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Spandau

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Template:About Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox German location Spandau ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is the westernmost of the 12 boroughs ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) of Berlin, situated at the confluence of the Havel and Spree rivers and extending along the western bank of the Havel. It is the smallest borough by population, but the fourth largest by land area.

OverviewEdit

Modern industries in Spandau include metalworking, and chemical and electrical factories. BMW Motorrad's Spandau factory made all BMW's motorcycles from 1969 until final assembly plants were added in Rayong, Thailand, in 2000, and Manaus, Brazil, in 2016.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, Spandau's seat of government, was built in 1913. Other landmarks include the Renaissance-era Spandau Citadel, the 1848 St. Marien am Behnitz Catholic church designed by August Soller, and Spandau arsenal. That arsenal's Spandau machine gun inspired the slang Spandau Ballet to describe dying soldiers on barbed wire during the First World War, and later was applied to the appearance of Nazi war criminals at Spandau Prison.Template:Citation needed In 1979, the English New Romantic band Spandau Ballet again re-purposed the term for its name.

HistoryEdit

The history of Spandau begins in the 7th century or 8th century, when the Slav Heveller first settled in the area and later built a fortress there. It was conquered in 928 by the German King Henry I, but returned to Slavic rule after the rebellion of 983.

In 1156, the Ascanian Earl Albrecht von Ballenstedt ("Albrecht the Bear") took possession of the region. 1197 marked the first mention as Spandowe in a deed of Otto II, Margrave of Brandenburg – thus forty years earlier than the Cölln part of medieval Berlin. Spandau was given city rights in 1232.

File:SpandauStreet.jpg
Old Town and Saint Nikolai Church

During Ascanian rule the construction of Spandau Citadel began, which was completed between 1559 and 1594 by Joachim II of Brandenburg. In 1558 the village of Gatow became part of Spandau. In 1634, during the Thirty Years' War, Spandau was surrendered to the Swedes. In 1689, a commune of French Huguenots and Waldensians was established.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In 1806, after the Battle of Jena and Auerstedt, French troops under Napoleon took possession of the city and stayed there until 1807. In 1812, Napoleon returned, and the Citadel was besieged the following year by Prussian and Russian troops.

From 1849 the poet and revolutionary Gottfried Kinkel was an inmate of Spandau town prison, until he was freed by his friend Carl Schurz in the night of 6 November 1850.

Before World War I, Spandau was a seat of large government cannon foundries, factories for making gunpowder and other munitions of war, making it a centre of the arms industry in the German Empire. It was also a garrison town with numerous barracks, home of the 5th Guard Infantry Brigade and the 5th Guard Foot Regiment of the German Army. In 1920, Spandau (whose name had been changed from Spandow in 1878) was incorporated into Greater Berlin as a borough.

During World War II, Spandau was the location of a subcamp of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, mostly for Polish and Hungarian women.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

After World War II, it was part of the British sector of West Berlin. Spandau Prison, which had been rebuilt in 1876, was used to house Nazi war criminals given custodial sentences at the Nuremberg Trials. After the death of Spandau Prison's last inmate, Rudolf Hess, in 1987, it was completely demolished by the Allied powers and later replaced by a shopping mall.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Gatow airfield, in the south of the district, was used by the Royal Air Force during the post-war Allied occupation, most notably during the Berlin Airlift. Since 1995 the airfield has been the Gatow Museum of Military History.

GeographyEdit

Outside Berlin, Spandau borders the districts ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) of Oberhavel to the north, and Havelland to the west, and the city of Potsdam, Brandenburg, to the southwest. Within Berlin, it borders the boroughs of Steglitz-Zehlendorf to the south, Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf to the east, and Reinickendorf to the northeast. Its land area of Template:Cvt is the fourth-largest of the twelve boroughs.

SubdivisionsEdit

File:Berlin Spandau.svg
Subdivisions of Spandau

Spandau Borough is divided into nine quarters ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}):

DemographicsEdit

As of 2010, Spandau had a population of 223,962, the smallest of the twelve boroughs of Berlin. 62,000 of those were migrants or other non-ethnic Germans, comprising 27% of Spandau's population.<ref name="statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Percentage of people with migration background<ref name="statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de"/>
Germans without migration background/non-migrants 165,000 (73%)
Germans with migration background or foreign citizens 62,000 (27%)
Middle Eastern origin (Turkey, Arab League, Iran etc.) 20,400 (9%)
(non-German) EU-European migration background (esp. Poles, Romanians etc.) 13,600 (6%)
African background/Afro-Germans (Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon etc.) 7,000 (3%)
Others (East Asians, Russians, Serbs etc.) 20,400 (9%)

PoliticsEdit

District councilEdit

The governing body of Spandau is the district council (Bezirksverordnetenversammlung). It has responsibility for passing laws and electing the city government, including the mayor. The most recent district council election was held on 26 September 2021, and the results were as follows:

Template:Election table ! colspan=2| Party ! Lead candidate ! Votes ! % ! +/− ! Seats ! +/− |- | bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | align=left| Carola Brückner | 31,250 | 27.7 | Template:Decrease 5.5 | 17 | Template:Decrease 3 |- | bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | align=left| Frank Bewig | 30,714 | 27.2 | Template:Increase 1.5 | 16 | ±0 |- | bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left| Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | align=left| Elmas Wieczorek-Hahn | 13,460 | 11.9 | Template:Increase 4.3 | 7 | Template:Increase 3 |- | bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | align=left| Andreas Otti | 11,516 | 10.2 | Template:Decrease 5.8 | 6 | Template:Decrease 3 |- | bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | align=left| Matthias Unger | 8,464 | 7.5 | Template:Increase 1.1 | 4 | Template:Increase 1 |- | bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left| The Left (LINKE) | align=left| Lars Leschewitz | 6,104 | 5.4 | Template:Decrease 0.2 | 3 | ±0 |- | bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left| Tierschutzpartei | align=left| Aida Spiegeler Castañeda | 5,063 | 4.5 | New | 2 | New |- | colspan=8 bgcolor=lightgrey| |- | bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left| Die PARTEI | align=left| | 2,235 | 2.0 | Template:Increase 0.4 | 0 | ±0 |- | bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left| dieBasis | align=left| | 1,743 | 1.5 | New | 0 | New |- | | align=left| We are Berlin | align=left| | 1,222 | 1.1 | New | 0 | New |- | | align=left| Voter Initiative Social Spandau | align=left| | 677 | 0.6 | Template:Decrease 0.8 | 0 | ±0 |- | bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left| Ecological Democratic Party | align=left| | 296 | 0.3 | New | 0 | New |- | bgcolor=Template:Party color| | align=left| Liberal Conservative Reformers | align=left| | 138 | 0.1 | New | 0 | New |- ! colspan=3| Valid votes ! 112,882 ! 98.6 ! ! ! |- ! colspan=3| Invalid votes ! 1,577 ! 1.4 ! ! ! |- ! colspan=3| Total ! 114,459 ! 100.0 ! ! 55 ! ±0 |- ! colspan=3| Electorate/voter turnout ! 177,874 ! 64.3 ! Template:Increase 5.0 ! ! |- | colspan=8| Source: Elections Berlin |}

District governmentEdit

The district mayor (Bezirksbürgermeister) is elected by the Bezirksverordnetenversammlung, and positions in the district government (Bezirksamt) are apportioned based on party strength. Carola Brückner of the SPD was elected mayor on 4 November 2021. Since the 2021 municipal elections, the composition of the district government is as follows:

Councillor Party Portfolio
Carola Brückner bgcolor=Template:Party color| SPD District Mayor
Staff, Finance, Logistics and Economic Development
Frank Bewig bgcolor=Template:Party color| CDU Deputy Mayor
Education, Culture and Sport
Thorsten Schatz bgcolor=Template:Party color| CDU Construction, Planning and Environment
Gregor Kempert bgcolor=Template:Party color| SPD Social Affairs and Civil Service
Oliver Gellert bgcolor=Template:Party color| GRÜNE Youth and Health
Vacant bgcolor=Template:Party color| AfD Public Order
Source: Berlin.de

SportsEdit

The Wasserfreunde Spandau 04 have traditionally been an immensely powerful water polo team. They have been the most successful ball sports team in Europe with 85 national and international titles.<ref>Wasserball-Bundesliga-Mannschaft der Männer spandau04.de. Accessed 17 March 2022.Template:In lang</ref> Hagen Stamm, longtime captain of the team, was German champion fourteen times in a row from 1979 to 1992, and winner of the German cup twelve times and won the European Cup in 1982, 1985, 1986 and 1989. He is currently the president of the association (as of 2020). The team's home games do not take place in the district, but in the Sportzentrum Schöneberg. For 2027, the team plans to move to the then newly constructed arena in Spandau.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1939, LSV Spandau won the title of the first German basketball championship, which was won by a clear 47:16 victory over Bad Kreuznach. After 1945, the association was dissolved.

Notable peopleEdit

Twin towns – sister citiesEdit

Template:See also Spandau is twinned with:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Div col

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See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

  • Zeller, Frederic (1989). When Time Ran Out: Coming of Age in the Third Reich. London: W H Allen. Template:ISBN.

External linksEdit

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Template:Boroughs of Berlin Template:Former Boroughs of Berlin Template:Authority control

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