Tarawa-class amphibious assault ship
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates
Template:Infobox ship imageTemplate:Infobox ship class overviewTemplate:Infobox ship characteristicsThe Tarawa class is a ship class of Landing Helicopter Assault (LHA) type amphibious assault ships operated by the United States Navy (USN). Five ships were built by Ingalls Shipbuilding between 1971 and 1980; another four ships were planned, but later canceled; instead they were joined by the Template:Sclasss.
Template:As of, all vessels had been decommissioned. The Tarawa class were replaced by the Template:Sclasss from 2014 onward while the Wasp class remains in service.
DesignEdit
The vessels have a full load displacement of Template:Convert.<ref name=Sharpe822>Sharpe (ed.), Jane's Fighting Ships 1998–99, p. 822</ref> Each ship is Template:Convert long, with a beam of Template:Convert, and a draft of Template:Convert.<ref name=Sharpe822/>
Propulsion is provided by two Combustion Engineering boilers, connected to two Westinghouse turbines.<ref name=Sharpe822/> These supply Template:Convert to the ship's two propeller shafts.<ref name=Sharpe822/> A Tarawa-class vessel can reach a maximum speed of Template:Convert, and has a maximum range of Template:Convert at Template:Convert.<ref name=Sharpe822/> In addition to the main propulsion system, the ships are fitted with a bow thruster.<ref name=Sharpe822/>
As of 1998, the ships' armament consisted of a Mark 49 RAM surface-to-air missile system, two Vulcan Phalanx close-in weapons systems, six Mark 242 25 mm automatic cannons, and eight 12.7 mm machine guns.<ref name=Sharpe822/> Previously, the amphibious warships were fitted with 2 Mark 25 Sea Sparrow missile systems (which were replaced by the Phalanx units), and three 5-inch (127 mm) Mk 45 lightweight guns in bow and starboard aft sponsons (the guns were removed across the class during 1997 and 1998).<ref name=Sharpe822/> Countermeasures and decoys include four Mark 36 SRBOC launchers, a SLQ-25 Nixie towed torpedo decoy, a Sea Gnat unit, SLQ-49 chaff decoys.<ref name=Sharpe822/>
The number of helicopters carried by each vessel was up to 19 Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallions, 26 Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight, or a mix of the two.<ref name=Sharpe822/> The Template:Convert flight deck is fitted with two aircraft lifts, and up to nine Sea Stallions or 12 Sea Knights can be operated simultaneously.<ref name=Sharpe822/> With a small amount of modification, the ships could carry and operate up to six McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II jump-jets.<ref name=Sharpe822/>
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The Tarawa-class ships are designed to embark a reinforced battalion of the United States Marine Corps and their equipment.<ref name=Sharpe822/> Onboard accommodation is provided for up to 1,703 marines, while Template:Convert is provided for the battalion's vehicles, and Template:Convert is allocated for stores and other equipment.<ref name=Sharpe822/> As well as deploying by helicopters, personnel and equipment can be embarked or offloaded via a Template:Convert well deck in each ship's stern.<ref name=Sharpe822/> Up to four LCU 1610 landing craft can be transported in and operated from the well deck, along with other designs and combinations of landing craft (two LCU and two LCM-8, or 17 LCM-6, or 45 AAVP).<ref name=Sharpe822/>
The Tarawa design was later repeated for the Template:Sclasss, with some changes.<ref name=BisChan230>Bishop & Chant, Aircraft Carriers, p. 230</ref> The main changes to the latter eight-ship class include the lower placement of the ship's bridge aboard the Wasps, the relocation of the command and control facilities to inside the hull, modifications to allow the operation of Harrier jump-jets and Landing Craft Air Cushion hovercraft, and removal of the 5-inch guns and their sponsons to increase the overall size of the flight deck.<ref name=BisChan230/><ref name=Wertheim921/>
ConstructionEdit
All five warships were built by Ingalls Shipbuilding, at this company's shipyard in Pascagoula, Mississippi.<ref name=Sharpe822/> Tarawa was approved for construction during fiscal year 1969, with two more ships of this class ordered by Congress in the 1970 and 1971 fiscal years.<ref name=Sharpe822/>
Design problems emerged early in the LHA program and contrary to the intent of the Total Package Procurement concept, the Navy became heavily involved in the design process.<ref name=PSAD-80-39>Template:Cite book</ref> Nine ships were originally contracted for the Tarawa class, but that number was reduced to five in January 1971.<ref name=PSAD-80-39/> The other four ships were never built for the Navy.<ref name=Sharpe822/>
Work on the first warship of this class, Template:USS, began on 15 November 1971, and she was commissioned into the Navy on 29 May 1976.<ref name=Sharpe822/> The last of the five ships, Template:USS, was completed on 3 May 1980.<ref name=Sharpe822/>
Decommissioning and replacementEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The Tarawas began leaving service in 2005. By April 2011, four of the five amphibious assault ships had been decommissioned, leaving only Peleliu in active service.<ref name=USNFacts>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Peleliu was decommissioned on 31 March 2015 in San Diego.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The Tarawa class is to be replaced by the Template:Sclass.<ref name=Wertheim921>Wertheim (ed.), The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World, p. 921</ref> The first America-class vessel was delivered and commissioned in 2014.
Ships in classEdit
| Name | Hull number | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Decommissioned | Fate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:USS | LHA-1 | 15 November 1971 | 1 December 1973 | 29 May 1976 | 31 March 2009 | Sunk as target ship on 19 July 2024 | |
| Template:USS | LHA-2 | 21 July 1972 | 18 July 1974 | 15 October 1977 | 25 April 2007 | Scrapped 2009 | |
| Template:USS (ex-Philippine Sea) |
LHA-3 | 5 March 1973 | 11 April 1977 | 23 September 1978 | 28 October 2005 | Sunk as target ship on 13 July 2006 | |
| Template:USS (ex-Leyte Gulf) |
LHA-4 | 13 August 1973 | 21 January 1978 | 28 July 1979 | 31 March 2011 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| Template:USS (ex-Da Nang, ex-Khe Sanh) |
LHA-5 | 12 November 1976 | 25 November 1978 | 3 May 1980 | 31 March 2015 | In reserve |