Teeline shorthand
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Teeline is a shorthand system developed in 1968 by James Hill,<ref name="Hill1968">Template:Citation</ref> a teacher of Pitman shorthand.<ref name=bowers1991/> It is accepted by the National Council for the Training of Journalists, which certifies the training of journalists in the United Kingdom.<ref name="bowers1991">Template:Cite book</ref>
It is mainly used for writing English within the Commonwealth of Nations, but can be adapted for use by other Germanic languages such as German and Swedish. Its strength over other forms of shorthand is fast learning, and speeds of up to 150 words per minute are possible,<ref name="pressgazette">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> as it is common for users to create their own word groupings, increasing their speed.<ref name=bowers1991/>
Writing styleEdit
Teeline shorthand is a streamlined way to transcribe the spoken word quickly by removing unnecessary letters from words and making the letters themselves faster to write.<ref name=bowers1991/> Vowels are often removed when they are not the first or last letter of a word, and silent letters are also ignored.<ref name=bowers1991/> Common prefixes, suffixes, and letter groupings (such as "sh" and "ing") are reduced to single symbols. The symbols themselves are derived from old cursive forms of the letters, with unnecessary parts removed.<ref name=bowers1991/> Unlike phonetics-based shorthands, such as Pitman, Teeline is a spelling-based system.
AlphabetEdit
Teeline differs from many shorthand systems by basing itself on the alphabet as opposed to phonetics, making it simpler to learn but also carrying the speed limitations of the alphabet when compared to other systems.<ref name=bowers1991/> However, it is common to find some phonetics spellings used. For example, ph is often just written as an f, so the word phase would be written as if it were spelt fase. This coincides with the creator's intentions of streamlining it as much as possible.<ref name=bowers1991/> As with many shorthand systems, there are few strict rules on how to write it, so it is common for users to make personal adaptations for their own use.<ref name=bowers1991/> Certain letters also have specific meanings as well as their traditional alphabetic value, as shown in the table below.
Note: there may also be some regional, dialectal, and linguistic additions to these.
| Letter | Teeline | Alternate meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | File:Teeline letter A.svg File:Teeline letter A indicator.svg | Form 1: auto, after, able, able to, ability | Can also be used as an outline for "Blood Group A". There is also an indicator A for words ending in "Ang", but indicators can be used for word beginnings. |
| B | File:Teeline letter B.svg | bee, be | Can also be used for "blood group B". It can also be mistaken for a number 6, so all numbers 0–99 are circled |
| C | File:Teeline letter C.svg | Local, locals, because (if below the line) | |
| D | File:Teeline letter D.svg | Do, Day | T & D are parallel lines, but T can be dropped in certain cases. T goes at the top of the line and D goes to the bottom. |
| E | File:Teeline letter E.svg | Electricity | Also used as an indicator for words spelled with "eng" |
| F | File:Teeline letter F up.svg File:Teeline letter F down.svg | From | |
| G | File:Teeline letter G.svg | Go, Gentleman, Gentlemen | |
| H | File:Teeline letter H.svg | He | Written on the line, so it's not mistaken for a "P" |
| I | File:Teeline letter I 1.svg File:Teeline letter I 2.svg | I (singular), Eye | Also used as indicator I and words spelled with "Ing" |
| J | File:Teeline letter J.svg | Gentlemen | Can be given a meaning, Just |
| K | File:Teeline letter K.svg | Kilo, Kind, Like | |
| L | File:Teeline letter L 1.svg File:Teeline letter L 2.svg | Letter, Lady, a lot, a lot of | Upwards L can be used as an outline for facilities. Sharp "L" used before a G, M and N, upwards L afterwards. |
| M | File:Teeline letter M.svg | Me, May | |
| N | File:Teeline letter N.svg | And, Non, Nation, National, Begin, Beyond | Begin/Beyond are written below the line but Non, Nation and National are special outlines that use a special N (looking like an upside down Q). Also used in the T position to denote words ending in "ion", such as "junction". |
| O | File:Teeline letter O.svg File:Teeline letter O indicator.svg | Blood, bloodspot, pint of blood, or | Outline for "Blood" derived from blood groups, meaning that A, B and O can be used as an outline for each blood group. Also used as an indicator for words spelt with "ong" and "ology", so sociology would be written as "S,C, disjoined O". |
| P | File:Teeline letter P.svg | Page, Pence, Police | Can be blended with H to form word groupings with "At The post office" or "in the post", "In the Past" |
| Q | File:Teeline letter Q.svg | Queen, question, equal | |
| R | File:Teeline letter R.svg | Are, authority | |
| S | File:Teeline letter S.svg | South | |
| T | File:Teeline letter T.svg | to, too | |
| U | File:Teeline letter U.svg | You | Indicator used for words ending in "ung" and beginning in "un" |
| V | File:Teeline letter V.svg | Very, Evidence, evidently | "Evidence" and "Evidently" are written below the line |
| W | File:Teeline letter W.svg | We, way | |
| X | File:Teeline letter X.svg | Accident, accidentally | Can also be used for "Christ", "Christian", etc. Cf. X for "Christ" |
| Y | File:Teeline letter Y.svg | Your, Why | |
| Z | File:Teeline letter Z.svg | Zoo, Use | Can be replaced with an S |
| SH | shall, shell | represented as a longhand letter S and can be used in words like "special" or "social". | |
| CH | Chair(man/woman) | ||
| TH | The, Thousand(s) | Can be used in word groupings like "At The", "in The", etc., by putting the "At" or "in" in the T position. |
Writing techniqueEdit
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Teeline eliminates unnecessary letters, so that the remaining letters can be written in one swift, sweeping movement. People who use it daily will run words together: proficient users develop their own forms for common phrases, such as "more and more people" and "in the end".<ref name="pressgazette.co.uk">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
It is possible to write most words using basic Teeline theory, which consists of the alphabet and vowel indicators, but learning advanced Teeline theory allows users to increase their speed to well in excess of 100 words per minute.
Examples of Teeline theory include blending of letters (such as CM, CN and PL) and the R principle.
Doubling is also commonly used in Teeline - this involves lengthening the outlines for D, T, L, M and W to indicate that an R comes after these outlines - for example, the "D" outline becomes "DR" when it is lengthened, and "M" becomes "MR".
Speed can be dramatically increased through the use of reduced suffixes and prefixes that occur frequently, such as "under-", "multi-" and "trans-", along with "-nce", "-nch", "-able" and "-ing".
AdaptationsEdit
Although Teeline is used primarily in English, it has been adapted to other languages in the past, namely Welsh,<ref name="Welsh">Template:Cite book, and Template:Cite book</ref> French,<ref name="French">Template:Cite book</ref> German,<ref name="German">Template:Cite book, Template:Cite book and Template:Cite book</ref> and Spanish,.<ref name="Spanish">Template:Cite book</ref>
Notable usersEdit
Alastair Campbell used Teeline to write his diaries while serving as spokesman for UK Prime Minister Tony Blair.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He has claimed to have 120 wpm ability.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Campbell's tutor later reported that he was first in his class, reaching 100 wpm before others.Template:Citation needed But journalist and media commentator Roy Greenslade has questioned the value of shorthand in the digital era, noting an instance where a reporter's scrawl could not be read by a court-appointed expert.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> British MP Meg Hillier has said she wields Teeline at 100 wpm and is wary of any reporter who fires questions at her faster than she herself could jot down.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Jon Harris of Cavendish Press says training programmes that omit Teeline are short-changing their trainees. "Shorthand makes for a more rounded reporter; yet without it some of these courses are just 'Del Boy' degrees," he told the UK Press Gazette.<ref name="pressgazette.co.uk" />
In popular cultureEdit
Teeline appears on the cover of the album The Gaelic Chronicles by The Budapest Café Orchestra.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Fiddler Christian Garrick said he was astounded to find a reporter using shorthand during an interview, and asked her to scrawl the words for the album cover.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Teeline is referenced in "You're with us now", the sixth episode of the second season of the American television show Hanna, as a journalist's method for keeping notes that cannot be easily read by others.Template:Cn
It supplies a clue in episode 6 of series 7 of the Anglo-French TV show Death in Paradise entitled "Meditated in Murder".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>