Studebaker Avanti
Template:Short description Template:See also Template:Use mdy dates
The Studebaker Avanti is a personal luxury coupe<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> manufactured and marketed by Studebaker Corporation between June 1962 and December 1963. A halo car for the maker,<ref name=cms>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> it was marketed as "America's only four-passenger high-performance personal car."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Described as "one of the more significant milestones of the postwar industry",<ref name=hendrym>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Rp the Raymond Loewy-designed car offered safety features and high-speed performance. Called "the fastest production car in the world" upon its introduction, a modified Avanti reached over Template:Convert<ref name=cms/> with its supercharged Template:Convert R3 engine at the Bonneville Salt Flats. In all, it broke 29 world speed records at the Bonneville Salt Flats.<ref name=cms/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Following Studebaker's discontinuation of the model, a succession of five ventures manufactured and marketed derivatives of the Avanti model through 2006. These ventures licensed intellectual property and, in some cases procured parts, through arrangements with the successors to the Studebaker assets.
NameEdit
Studebaker's advertising agency provided the name Avanti.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In Italian it means "forward"<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> or "onward".
DesignEdit
.jpg){kind=link}
The Avanti was developed at the direction of Studebaker president, Sherwood Egbert, who took over in February 1961.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Full citation needed</ref> The car's design theme was "allegedly doodled by Egbert on the proverbial back of an envelope during an airplane flight."<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Egbert's 'doodle' was to answer Ford's Thunderbird and an attempt to improve the automaker's sagging performance.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Designed by Raymond Loewy's team of Tom Kellogg, Bob Andrews, and John Ebstein on a 40-day crash program, the Avanti featured a radical fiberglass body mounted on a modified Studebaker Lark 109-inch convertible chassis and powered by a modified 289 Hawk engine. A Paxton supercharger was offered as an option.<ref>Template:Cite bookTemplate:Full citation needed</ref>
In eight days the stylists finished a "clay scale model with two different sides: one a two-place sports car, the other a four-seat GT coupe."<ref name="Designing">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Tom Kellogg, a young California stylist hired for this project by Loewy, "felt it should be a four-seat coupe."<ref name="Designing"/> "Loewy envisioned a low-slung, long-hood-short-deck semi-fastback coupe with a grilleless nose and a wasp-waisted curvature to the rear fenders, suggesting a supersonic aircraft."<ref name="unlikely">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The Avanti's complex body shape "would have been both challenging and prohibitively expensive to build in steel"<ref name="unlikely"/> with Studebaker electing to mold the exterior panels in glass-reinforced plastic (fiberglass), outsourcing the work to Molded Fiberglass Body in Ashtabula, Ohio — the same company that built the fiberglass panels for the Chevrolet Corvette in 1953.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The Avanti featured front disc-brakes that were British Dunlop designed units, made under license by Bendix,<ref>Template:Cite bookTemplate:Full citation needed</ref> "the first American production model to offer them." It was one of the first bottom breather designs where air enters from under the front of the vehicle rather than via a conventional grille above the front bumper, a design feature much more common after the 1980s.
LaunchEdit
The Avanti was publicly introduced on April 26, 1962,<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Full citation needed</ref> "simultaneously at the New York International Automobile Show and at the Annual Shareholders' Meeting."<ref>Template:Cite reportTemplate:Full citation needed</ref> Rodger Ward, winner of the 1962 Indianapolis 500, received a Studebaker Avanti as part of his prize package,<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Full citation needed</ref> "thus becoming the first private owner of an Avanti."<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Full citation needed</ref> A Studebaker Lark convertible was the Indianapolis pace car that year and the Avanti was named the honorary pace car.
In December 1962 the Los Angeles Times reported: "Launching of operations at Studebaker's own fiber-glass body works to increase the production of Avantis."<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Full citation needed</ref> Many production problems concerning the supplier, fit, and finish resulted in delays and cancelled orders.
Egbert planned to sell 20,000 Avantis in 1962, but could build only 1,200.<ref name=hendrym/>Template:Rp
End of productionEdit
After the closure of Studebaker's factory on December 20, 1963, Competition Press reported: "Avantis will no longer be manufactured and contrary to the report that there are thousands gathering dust in South Bend warehouses, Studebaker has only five Avantis left. Dealers have about 2,500, and 1,600 have been sold since its introduction."<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Full citation needed</ref> This contrasted with Chevrolet which produced 23,631 Corvette sports cars in 1963.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to the book My Father The Car written about Stu Chapman, Studebaker Corporation's Advertising & Public Relations Department head in Canada, Studebaker seriously considered reintroducing the Avanti into Studebaker showrooms in 1965/66 after production resumed in 1965 via Studebaker-Packard dealership owners Newman & Altman.
SuccessionEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The Avanti name, tooling, and plant space were sold to two South Bend, Indiana, Studebaker dealers, Nate Altman and Leo Newman.<ref name="sold">Template:Cite book</ref> They reintroduced a slightly modified hand-built version of the original Avanti using leftover Studebaker chassis and engines from General Motors.<ref name="sold"/> There was no connection with the Studebaker brand name.<ref name="sold"/>
RevivalEdit
Following Altman and Newman's effort, a succession of additional entrepreneurs purchased the tooling and name to manufacture small numbers of increasingly modified variants of the car, including the Avanti II, through 2006.
Avanti Owners AssociationEdit
The Avanti Owners Association International is an active association with nearly 2,000 members worldwide and meeting yearly in various cities in the United States and in Switzerland. Members of the not-for-profit organization receive the full-color quarterly "Avanti Magazine" publication, published since the organization's founding in 1965.
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Avanti Owners Association International homepage
- The Studebaker Drivers Club homepage
- Website for the Loewy estate
- Official Raymond Loewy website
- Archived website of the last Avanti Motors Corp. as of December 2006
- The Unlikely Studebaker: Raymond Loewy and the Birth (and Rebirth) of the Avanti
- Martin, Douglas. Thomas W. Kellogg, 71; A Studebaker Avanti Designer Obituary in The New York Times, 19 August 2003