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Swan Hunter

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File:World Unicorn, built by Swan Hunter 1973.jpg
World Unicorn, built by Swan Hunter at the Wallsend shipyard, Tyneside, in 1973.
File:Tanker Ottawa Launch, 1964.jpg
Tanker Ottawa launch, Wallsend shipyard, circa 1964

Swan Hunter, formerly known as Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, is a shipbuilding design, engineering, and management company,<ref name=History>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> based in Wallsend, Tyne and Wear, England.

At its apex, the company represented the combined forces of three powerful shipbuilding families: Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson.

The company was responsible for some of the greatest ships of the early 20th century, most famously Template:RMS which held the Blue Riband for the fastest crossing of the Atlantic, and Template:RMS which rescued survivors from Template:RMS.

In 2006 Swan Hunter ceased vessel construction on Tyneside, but continues to provide design engineering services.

HistoryEdit

Swan & Hunter was founded by George Burton Hunter, who formed a partnership with the widow of Charles Sheridan Swan (the owner of a Wallsend Shipbuilding business established in 1852 by Charles Mitchell)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> under the name in 1880.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1903, C.S. Swan & Hunter merged with Wigham Richardson (founded by John Wigham Richardson as Neptune Works in 1860), specifically to bid for the important contract to build Template:Ship on behalf of Cunard.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Their bid was successful, and the new company, Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd, went on to build what was to become, in its day, the most famous oceangoing liner in the world. Also in 1903, the Company took a controlling interest in the Wallsend Slipway & Engineering Company, which was an early licensed manufacturer of Parsons steam turbine engines, which enabled Mauretania to achieve her great speed.<ref name=page4>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Mauretania was launched from Wallsend on 20 September 1906 by the Duchess of Roxburghe.<ref>Maxtone-Graham, John (1972), Page 25, The Only Way to Cross. New York: Collier Books, Template:ISBN</ref> The firm expanded rapidly in the early part of the twentieth century, acquiring the Glasgow-based Barclay Curle in 1912.<ref name=page4/>

In 1966, Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson merged with Smiths Dock Company to form Associated Shipbuilders, which later became Swan Hunter Group.<ref name=dates>Fears for Tyneside tradition as Swan Hunter ship is towed to Govan for completion Guardian, 15 July 2006</ref> Following the publication of the Geddes Report recommending rationalisation in British shipbuilding, the Company went on to acquire Clelands Shipbuilding Company<ref name=arc>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and John Readhead & Sons in 1967.<ref name=page5>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Meanwhile, Swan Hunter inherited both the Naval Yard at High Walker on the River Tyne of Vickers-Armstrongs<ref name=arc/> and the Hebburn Yard of Hawthorn Leslie in 1968.<ref name=page5/> In 1973 further expansion came with the purchase of Palmers Dock at Hebburn from Vickers-Armstrongs.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Then in 1977, Swan Hunter Group was nationalised as part of British Shipbuilders.<ref name=dates/> The former flagship of the Royal Navy, Template:HMS was built at Swan Hunter during this period, entering service in 1985.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Company was privatised again in 1987 but decided to close its Neptune Yard in 1988.<ref>Royal Navy Ship may bring work for 100's Evening Chronicle, 30 August 2008</ref> It was then forced to call in the receivers when the UK government awarded the contract for Template:HMS to Kvaerner Govan in 1993.<ref>Duce, Richard (1993-05-12). "Barrow ship order dismays Tyneside". The Times (Times Newspapers).</ref> The receiver took steps to break up the business.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, the main shipyard in Wallsend was bought out from receivership by Jaap Kroese, a Dutch millionaire.<ref name=dates/> The yard subsequently undertook several ad-hoc ship repair and conversion projects for private-sector customers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

File:Swan hunter cranes 20070319 crop.jpg
A view of the Wallsend shipyard shortly after its closure

In 2000, Swan Hunter was awarded the contract to design and build two (Auxiliary) Landing Ship Dock ships for the Royal Fleet Auxiliary with two other ships being built by BAE Systems Naval Ships: the cost of the two Swan Hunter ships was to be £210 million including £62 million for lead yard services, with an inservice date of 2004.<ref>Ministry of Defence Annual Report and Accounts 2004-05: Sixth Report of session 2005-06. Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Defence Committee. Page 29. 2006</ref> By July 2006, the costs had risen to £309 million and only one ship had been delivered. As a result of this, the second ship Template:Ship was transferred to BAE Systems Govan in Glasgow for completion.<ref>Lyme Bay gets going at Govan Maritime Journal, 1 April 2007</ref>

In 2001, Swan Hunter acquired Kværner's Port Clarence offshore yard at Teesside<ref>Shipbuilder Swan's sells Teesside yard Template:Webarchive The Journal, 13 April 2006</ref> but then in 2006 sold it to Wilton Engineering Group.<ref>Ten years ago Port Clarence was an empty shell - now it's a hive of activity Evening Gazette, 27 May 2008</ref>

In November 2006, after the failure to complete Lyme Bay within budget and resulting exclusion from future Royal Navy shipbuilding projects, Jaap Kroese announced that the business was effectively finished and placed the Wallsend Yard's iconic cranes up for sale. He also said that he was actively looking for a buyer for the land.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During this time, Lyme BayTemplate:'s earlier sister ship, Largs Bay, was noted as the last ship to be built and fully completed by Swan Hunter. In April 2007, Swan Hunter's cranes, along with its floating dock and other equipment, were sold to Bharati Shipyards, India's second-largest private-sector shipbuilder. The entire plant machinery and equipment from Swan Hunter was dismantled and transported to India over six months to be rebuilt at Bharati Shipyards.<ref>Bharati buys out UK shipyard major Swan Business Standard, 10 April 2007</ref>

Swan's performed the conceptual design of Pioneering Spirit, provisionally named Pieter Schelte, the world's largest platform installation/decommissioning and pipelay vessel. The basic design of the lifting systems was completed by the end of 2008, and detailed design of the hulls by May 2010.<ref name=development>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2008, the company said it was concentrating on ship design with just under 200 people employed.<ref name=History/><ref>People blame the MoD for Swan Hunter's decline, not me Evening Chronicle, 14 February 2008</ref>

In 2016, Jaap Kroese died but the company said it would continue with its business of ship design. At the time, the company had 40 employees and contractors.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Also in 2016, Swan Hunter was relaunched into the subsea industry by Gerard Kroese, the eldest son of former owner Jaap Kroese. Swan Hunter started to offer specialist equipment, design, engineering & project management services to the offshore renewables and subsea oil & gas energy markets.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 12 October 2016, the company announced the issue of a letter of intent for the design and build of a basket carousel loading tower.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The company announced further equipment pool growth through a 15Te tensioner and 450Te reel drive system.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Swan Hunter announced loading tower readiness on 5 May 2017<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> with completion of mobilisation onto EMAS Chiyoda Subsea's multi-lay vessel 'Lewek Constellation' shortly thereafter.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

OperationsEdit

The Company owned three main yards:

All three were on the north side of River Tyne. The company also owned the Wallsend Slipway & Engineering Company, the yard that built the engines for the Mauretania, from 1903 until the 1980s. At various times Swan Hunter also owned Palmers Hebburn Yard, Hawthorn Leslie Hebburn Yard and Readheads at South Shields which were all on the south side of the River Tyne.

Ships built by Swan HunterEdit

Template:Expand list Template:See also Template:Div col Naval vessels

Commercial vessels

  • Template:SS (1920)
  • Achiever (circa 1984)
  • Template:SS
  • Antarctic (1913)
  • Arawa (1907)
  • Ariosto (1940)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Atlantic Causeway (1969)
  • Atlantic Conveyor (1970)
  • Augustina (1927)
  • Aurania (1916)
  • Ascania (1911)
  • Badagry Palm (1) (1956)
  • Bamenda Palm (1) (1958)
  • Bello (1930)
  • British Admiral (1917)
  • British Character (1941)
  • British Coast (1919)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • British Colony (1927)
  • British Diligence (1937)
  • British Dominion (1928)
  • British Empress (1917)
  • British Endurance (1936)
  • British Fame (1936)
  • British Fusilier (1923)
  • British Governor (1926)
  • British Gratitude (1942)
  • British Grenadier (1922)
  • British Gunner (1922)
  • British Harmony (1941)
  • British Hussar (1923)
  • British Influence (1939)
  • Template:MV
  • British Petrol (1925)
  • British Pluck (1928)
  • British Resolution (1937)
  • British Respect (1943)
  • British Sailor (1918)
  • British Scout (1922)
  • British Star (1918)
  • British Tenacity (1939)
  • British Thrift (1928)
  • British Union (1927)
  • British Virtue (1945)
  • British Viscount (1921)
  • CA Larsen (1913)
  • RMS Carpathia (1902)
  • City of Canterbury (1922)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • City of Lyons (1926)
  • City of Oxford (1926)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Ghandara (circa 1976)
  • Ibadan Palm (1959)
  • Ikeja Palm (1961)
  • Ilesha Palm (1961)
  • Ilorin Palm (1959)
  • Inanda (1925)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Mitra (1912)
  • Moyra (1931)
  • Mytilus (1916)
  • Neverita (1944)
  • Nidarnes (1926)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Sir Parkes (1951)
  • South Africa (1930)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Spartan (1890)
  • Stephano (1965)
  • Toiler (1910)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Venezia (1907)
  • Template:SS
  • Vikingen III (1929)
  • Vistafjord (1972)
  • Template:SS (1938)
  • Waterford (1912)
  • SS Warrington (1886) For Manchester Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway – later Great Central Railway)
  • Zenda (1932)

Cable ships

  • Alert
  • All America
  • Ariel
  • Bullfinch
  • Bullfrog
  • Bullhead
  • Cambria
  • Colonia
  • Dominia
  • Edward Wilshaw
  • Emile Baudot
  • Guardian
  • Iris
  • John W. Mackay
  • Lord Kelvin
  • Marie Louise Mackay
  • Monarch
  • Pacific Guardian (1984)
  • Patrol
  • Recorder
  • Sir Eric Sharp (Launched 1988 – renamed CS IT Intrepid )
  • St. Margarets
  • Stanley Angwin
  • Telconia

Bulk Carrier

  • Hoegh Duke (1984)
  • Robkap IV (1977)
  • Liverpool Bridge Renamed to the MV Derbyshire (1976)

Research Vessels

Tankers

  • Shell Supplier (1946)
  • ARA Punta Médanos (1950)
  • Velutina (1950)
  • Velletia (1952)
  • Helix (1953)
  • Helcion (1954)
  • Heldia (1955)
  • Helisoma (1956)
  • Volvula (1956)
  • Llanishen (1957)
  • Zaphon (1957)
  • Varicella (1959)
  • Solen (1961)
  • Ottawa (1964)
  • Sir Winston Churchill (1964)
  • Clementine Churchill (1965)
  • Narica (1967)
  • Nacella (1968)
  • Esso Northumbria (1969)
  • Esso Hibernia (1970)
  • Faraday (1970) Liquified petroleum gas tanker
  • Texaco Great Britain (1971)
  • London Lion (1972)
  • Frank D. Moores (1973)
  • World Unicorn (1973)
  • Windsor Lion (1974)
  • Tyne Pride (1975)
  • Everett F. Wells (1976)
  • BP Achiever (1983)

Template:Div col end

Battleship PotemkinEdit

On 1 May 2006, British pop-duo Pet Shop Boys performed their soundtrack to the 1925 Soviet silent-film Battleship Potemkin alongside the Royal Northern Sinfonia at the shipyard.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

Further readingEdit

External linksEdit

Template:Sister project

Template:Coord Template:British shipbuilders evolution Template:Authority control

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