Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox place demographicsTemplate:Culture of Tanzania

Demographic features of the population of Tanzania include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.

The population distribution in Tanzania is extremely uneven. Most people live on the northern border or the eastern coast, with much of the remainder of the country being sparsely populated.<ref name="frame">"Economy", authored by Joseph Lake, in Africa South of the Sahara, edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge, 2013</ref>Template:Rp Density varies from Template:Convert in the Katavi Region to Template:Convert in Dar es Salaam.<ref name="2012 census"/>Template:Rp Approximately 70 percent of the population is rural, although this percentage has been declining since at least 1967.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Dar es Salaam is the de facto capital and largest city. Dodoma, located in the centre of Tanzania, is the de jure capital, although action to move government buildings to Dodoma has stalled.

The population consists of about 125 ethnic groups.<ref name=lev>Template:Cite book</ref> The Sukuma, Nyamwezi, Chagga, and Haya peoples have more than 1 million members each.<ref name="Otiso">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp

Over 100 languages are spoken in Tanzania, making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa.<ref name=sim/> Among the languages spoken in Tanzania are all four of Africa's language families: Bantu, Cushitic, Nilotic, and Khoisan.<ref name=sim/> Swahili and English are Tanzania's official languages.<ref name=sim>Template:Cite book</ref> Swahili belongs to the Bantu branch of the Niger-Congo family.<ref name="Ethnswh">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Sandawe people speak a language that may be related to the Khoe languages of Botswana and Namibia, while the language of the Hadzabe people, although it has similar click consonants, is arguably a language isolate.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The language of the Iraqw people is Cushitic.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Other languages are Indian languages and Portuguese (spoken by Goans and Mozambicans).

Non-Africans residing on the mainland and Zanzibar account for 1 percent of the total population. The Asian community including Hindus, Sikhs, Shi'a and Sunni Muslims, Parsis, and Goans, exceed 60,000. An estimated 70,000 Arabs and 20,000 Europeans (90 percent of which are from the British diaspora) reside in Tanzania. Over 100,000 people living in Tanzania are of Asian or European ancestry.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Based on 1999–2003 data, over 74,000 Tanzanian-born people were living in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, with 32,630 residing in the United Kingdom; 19,960 in Canada; 12,225 in the United States; 1,714 in Australia; 1,180 in the Netherlands; and 1,012 in Sweden.<ref name=OECD>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

PopulationEdit

File:Tanzania-demography.png
Demographics of Tanzania, Data of Our World in Data, year 2022; Number of inhabitants in millions.

According to the 2012 census, the total population was 44,928,923 compared to 12,313,469 in 1967,<ref name="2012 census">Population Distribution by Administrative Units, United Republic of Tanzania, 2013 Template:Webarchive</ref>Template:Rp resulting in an annual growth rate of 2.9 percent. The under 15 age group represented 44.1 percent of the population, with 35.5 percent being in the 15–35 age group, 52.2 percent being in the 15–64 age group, and 3.8 percent being older than 64.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

According to the 2012 revision of the World Population Prospects, children below the age of 15 constituted 44.8 percent of the total population, with 52.0 percent aged 15–64 and 3.1 percent aged 65 or older.<ref name="WPP 2012">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Total population<ref name="WPP 2012"/> Population aged 0–14 (%)<ref name="WPP 2012"/> Population aged 15–64 (%)<ref name="WPP 2012"/> Population aged 65+ (%)<ref name="WPP 2012"/>
1950 7,650,000 46.0 51.8 2.2
1955 8,741,000 45.7 52.0 2.3
1960 10,074,000 45.8 51.8 2.4
1965 11,683,000 45.8 51.7 2.4
1970 13,605,000 46.2 51.3 2.5
1975 15,978,000 46.4 51.1 2.6
1980 18,687,000 46.5 50.8 2.6
1985 21,850,000 46.4 51.0 2.7
1990 25,485,000 46.0 51.3 2.7
1995 29,944,000 45.3 51.9 2.8
2000 34,021,000 44.8 52.3 2.9
2005 38,824,000 44.6 52.4 3.0
2010 44,793,000 44.8 52.0 3.1

Template:GraphChart Template:GraphChart Template:GraphChart Template:GraphChart

Structure of the populationEdit

File:Tanzania-woman.jpg
Old Tanzanian woman in Arusha, 2008.

Structure of the population (01.07.2013) (Estimates) (Projections based on the 2002 Population Census.):<ref name="unstats.un.org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 23 267 957 23 864 623 47 132 580 100
0-4 4 191 004 4 121 103 8 312 107 17.64
5-9 3 608 891 3 551 955 7 160 846 15.19
10-14 2 735 494 2 728 687 5 464 181 11.59
15-19 2 494 983 2 490 960 4 985 943 10.58
20-24 2 179 173 2 160 970 4 340 143 9.21
25-29 1 730 600 1 754 007 3 484 607 7.39
30-34 1 289 114 1 563 083 2 852 197 6.05
35-39 1 207 182 1 394 428 2 601 610 5.52
40-44 1 032 605 1 088 697 2 121 302 4.50
45-49 770 149 797 868 1 568 017 3.33
50-54 604 621 629 580 1 234 201 2.62
55-59 422 141 459 343 881 484 1.87
60-64 347 604 387 334 734 938 1.56
65-69 223 365 243 517 466 882 0.99
70-74 179 960 207 795 387 755 0.82
75-79 115 076 130 796 245 872 0.52
80+ 135 995 154 500 290 495 0.62
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 10 535 389 10 401 745 20 937 134 44.42
15-64 12 078 172 12 726 270 24 804 442 52.63
65+ 654 396 736 608 1 391 004 2.95

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Projections based on the 2012 Population Census.): <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 28 229 599 29 408 029 57 637 628 100
0–4 4 972 289 4 878 738 9 851 027 17.09
5–9 4 013 263 3 968 953 7 982 216 13.85
10–14 3 582 899 3 568 790 7 151 689 12.41
15–19 3 014 118 3 041 114 6 055 232 10.51
20–24 2 656 362 2 674 122 5 330 484 9.25
25–29 2 042 003 2 333 256 4 375 259 7.59
30–34 1 642 384 1 971 517 3 613 901 6.27
35–39 1 464 246 1 732 225 3 196 471 5.55
40–44 1 241 782 1 330 290 2 572 072 4.46
45–49 1 032 732 1 113 792 2 146 524 3.72
50–54 758 908 762 341 1 521 249 2.64
55–59 605 139 713 099 1 318 238 2.29
60–64 411 344 406 728 818 072 1.42
65-69 312 655 351 895 664 550 1.15
70-74 199 196 211 801 410 997 0.71
75-79 141 944 180 717 322 661 0.56
80+ 138 335 168 651 306 986 0.53
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 12 568 451 12 416 481 24 984 932 43.35
15–64 14 869 018 16 078 484 30 947 502 53.69
65+ 792 130 913 064 1 705 194 2.96

Vital statisticsEdit

The Tanzanian Demographic and Health Survey 2010 estimated that the infant mortality rate for 2005–10 was 51.<ref name="DHS 2010"/> Registration of other vital events in Tanzania is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Mid-year population
(thousands)
Live births
(thousands)
Deaths
(thousands)
Natural change
(thousands)
Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate (TFR) Infant mortality (per 1000 births)
1950 7 632 365   168   197 47.7 22.0 25.8 6.49 145.0
1951   7 835   376   170   205 48.0 21.7 26.2 6.51 144.0
1952   8 045   387   174   213 48.1 21.7 26.5 6.53 143.1
1953   8 264   399   178   221 48.3 21.6 26.8 6.56 142.1
1954   8 490   411   182   229 48.5 21.4 27.0 6.58 141.2
1955   8 726   425   186   239 48.7 21.4 27.3 6.61 140.4
1956   8 970   439   191   248 48.9 21.3 27.6 6.65 139.7
1957   9 224   454   196   258 49.2 21.2 28.0 6.69 138.9
1958   9 488   467   201   266 49.2 21.1 28.1 6.70 138.1
1959   9 760   482   206   276 49.3 21.1 28.3 6.72 137.4
1960   10 042   496   211   285 49.4 21.0 28.4 6.73 136.6
1961   10 338   512   216   296 49.6 20.9 28.7 6.75 135.8
1962   10 645   528   221   307 49.6 20.8 28.8 6.76 134.9
1963   10 960   544   226   318 49.7 20.6 29.0 6.77 133.9
1964   11 290   560   231   329 49.6 20.4 29.2 6.78 132.7
1965   11 631   576   235   341 49.5 20.2 29.3 6.78 131.5
1966   11 982   593   239   354 49.5 20.0 29.5 6.79 130.1
1967   12 346   609   243   367 49.4 19.7 29.7 6.80 128.6
1968   12 740   628   245   383 49.4 19.2 30.1 6.84 127.1
1969   13 168   651   248   403 49.5 18.8 30.7 6.88 125.6
1970   13 618   675   252   423 49.7 18.5 31.1 6.91 124.0
1971   14 092   701   257   444 49.8 18.3 31.6 6.94 122.3
1972   14 596   725   262   463 49.8 18.0 31.8 6.95 120.5
1973   15 124   752   266   487 49.8 17.6 32.2 6.96 118.7
1974   15 671   781   272   510 49.9 17.4 32.6 7.00 116.7
1975   16 244   808   277   531 49.8 17.1 32.7 7.00 114.7
1976   16 839   832   281   551 49.5 16.7 32.8 6.99 112.6
1977   17 455   860   285   576 49.3 16.3 33.0 6.99 110.5
1978   18 080   887   289   598 49.1 16.0 33.1 6.98 108.7
1979   18 699   909   292   617 48.6 15.6 33.0 6.95 107.1
1980   19 298   930   297   632 48.1 15.4 32.7 6.91 106.2
1981   19 891   950   303   647 47.7 15.2 32.5 6.85 105.8
1982   20 500   973   311   663 47.4 15.1 32.3 6.80 105.8
1983   21 171   998   320   678 47.2 15.1 32.1 6.75 106.0
1984   21 857   1 017   329   688 46.5 15.1 31.4 6.67 106.1
1985   22 570   1 038   337   700 46.1 15.0 31.1 6.57 105.8
1986   23 324   1 059   345   714 45.4 14.8 30.6 6.48 105.0
1987   24 099   1 082   353   729 45.0 14.7 30.3 6.40 103.8
1988   24 844   1 110   360   749 44.6 14.5 30.1 6.37 102.5
1989   25 523   1 130   369   761 44.2 14.4 29.8 6.29 101.1
1990   26 206   1 149   380   769 43.8 14.5 29.3 6.20 99.9
1991   26 891   1 171   391   781 43.5 14.5 29.0 6.14 98.9
1992   27 581   1 190   404   787 43.1 14.6 28.5 6.08 98.2
1993   28 469   1 211   414   798 42.8 14.6 28.2 6.01 97.1
1994   29 598   1 250   426   824 42.5 14.5 28.0 5.93 96.2
1995   30 560   1 300   440   860 42.5 14.4 28.1 5.87 95.0
1996   31 141   1 334   450   884 42.5 14.3 28.2 5.85 93.4
1997   31 786   1 353   460   893 42.5 14.5 28.1 5.84 91.5
1998   32 626   1 386   464   922 42.4 14.2 28.2 5.79 88.7
1999   33 500   1 415   459   956 42.2 13.7 28.5 5.73 85.4
2000   34 464   1 453   457   996 42.1 13.3 28.9 5.69 81.6
2001   35 414   1 495   452   1 043 42.1 12.7 29.4 5.67 77.4
2002   36 354   1 525   447   1 078 41.9 12.3 29.6 5.62 73.1
2003   37 334   1 565   437   1 128 41.8 11.7 30.2 5.61 69.0
2004   38 361   1 613   433   1 179 42.0 11.3 30.7 5.61 65.4
2005   39 440   1 662   430   1 232 42.1 10.9 31.2 5.61 62.1
2006   40 562   1 696   428   1 269 41.7 10.5 31.2 5.56 59.2
2007   41 716   1 719   424   1 295 41.1 10.2 31.0 5.49 56.4
2008   42 871   1 748   422   1 325 40.7 9.8 30.8 5.43 54.0
2009   43 958   1 773   415   1 358 40.2 9.4 30.8 5.36 51.5
2010   45 111   1 795   401   1 394 39.7 8.9 30.8 5.29 49.5
2011   46 416   1 816   392   1 424 39.1 8.4 30.6 5.21 47.4
2012   47 786   1 833   382   1 451 38.3 8.0 30.3 5.10 45.5
2013   49 254   1 908   375   1 533 38.7 7.6 31.1 5.12 43.9
2014   50 815   1 978   369   1 609 38.9 7.3 31.6 5.12 42.2
2015   52 543   2 032   365   1 667 38.7 7.0 31.8 5.09 41.1
2016   54 402   2 086   361   1 725 38.4 6.7 31.7 5.03 39.8
2017   56 267   2 140   360   1 780 38.1 6.4 31.7 4.99 38.6
2018   58 090   2 181   359   1 822 37.5 6.2 31.3 4.92 37.3
2019   59 873   2 224   360   1 864 37.1 6.0 31.1 4.86 36.3
2020   61 705   2 262   381   1 881 36.7 6.2 30.5 4.80 35.3
2021   62 830   2 263   383   1 872 36.0 6.1 29.8 4.73 31.3
2022   64 712   2 306   378   1 890 35.6 5.8 29.2 4.67 30.1
2023 66 618 2 346   386 1 921 35.2 5.8 28.8 4.61 28.9

Life expectancyEdit

File:Life expectancy by WBG -Tanzania -diff.png
Life expectancy in Tanzania since 1960 by gender
Period citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

1950–1955 41.25
1955–1960 Template:Increase 43.03
1960–1965 Template:Increase 44.31
1965–1970 Template:Increase 45.83
1970–1975 Template:Increase 47.70
1975–1980 Template:Increase 49.90
1980–1985 Template:Increase 50.64
1985–1990 Template:Increase 50.86
1990–1995 Template:Decrease 49.61
1995–2000 Template:Decrease 50.06
2000–2005 Template:Increase 53.65
2005–2010 Template:Increase 58.82
2010–2015 Template:Increase 62.78
2020 Template:Increase 66.40
2021 Template:Decrease 66.20

Census Data and Demographic and Health SurveysEdit

Source:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Region 1967 (Population / Crude Birth Rate / Total Fertility Rate) 1978 (Population / Crude Birth Rate / Total Fertility Rate) 1988 (Population / Crude Birth Rate / Total Fertility Rate) 2002 (Population / Crude Birth Rate / Total Fertility Rate) 2012 (Population / Crude Birth Rate / Total Fertility Rate)
Tanzania, including Zanzibar 12,313,469 / 47 / 7.3 17,036,499 / 49 / 6.3 22,455,207 / 47 / 5.4 33,461,849 / 43 / 4.2 44,928,923 / /
Zanzibar 354,815 / 48 / 7.3 476,111 / 48 / 7.1 640,675 / 49 / 6.4 981,754 / 43 / 4.5 1,303,569 / /

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural) CBR (Zanzibar) TFR (Zanzibar)
1991-1992 42.8 6.25 (5.57) 42.1 5.14 43.0 6.59 (5.91)
1996 40.8 5.82 (5.1) 36.3 4.11 (3.5) 41.9 6.34 (5.5)
1999 41.4 5.55 (4.8) 34.4 3.16 (2.9) 43.5 6.48 (5.5)
2004-2005 42.4 5.7 (4.9) 34.6 3.6 (3.1) 44.8 6.5 (5.6) 38.0 5.3 (4.6)
2010 38.1 5.4 (4.7) 35.0 3.7 (3.3) 39.0 6.1 (5.3) 35,9 5.1 (4.8)
2015-16 37.2 5.2 (4.5) 35.1 3.8 (3.4) 38.1 6.0 (5.1) 36.3 5.1 (4.6)
2017 35.5 4.9 31.0 3.5 37.3 5.7 33.7 4.5
2022 33.8 4.8 (4.4) 31.9 3.6 (3.4) 34.6 5.5 (5.0) 33.8 4.7 (4.3)

Regional fertility ratesEdit

Fertility rates are estimated by Surveys (TDHS) and Census in different times. TDHS surveys estimated these fertility rates: 6.3 (1991–92), 5.8 (1996), 5.7 (2004–05), 5.4 (2010) and 2002 Census said 6.3 <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Region 1967<ref name="2002 Census">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

1978<ref name="2002 Census"/> 1988<ref name="2002 Census"/> 2006-09<ref name="DHS 2010">Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2010, Tanzania National Bureau of Standards, funding provided by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (Tanzania), Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Department for International Development (United Kingdom), World Health Organization/Zanzibar, United Nations Fund for Population Activities, United Nations Children's Fund, World Food Programme, United Nations Development Programme, and Irish Aids, technical assistance provided by ICF Macro through its MEASURE DHS programme, survey conducted 19 December 2010 to 23 May 2011, with results applying to the preceding three-year period Template:Webarchive</ref> citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Tanzania (country total) 7.3 6.3 5.4 5.4 4.9
Dodoma (capital) 7.6 6.2 5.9 6.0
Arusha 7.5 7.0 6.0 3.2
Kilimanjaro 8.9 7.5 5.8 3.4
Tanga 7.7 6.2 5.1 4.6
Morogoro 6.2 6.5 4.3 3.7
Pwani 5.8 6.1 5.4 3.8
Dar es Salaam 5.0 5.4 3.4 2.8
Lindi - 5.4 4.6 3.9
Mtwara 5.7 4.9 4.5 3.3
Ruvuma 7.1 6.1 5.0 3.7
Iringa 7.8 6.3 4.9 4.5
Mbeya 8.1 6.3 4.7 4.7
Singida 6.3 5.9 5.7 7.4
Tabora 6.7 6.0 5.4 6.9
Rukwa - 6.1 6.2 5.7
Kigoma 6.6 7.2 6.5 5.7
Shinyanga 8.7 6.9 6.3 5.5
Kagera 7.5 7.3 6.9 4.7
Mwanza 8.1 7.1 6.1 6.0
Mara 8.0 6.9 5.9 6.4
Manyara - - - 6.0
Njombe - - - 4.2
Simiyu - - - 7.6
Geita - - - 6.9
Katavi - - - 6.7
Songwe - - - 5.4
Tanzania Mainland 7.3 6.3 5.4 5.4 4.9
North Unguja - 7.1 7.0 4.5
South Unguja - 6.2 6.5 3.2
Urban West - 6.1 5.2 3.6
North Pemba - 8.3 6.9 6.3
South Pemba - 8.2 7.6 5.5
Tanzania Zanzibar 7.3 7.1 6.4 5.1 4.5

Ethnic groupsEdit

File:Sukump1.jpg
The Bantu Sukuma are Tanzania's largest ethnic group.

mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African. Around 100,000 people living in Tanzania are from Europe or Asia.

LanguagesEdit

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|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ReligionEdit

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Most Tanzanians are nowadays Christians and Muslims. The numerical relationship between followers of the two religions is regarded as politically sensitive and questions about religious affiliation have not been included in census questionnaires since 1967.

For many years estimates have been repeated that about a third of the population each follows Islam, Christianity and traditional religions.<ref>So repeated here: {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As there is likely no longer such a large percentage of traditional religionists,<ref>note continued adherence to traditional beliefs also among Christians and Muslims:"(In Tanzania) more than half the people surveyed believe that sacrifices to ancestors or spirits can protect them from harm." see Pew report Christians and Muslims in Subsaharan Africa (2010)</ref> a range of competing estimates has been published giving one side or the other a large share or trying to show equal shares.

Estimates from the Pew Report Islam and Christianity (2010) were 60% Christian and 36% Muslim.<ref name="Pew Africa">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The remainder of the population are Hindus, Buddhists, animists, and unaffiliated. Most Christians are Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican or Pentecostal, though a number of other churches, as Seventh-Day Adventist, and Eastern Orthodox Christians are also represented in the country. Most Tanzanian Muslims are Sunni Muslims, though there are also populations of Ibadi, Shia, Ahamadiya, Bohora. Muslims are concentrated in coastal areas and in mainland areas along former caravan trade routes.

See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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Template:Ethnic groups in Tanzania Template:Tanzania topics Template:Tanzania year nav Template:Demographics by continent Template:Africa in topic Template:Lists of countries by population statistics Template:Authority control