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Stephen Pearl Andrews

Article Discussion

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Stephen Pearl Andrews (March 22, 1812 – May 21, 1886) was an American libertarian socialist, individualist anarchist, linguist, political philosopher, and outspoken abolitionist.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref>

LifeEdit

Andrews was born on March 22, 1812 in Templeton, Massachusetts.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> His father, Elisha Andrews, was a Baptist clergyman and revivalist.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> He graduated from the Classics department at Amherst College.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He studied law and was admitted to the state bar in 1833.<ref name=":2" /> He moved to New Orleans where he became a wealthy lawyer and slaveowner.<ref name=":0" /> He was converted by abolitionism and became an abolitionist leader.<ref name=":0" />

He moved to Houston, Texas in 1839.<ref name=":2" /> He was a prominent advocate for abolitionism in the Republic of Texas and an active member of the Liberty Party.<ref name=":0" /> Andrews was mobbed for his abolitionist rhetoric in Texas, prompting him to leave the state in 1843 for England.<ref name=":2" /> In England, he sought funds to buy slaves in the United States in order to free them.<ref name=":1" />

By the end of the 1840s, Andrews began to focus his energies on utopian communities. Fellow individualist anarchist Josiah Warren was responsible for Andrew's conversion to radical individualism and in 1851 they established Modern Times in Brentwood, New York. He was elected an Associate Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1846.<ref name="AAAS">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1857, Andrews established the Unitary Homes on East 14 St. and Stuyvesant St. in New York City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Andrews was a supporter of the woman suffrage movement.<ref name=":2" />

ThoughtEdit

In the 1870s, Andrews promoted Joseph Rodes Buchanan's psychometry besides his own universology predicting that a priori derived knowledge would supersede empirical science as exact science.<ref>"A discourse on Seven Sciences.; Cerebral Physiology, Cerebral Psychology, Sarcognomy, Psychometry, Pneumatology, Pathology, and Cerebral Pathology". The New York Times. March 17, 1878. Retrieved March 31, 2019.</ref> Andrews was also considered a leader in the religious movement of spiritualism.<ref name=":1">"Stephen Pearl Andrews.; Death of the Well Known Abolitionist, Philosopher, and Linguist". The New York Times. May 23, 1886. Retrieved March 31, 2019.</ref> Anarcho-syndicalist Rudolf Rocker called Andrews a significant exponent of libertarian socialism in the United States.<ref>Rocker, Rudolf (1949). Pioneers of American Freedom. New York: J. J. Little and Ives Co. pp. 85.</ref>

Andrews' individualist anarchism is a form of economic mutualism.<ref>Martin, James J. (1970). Men Against the State. Colorado Springs: Ralph Myles Publisher. p. 44.</ref>

Personal lifeEdit

In 1835, he married Mary Ann Gordon, with whom he had four children.<ref name=":2" /> He died at the residence of his son in New York City on May 21, 1886.<ref name=":1" />

WorksEdit

  • The Phonographic Reader: A Complete Course of Inductive Reading Lessons in Phonography (1846), with Augustus Boyle
  • Cost the Limit of Price (1851)
  • The true Constitution of Government in the Sovereignty of the Individual (1851)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

NotesEdit

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Further readingEdit

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External linksEdit

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