Teachers College, Columbia University

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Teachers College, Columbia University (TC) is the graduate school of education affiliated with Columbia University, a private research university in New York City.<ref name="4 years ago">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="uni_org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Founded in 1887, Teachers College has been a part of Columbia University since 1898.<ref name="uni_org"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HistoryEdit

Founding and early historyEdit

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Russell Hall

Teachers College was the first graduate school in the United States whose curriculum focused specifically on teacher education.<ref name="books.google.com" />

In 1880, the Kitchen Education Association (KEA), also known as the Kitchen Garden Association, was founded by philanthropist Grace Hoadley Dodge, the daughter of wealthy businessman William Dodge. The association's focus was to replace miniature kitchen utensils for other toys that were age-appropriate for kindergarten-aged girls.<ref name="Dolkart p. 224">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="books.google.com">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1884, the KEA was rebranded to the Industrial Education Association (IEA), in the spirit of widening its mission to boys and parents. Three years later, it moved to the former Union Theological Seminary building on University Place, as well as founded a coeducational private school called the Horace Mann School.<ref name="Dolkart p. 225">Template:Harvnb</ref>

In 1887, William Vanderbilt Jr. offered a substantial financial sum to the IEA.<ref name="books.google.com" /> With the support of Dodge, Vanderbilt appointed Nicholas Murray Butler, the future longest-serving president of Columbia University and Nobel Peace Prize recipient, as new president of the IEA. The IEA decided to provide schooling for the teachers of the poor children of New York City. Thus, in 1887–1888, it employed six instructors and enrolled 36 juniors in its inaugural class as well as 86 special students.<ref name="books.google.com" /> To reflect the broadening mission of education beyond the original philanthropic intent set forth by Dodge, the IEA changed its name to the New York School for the Training of Teachers,<ref name="books.google.com" /><ref name="Dolkart p. 225" /> and received its temporary charter from the New York State Board of Regents.<ref name="Dolkart p. 225" />

File:Teachers College of Columbia University - panoramio.jpg

Teachers College buildings on Broadway and 120th St., looking northwest

By October 1890, the school's trustees were looking for a new campus, as the University Place campus was considered too small. After discussion with Columbia University president Seth Low, the trustees settled on a site in Morningside Heights, near where Columbia's campus was being built.<ref name="Dolkart p. 227">Template:Harvnb</ref> In 1892, the name of the New York School for the Training of Teachers was again changed to Teachers College.<ref name="books.google.com" /> The next year, Teachers College and Columbia University were affiliated with each other, and the trustees acquired land for the new college campus in Morningside Heights.<ref name="Dolkart p. 228">Template:Harvnb</ref> The buildings for the campus of the college were designed by William Appleton Potter.<ref name="Dolkart p. 228" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The first structure in the original complex, Main Hall, was completed in late 1894; the last, Milbank Memorial Hall, was finished three years later.<ref name="Dolkart pp. 231-232">Template:Harvnb</ref>

The curriculum combined a humanitarian concern to help others with a scientific approach to human development. The college was affiliated with Columbia University in 1898 as the university's Graduate School of Education.<ref name="uni_org" /><ref name="Dolkart p. 228" /> A new building for Horace Mann was erected in 1899,<ref name="Dolkart pp. 233-234">Template:Harvnb</ref> followed by the Frederick Ferris Thompson Memorial Hall in 1902–1904.<ref name="Dolkart pp. 235-236">Template:Harvnb</ref> Additionally, a four-wing dormitory building, called Whittier Hall, was built in 1900–1901.<ref name="Dolkart pp. 237-238">Template:Harvnb</ref> Enrollment increased quickly: the graduating class of 1911 contained 686 students, as opposed to the 26 students in the first graduating class.<ref name="Dolkart p. 241">Template:Harvnb</ref>

Expansion of scopeEdit

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John Dewey

The founders early recognized that professional teachers need reliable knowledge about the conditions under which children learn most effectively. As a result, the college's program from the start included such fundamental subjects as educational psychology and educational sociology. The founders also insisted that education must be combined with clear ideas about ethics and the nature of a good society; consequently, programs were developed in the history of education and in comparative education.

As the number of school children increased during the twentieth century, the problems of managing the schools became ever more complex. The college took on the challenge and instituted programs of study in areas of administration, economics, and politics. Other programs developed in such emerging fields as clinical and counseling psychology, organizational psychology, developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, curriculum development, instructional technology, media studies, and school health care.

Teachers College, Columbia University, was also associated with philosopher and public intellectual John Dewey, who served as president of the American Psychological Association and the American Philosophical Association, and was a professor at Teachers College from 1904 until his retirement in 1930.<ref>The New York Times edition of January 19, 1953, page 27</ref>

PresidentsEdit

File:The Americana; a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world (1908) (14781510111).jpg

Nicholas Murray Butler

	President	Tenure
1.	Nicholas M. Butler	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
2.	Walter L. Hervey	1893–1897<ref name="tc.columbia.edu"/>
3.	James Earl Russell	1898–1926<ref name="tc.columbia.edu"/>
4.	William Fletcher Russell	1927–1954<ref name="tc.columbia.edu"/>
5.	Hollis L. Caswell	1954–1962<ref name="tc.columbia.edu"/>
6.	John Henry Fischer	1962–1974<ref name="tc.columbia.edu"/>
7.	Lawrence A. Cremin	1974–1984<ref name="tc.columbia.edu"/>
8.	Philip M. Timpane	1984–1994<ref name="tc.columbia.edu"/>
9.	Arthur E. Levine	1994–2006<ref name="tc.columbia.edu"/>
10.	Susan Fuhrman	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
11.	Thomas R. Bailey	2018–present<ref name="tc.columbia.edu"/>

Academic programsEdit

The school offers Master of Arts (M.A.), Master of Education (Ed.M.), Master of Science (M.S.), Doctor of Education (Ed.D.), and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degrees in over sixty programs of study. Despite the college's name, less than one-third of students are preparing to become teachers. Graduates pursue careers, for example, in the social sciences, health and health promotion, educational policy, technology, international and comparative education, as well as educational leadership.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

According to former Teachers College president Susan Fuhrman,<ref>President Fuhrman Outlines the State of the College | TC Media Center. Tc.columbia.edu (November 6, 2009). Retrieved on September 7, 2013.</ref> the school provides solutions to the difficult problems of urban education, reaffirming its original mission in providing a new kind of education for those left most in need by society or circumstance. The college continues its collaborative research with urban and suburban school systems that strengthen teaching in such fundamental areas as reading, writing, science, mathematics, and the arts; prepares leaders to develop and administer psychological and health care programs in schools, businesses, hospitals and community agencies; and advances technology for the classroom, developing new teaching software and keeping teachers abreast of new developments.

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Dwight D. Eisenhower, 13th President of Columbia University

Teachers College also houses a wide range of applied psychology degrees, including one of the nation's leading programs in organizational psychology. Every year captains from the United States Military Academy at West Point are selected for the Eisenhower Leader Development Program (ELDP) and complete the Organizational Psychology M.A. program to become tactical officers (TAC) at West Point.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The college also houses programs in anthropology. It was foundational in the development of the field of anthropology and education. By the 1930s, Teachers College had begun to offer courses in anthropology as part of the foundations of education. By 1948 Margaret Mead started what would be a long association with Teachers College where she taught until the early 1970s. In 1953 Solon Kimball joined the faculty. In 1954 nine professors (including Mead and Solon Kimball) came together to discuss the topic. In the 1960s, these people formed the Council on Anthropology and Education within the American Anthropological Association, and it is still considered as the leading organization in the field.

File:Margaret Mead NYWTS.jpg

Margaret Mead, became President of the American Anthropological Association in 1960

The student experience at Teachers College is governed by a student senate, headed by the Senate president, followed by the vice-president, parliamentarian, communications officer, and treasurer. Two senators, a master's candidate, and a PhD candidate are elected each year to represent each academic department at Teachers College to advocate on behalf of current students and alumni.Template:Citation needed The TC Senate meets bi-weekly to determine what issues need to be investigated.

RankingsEdit

For 2024, U.S. News & World Report ranked Teachers College, Columbia University #1 among all graduate schools of education in the United States. In 2008, 2002, 1998, 1997, and 1996 Teachers College, Columbia University was also ranked #1 in the category of graduate schools of education in the United States by U.S. News.

Relationship with Columbia UniversityEdit

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Butler Library

Teachers College serves as Columbia University's graduate school of education and psychology,<ref name="uni_org"/> and while Teachers College holds its own corporate status, an independent administrative structure, board of trustees and endowment, <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Teachers College graduates are awarded Columbia University degrees according to the statutes of Columbia University.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Although the college houses PhD programs, these degrees are conferred by Columbia University's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in a manner analogous to the PhD programs of the university's other professional schools.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Teachers College's graduating class participates in the Columbia University Commencement ceremony.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="c250.columbia.edu">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> TC graduates are Columbia University alumni, may attend Columbia Alumni Association events, retain their @columbia.edu email for life, and are eligible for nomination of the alumni medal and membership to the Columbia University Club of New York.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="c250.columbia.edu" /><ref name="ReferenceB" />

While Teachers College faculty appointments are approved by Teachers College's board of trustees at the discretion of the president of Columbia University, "Columbia University [has] no responsibility for salaries, tenure, or retirement allowances" of officers of Teachers College.<ref name="secretary.columbia.edu">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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Low Memorial Library

Teachers College shares academic and institutional resources with greater Columbia University including courses of instruction (Teachers College students may take courses at any other Columbia University graduate school and vice versa.),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> libraries, health service systems, research centers, classrooms, special event facilities and the Dodge Fitness Center.

During COVID-19, the Ivy League allowed Columbia fourth-year senior student-athletes, who lost playing time due to pandemic-related cancellations in their final year of eligibility, to continue playing their varsity sport for the 2021–22 season if they were accepted to and enrolled at Teachers College.

The Columbia University Senate includes faculty and student representatives from Teachers College who serve two-year terms; all senators are accorded full voting privileges regarding matters impacting the entire University.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The president of Teachers College is a dean in the university's governance structure.<ref name="secretary.columbia.edu" />

HousingEdit

File:Whittier Hall, Morningside Heights, NYC.jpg

Whittier Hall

The college has three residence halls for single students. They are 517 West 121st, Grant Hall, and Whittier Hall.<ref>"Housing Options Single Housing Template:Webarchive." Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrieved on April 23, 2012.</ref> The college has three residence halls for family housing. They are Bancroft Hall, Grant Hall, and Sarasota Hall. One bedroom apartments are available for childless students and students who have one child. Two and three-bedroom apartments are available for students who have more than one child.<ref>"Housing Options Family Housing Template:Webarchive." Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrieved on April 23, 2012.</ref> Lowell Hall and Seth Low Hall have faculty housing units.<ref>"Housing Options Faculty Housing Template:Webarchive." Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrieved on April 23, 2012.</ref>

PublicationsEdit

The Teachers College Record has been published by the college continuously since 1900. In 1997 a group of doctoral students from Teachers College established the journal Current Issues in Comparative Education (CICE), a leading open-access online academic journal.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Teachers College Press, founded in 1904, is the national and international book publishing arm of Teachers College and is dedicated to deepening the understanding and improving the practice of education. Teachers College also publishes The Hechinger Report, a non-profit, non-partisan education news outlet focused on inequality and innovation in education that launched in May 2010.

Notable facultyEdit

Current facultyEdit

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Arthur M. Langer

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Dr. Ruth Westheimer

John Allegrante, Health and Behavior Studies
Charles Basch, Health Education
George Bonanno, Clinical Psychology
Lucy Calkins, Children's Literature
Peter T. Coleman, Social-Organizational Psychology and Conflict Resolution
Christopher Emdin, Science Education
Edmund W. Gordon, Psychology and Education
Neil R. Grabois, Mathematics Education
Joan Dye Gussow, Nutrition Education
Henry Landau, Mathematics Education
Arthur M. Langer, Professor of Professional Practice, Department of Organization and Leadership
Suniya Luthar, Psychology and Education
Elizabeth Midlarsky, Psychology and Education
Lisa Miller, Clinical Psychology
Kimberly G. Noble, Neuroscience and Education
Henry O. Pollak, Mathematics Education
Michael Rebell, Law and Educational Practice
Robert S. Siegler, Psychology and Education
Derald Wing Sue, Counseling Psychology
Barbara Tversky, Psychology and Education
Erica Walker, Mathematics and Education
Barbara C. Wallace, Clinical Psychology

Past facultyEdit

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Margaret Mead

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Donna Shalala

Eva Allen Alberti (1856–1938), dramatics teacher
Richard Thomas Alexander, founder of New College for the Education of Teachers
Allen E. Bergin, clinical psychologist
John Cage, composer, musician, poet, mycologist
Lambros Comitas, Applied Anthropology
Frank W. Cyr, father of the Yellow School Bus
Morton Deutsch, social psychologist and founding father of the field of conflict resolution
John Dewey, philosopher
Arthur Wesley Dow, arts education
David F. Duncan, health education
Elizabeth E. Farrell, first president of the Council for Exceptional Children
Hamden L. Forkner, founder of Future Business Leaders of America
Elbert K. Fretwell, second Chief Scout Executive
Maxine Greene, philosopher of education
Linda Darling Hammond, founder of the National Center for Restructuring Education
Virginia Henderson, arguably the most famous nurse of the 20th century
Leta Stetter Hollingworth, psychology and education
Adele T. Katz, Music
William Heard Kilpatrick, philosopher of education
Solon Kimball, anthropologist
Julius B. Maller, educational psychology
Charles J. Martin, arts instructor
Margaret Mead, anthropologist
William Hughes Mearns, educator and poet; head of the College from 1920
Jack Mezirow, sociologist; former professor of adult and continuing education<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Harold J. Noah, comparative education
Nel Noddings, philosopher of education
Mary Adelaide Nutting, nursing
Mary Swartz Rose, created nation's first program in nutrition
Harold Rugg, educational reformer
Julius Sachs, Education
Donna Shalala, former US Secretary of Health and Human Services
Douglas Sloan, professor of history of education; educational theorist; author
David Eugene Smith, professor of mathematics & mathematics education
Graeme Sullivan, art education
Edward Thorndike, psychologist
Robert L. Thorndike, psychologist
Ruth Westheimer, Adjunct Professor, International and Transcultural Studies Department.<ref name="westie-adjunct">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Clarence Hudson White, founding member of the Photo-Secession movement
Mary Schenck Woolman, pioneer in vocational education, one of the first two women on staff

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Mary Antin

Notable alumniEdit

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Shirley Chisholm

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Following is a select list of notable alumni.

Muhammad Fadhel al-Jamali (M.A. 1930; Ph.D. 1934), Prime Minister of Iraq
Hafizullah Amin (M.A.), President of Afghanistan
Nahas Gideon Angula (M.A. 1978; Ed.M. 1979), Prime Minister of Namibia
Mary Antin (1902), immigration rights activist; author of The Promised Land
Carolyn Sherwin Bailey (1896), author of Miss Hickory, winner of the 1947 Newbery Medal
William Vincent Campbell Jr. (Ed.M. 1974), CEO for Claris; Intuit Inc. and GO Corporation
Betty Castor (1963), politician and president of the University of South Florida
Shirley Chisholm (M.A. 1952), first African American woman elected to Congress and former US presidential candidate
Katherine M. Cook (M.A. 1912), Chief, Division of Rural Education, Bureau of Education; Chief, Division of Special Problems, Office of Education, HEW
Claire Fagin (M.A.), first woman to serve as president of an Ivy League university
Art Garfunkel (M.A. 1967), singer, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee, poet, and actor
Gordon Gee (Ed.D. 1972), president of Ohio State University
Hazel Johnson-Brown (M.A. 1963), first female African-American general in the United States Army
Jiang Menglin (Ph.D.), president of Peking University; Minister of education for the Republic of China
William Schuman (B.S. 1935; M.A. 1937), former president of the Juilliard School of Music and the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts
Leon Sullivan (M.A. 1947), civil rights leader and social activist; 1991 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient
Ruth Westheimer (Ed.D. 1970), sex therapist known as "Dr. Ruth" talk show host, author, and professor