Teddy Kollek
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | bodyclass = vcard | bodystyle = {{#if:|width: {{{mainwidth}}}}} | child = {{{embed}}}
| abovestyle = font-size: 100%;
| above = {{#if:|
}}
{{#if:|
}}
| subheaderstyle = font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;
| subheader = {{#ifeq:{{{embed}}}|yes||{{#if:Template:Nobold|{{#if:|
}}}}}}
| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=Teddy Kolek toasting. Jerusalem 1966 (D803-058) (cropped).jpg|size=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|size=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image3 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | captionstyle = line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em; | caption{{#if:|3|{{#if:|2}}}} =
| headerstyle = color: #202122; {{#ifeq:{{{embed}}}|yes|background:#eee|background:lavender}}
| data1 = {{#if:| {{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}}}Template:Infobox officeholder/office{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| {{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}
| data2 =
| header3 = {{#if:Kollek Tivadar27 May 1911Nagyvázsony, Kingdom of HungaryTemplate:Death date and ageJerusalem, IsraelIsraelHungary
IsraelLabourTamar Schwartz (1917–2013)<ref>26 July 2013 Obituary The Times of Israel</ref>2Peace Prize of the German Book Trade (1985)
Israel Prize (1988)
Honorary Citizen of Vienna (2001)|Personal details}}
| label4 = Pronunciation
| data4 =
| label5 = Born | data5 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br
|1 = {{#if:Kollek Tivadar|
}}
|2 = 27 May 1911 |3 = Nagyvázsony, Kingdom of Hungary }}
| label6 = Died | data6 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br|Template:Death date and age|Jerusalem, Israel}}
| label7 = {{#ifexpr: Template:Strfind short
| Manner |{{#if:|Manner|Cause}} }} of death
| data7 = {{#if:||}}
| label8 = Resting place | class8 = label | data8 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br||}}
| label9 = Citizenship | data9 = Israel
| label10 = Nationality
| data10 = {{#switch:{{#invoke:delink|delink|Hungary
Israel}}
| {{#ifeq:Template:Country2nationality|{{#invoke:delink|delink|Hungary
Israel}}|{{#invoke:delink|delink|Hungary
Israel}}}} =
| {{#ifeq:Template:Find country|England|British}} =
| #default = Hungary
Israel }}
| label11 = Political party | data11 = {{#switch:Labour | = | Democrat | Democratic | Democrat = Democratic | Republican | United States Republican Party | Republican | Republican Party = Republican | Conservative Party | Conservative = Conservative | Labour Party | Labour = Labour | Conservative Party | Conservative = Conservative | Liberal Party | Liberal = Liberal | KMT | Kuomintang | KMT | KMT | Kuomintang | Kuomintang (KMT) | Kuomintang (KMT) = Kuomintang | DPP | DPP | Democratic Progressive Party = Democratic Progressive Party | #default = Labour }}
| label12 = Other political
affiliations
| data12 =
| label13 = Height | data13 = {{#if:|Template:Infobox person/height}}
| label14 = Spouse{{#if:|s|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize|Tamar Schwartz (1917–2013)<ref>26 July 2013 Obituary The Times of Israel</ref>|likely=(s)|plural=s}}}} | data14 = Tamar Schwartz (1917–2013)<ref>26 July 2013 Obituary The Times of Israel</ref>
| label15 = Domestic partner{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data15 =
| label16 = Relations | data16 =
| label17 = Children | data17 = 2
| label18 = Parent{{#if:|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}}|{{#ifexpr:Template:Count > 1|s}}}} | data18 = {{#if:||{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|{{#if:|{{{father}}} (father)}}|{{#if:|{{{mother}}} (mother)}}}}}}
| label19 = Relatives | data19 =
| label20 = Residence{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | class20 = {{#if:Template:Death date and ageJerusalem, Israel||label}} | data20 =
| label21 = Education | data21 =
| label22 = Alma mater | data22 =
| label23 = Occupation | data23 =
| label24 = Profession | data24 =
| label25 = Known for | data25 =
| label26 = Salary | data26 =
| label27 = Cabinet | data27 =
| label28 = Committees | data28 =
| label29 = Portfolio | data29 =
| label30 = {{#if:|Civilian awards|Awards}} | data30 = Peace Prize of the German Book Trade (1985) Israel Prize (1988) Honorary Citizen of Vienna (2001)
| label31 = {{{blank1}}} | data31 =
| label32 = {{{blank2}}} | data32 =
| label33 = {{{blank3}}} | data33 =
| label34 = {{{blank4}}} | data34 =
| label35 = {{{blank5}}} | data35 =
| label36 = Signature | data36 = {{#if:|[[File:|{{#if:|{{{signature_size}}}|128x80px}}|class=skin-invert|alt=|Teddy Kollek's signature]]}}
| label37 = Website | data37 =
| label38 = Nickname{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data38 =
| header39 = {{#if:|Military service}}
| label40 = Allegiance | data40 =
| label41 = {{#if:||Branch/service}} | data41 =
| label42 = {{#if:||Years of service}} | data42 =
| label43 = {{#if:||Rank}} | data43 =
| label44 = {{#if:||Unit}} | data44 =
| label45 = Commands | data45 =
| label46 = {{#if:||Battles/wars}} | data46 =
| label47 = {{#if:Peace Prize of the German Book Trade (1985) Israel Prize (1988) Honorary Citizen of Vienna (2001)|Military awards|Awards}} | data47 =
| label48 = {{{military_blank1}}} | data48 =
| label49 = {{{military_blank2}}} | data49 =
| label50 = {{{military_blank3}}} | data50 =
| label51 = {{{military_blank4}}} | data51 =
| label52 = {{{military_blank5}}} | data52 =
| data53 = | data54 = | data55 = | data56 = | data57 = | data58 = | belowstyle = border-top: 1px solid right;
| below =
{{#if:|Source: [{{{source}}}]}}
}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }}
Theodor "Teddy" Kollek (Template:LangxTemplate:Ltr; 27 May 1911 – 2 January 2007) was an Israeli politician who served as the mayor of Jerusalem from 1965 to 1993, and founder of the Jerusalem Foundation. Kollek was re-elected five times, in 1969, 1973, 1978, 1983, and 1989. During his tenure, Jerusalem developed into a modern city, especially after its reunification in 1967.<ref name="washpostobit"/> He was once called Template:Qi<ref name="Zvielli">Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref>
After reluctantly running for a seventh term in 1993 at the age of 82, he lost to Likud candidate and future Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Olmert.
Early life and marriageEdit
Theodor Kollek (Template:Né) was born in Nagy-Vázsony, 120Template:Nbskm (75 miles) from Budapest, Hungary. His parents, Alfred and Margaret (Template:Née), named him after Theodor Herzl. The family moved to Vienna in 1918.<ref>Obituary: Teddy Kollek, in The Telegraph, London, 3 January 2007</ref><ref name="ÖstBibl">Template:Cite book</ref> Growing up in the Austrian capital city, Kollek came to share his father Alfréd's Zionist convictions.
In 1935, three years before the Nazis seized power in Austria, the Kollek family immigrated to British-controlled Mandatory Palestine. In 1937, he was one of the founders of Kibbutz Ein Gev, on the shore of Lake Kinneret.<ref name="washpostobit">Template:Cite news</ref> That same year he married Tamar Schwarz (1917–2013).Template:Efn They had two children, a son, the film director Amos Kollek (born in 1947), and a daughter, Osnat.<ref>Kollek: A man with 'Viennese optimism'</ref>
Intelligence servicesEdit
The "Hunting Season"Edit
In 1942 Kollek was appointed the Jewish Agency's deputy head of intelligence. Between January 1945 and May 1946 he was the Agency's chief external liaison officer in Jerusalem and was in contact with MI5's main representative as well as members of British Military Intelligence.<ref name="realm">Andrew, Christopher (2009) The Defence of the Realm. The Authorized History of MI5. Allen Lane. Template:ISBN. Pages 355,356.</ref> In the 1940s, on behalf of the Jewish Agency (Sochnut) and as part of the "Hunting Season" or "Saison", Teddy Kollek was the Jewish Agency's contact person with the British Mandate MI5, providing information against right-wing Jewish underground groups Irgun and Lehi (known as "Stern Gang"). He succeeded Reuven Zaslani and preceded Zeev Sherf in this function, and was carrying out the Jewish Agency's policy of assisting the British in fighting these groups.<ref name="Wagner">Template:Cite thesis</ref> On 10 August 1945, he revealed to MI5 the location of a secret Irgun training camp near Binyamina. Twenty-seven Irgun members were arrested in the raid that followed.<ref name="realm"/>
Second World WarEdit
During World War II, Kollek tried to represent Jewish interests in Europe on behalf of the Jewish Agency.<ref name="Sinatra">Template:Cite book</ref>
Cooperation with the USAEdit
In 1947–48, he represented the Haganah in Washington, where he assisted in acquiring ammunition for Israel's then-fledgling army.<ref name="Sinatra"/>
Kollek was a key figure in creating an alliance between the Mossad and the CIA during the 1940s and 1950s.<ref name="Melman">Template:Cite news</ref> In 1950 he accidentally encountered Kim Philby, whom he had known from his Vienna days, at the offices of the CIA, and warned James Angleton that Philby was a Soviet agent in the 30s.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
In national politicsEdit
Kollek became a close ally of David Ben-Gurion, serving in the latter's governments from 1952 as the director general of the prime minister's office.<ref name="haartezobit">Template:Cite news</ref>
Mayor of JerusalemEdit
In 1965 Teddy Kollek succeeded Mordechai Ish-Shalom as Mayor of Jerusalem. On his motivations for seeking the mayor's office in Jerusalem, Kollek once recalled: Template:Qi<ref name="nytimesobit">Template:Cite news</ref>
During his tenure Jerusalem developed into a modern city, especially after its reunification in 1967.<ref name="washpostobit"/> He was once called Template:Qi<ref name="Zvielli"/>
Kollek was re-elected five times, in 1969, 1973, 1978, 1983, and 1989, serving 28 years as mayor of Jerusalem.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In a reluctant seventh bid for mayor in 1993, Kollek, aged 82, lost to Likud candidate Ehud Olmert.
Relationship with the Arab communityEdit
In the Six-Day War of 1967, East Jerusalem, which had been under Jordanian control since 1948, was captured by Israel. As mayor of a newly united Jerusalem, Kollek's approach toward the Arab inhabitants was governed by pragmatism. Within hours of the transfer of authority, he arranged for the provision of milk for Arab children. Some Israelis considered him pro-Arab.<ref name="nytimesobit"/> Kollek advocated religious tolerance and made numerous efforts to reach out to the Arab community during his tenure. Muslims continued to have access to Masjid Al-Aqsa (i.e. the Temple Mount) for worship. While he was adamant that Jerusalem never be divided again and remain under Israeli sovereignty, he believed in concessions to reach a final settlement.<ref>Teddy Kollek and his life-long dedication</ref>
Kollek's views on the annexation of East Jerusalem softened after leaving office.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Civic and cultural projectsEdit
Kollek dedicated himself to many cultural projects during his lengthy term in office,<ref name="Museum"/> and served as the founder and head of the Jerusalem Foundation,<ref name="nytimesobit"/> through which he helped finance the projects. Kollek was also instrumental in the establishment of the Jerusalem Theater.<ref name="nytimesobit"/>
The Israel MuseumEdit
Kollek's most notable cultural project was the development and expansion of the Israel Museum. From 1965 to 1996, he was president of the museum, and officially designated its founder in 2000. When the museum celebrated its 25th anniversary in 1990, Kollek was named "Avi Ha-muze'on" ("father of the museum").<ref name="Museum">The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Magazine, Winter-Spring 2007, p.3</ref>
Through a leadership which spanned decades, Kollek raised millions of dollars from private donors for civic development projects and cultural programs. Kollek once remarked that Israel needed a strong army, but it also needed expressions of culture and civilization.<ref name="nytimesobit"/>
Jerusalem zooEdit
Kollek was considered the "number-one friend"<ref name="friend">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> of the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo, which occupied a Template:Convert site<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in Romema from 1950 to 1991. Though the zoo attracted many visitors to its exhibits of animals, reptiles and birds mentioned in the Bible and was successful in breeding and protecting endangered species,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> it was considered small and inferior to zoos in Tel Aviv and Haifa.<ref name="sbl">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Kollek promoted the idea of moving the zoo to a larger location and upgrading it to a state-of-the-art institution. Around 1990, under the auspices of the Jerusalem Foundation, the Tisch family of New York agreed to underwrite the expensive undertaking. The zoo re-opened as The Tisch Family Zoological Garden in Jerusalem on a Template:Convert expanse near the neighborhood of Malha in 1993.<ref name="sbl" /> Kollek helped the zoo raise money to build the elephant enclosure and to bring in female elephants from Thailand at $50,000 apiece.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The zoo named its male elephant Teddy and one of its female elephants Tamar in honor of the mayor and his wife.<ref name="friend" /> For Kollek's 90th birthday in 2001, the zoo feted him and the Jerusalem Foundation unveiled a new sculpture garden dedicated in his honor.<ref name="friend" />
Retirement and deathEdit
Kollek continued to be active in retirement, maintaining a five-day work week into his nineties, even as he became increasingly infirm.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He and his wife lived in their walk-up Rehavia apartment until the mid-1990s, when they moved to Hod Yerushalayim, a retirement home in the Kiryat HaYovel neighborhood.<ref>Kollek Teddy</ref>
Kollek died on 2 January 2007.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore </ref> He is buried at the Mount Herzl national cemetery, Jerusalem.
Books PublishedEdit
For Jerusalem: A Life by Teddy Kollek
Jerusalem: a history of forty centuries
Awards and commemorationEdit
- In 1985, Kollek was awarded the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade.
- In 1988, he was awarded the Israel Prize for his special contribution to society and the State of Israel.<ref name=prize>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- In 1988, he received the Four Freedoms Award from the Roosevelt Institute for the Freedom of Worship.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- In 1996, Kollek was awarded the Prize of Tolerance of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts.
- In 2001, he was honoured with the title of Honorary Citizen of Vienna.
Teddy Stadium in Malha, Jerusalem, is named after him. Teddy Fountain in Jerusalem is named after him.
QuotesEdit
{{#ifeq:|{{subst:NAMESPACE}}||}}Template:Ambox
- "Jerusalem's people of differing faiths, cultures and aspirations must find peaceful ways to live together other than by drawing a line in the sand".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
See alsoEdit
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
Further readingEdit
External linksEdit
- Template:YouTube by Leon Charney on The Leon Charney Report