and textiles, liquid fuels and wheat.<ref name="JohnsonDemetriades2011"/> The Mozambique Company had their headquarters in Beira, during the building of the railway across the country.<ref name="LP"/> Many buildings remain from the colonial period, it is "as famed for its seafood as for its tawdry nightlife".<ref name="LP">Template:Cite book</ref> The Makuti Lighthouse of Beira was built in 1904.<ref name="LP"/> The oil trade has been important to the regional economy, with Beira connected by pipeline to Zimbabwe in 1960. The port of Beira is crucial for the trade in oil involving Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia and Congo.<ref name="JohnsonDemetriades2011">Template:Cite book</ref> In the 21st century, agricultural productivity in the province has shown significant improvement, reducing poverty.<ref name="JohnsonDemetriades2011"/> The Austrian Development Cooperation has played a major role in investment in the province.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>