Tehiya

Tehiya (Template:Langx), originally known as Banai ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, an abbreviation for Land of Israel Loyalists' AllianceTemplate:Efn), then Tehiya-Bnai ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), was an ultranationalist political party in Israel. The party existed from 1979 until 1992. In the eyes of many, Tehiya was identified with Geula Cohen, who founded the party and headed it throughout its existence.

Background

File:Tehiya-Tzomet.png

Tehiya-Tzomet Alliance Logo, 1984

The party was formed in 1979 during the term of the ninth Knesset, when Geula Cohen and Moshe Shamir broke away from Herut in response to the Camp David Treaty between Egypt and Israel, particularly the return of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, and the eviction of its Israeli settlers.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref>

Tehiya was strongly affiliated with the extra-parliamentary movement of Gush Emunim,<ref name=":0" /> and included prominent members of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza such as Hanan Porat (later to be a member of the Knesset for the National Religious Party and the National Union) and Elyakim Haetzni. Another founder and prominent member was the physicist Yuval Neeman.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref>

In its first electoral test, the 1981 legislative election, Tehiya picked up three seats. Despite their previous difference of opinion, they were included in Menachem Begin's coalition government alongside Likud, the National Religious Party, Agudat Israel, Tami and Telem. Although Cohen did not take a ministerial position, Neeman became Minister of Science and Development.<ref name=":2" />

In the 1984 elections, Tehiya became the third largest party in the Knesset after the Alignment and Likud, albeit with only five seats. However, they refused to participate in the national unity government of Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Shamir, which included the Alignment, Likud, the National Religious Party, Agudat Israel, Shas, Morasha, Shinui and Ometz.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> During the Knesset session Rafael Eitan defected from Tehiya to found a new party, Tzomet.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The party was reduced to three seats in the 1988 legislative election, and was again excluded from Shamir's national unity government. However, when the Alignment left the coalition in 1990, Tehiya were invited into a new narrow right-wing government which included Likud, the National Religious Party, Shas, Agudat Israel, Degel HaTorah, the New Liberal Party.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref> Although Cohen again declined a ministerial position, Neeman was appointed Minister of Energy and Infrastructure and Minister of Science and Technology. Despite its late entry to the government, the party pulled out of the coalition on 21 January 1992 in protest over Yitzhak Shamir's participation in the Madrid conference, which forced the government to hold new elections.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In the 1992 legislative election, the party failed to cross the electoral threshold, and subsequently disappeared, with Cohen joining Likud that year. It is likely that most of its electorate went to Eitan's Tzomet, who jumped from two seats in the 1988 elections to eight in the 1992 votes. The two parties had competed on the same secular right-wing electorate.<ref name=":1" />

Tehiya fronted a number of controversial positions in its time, some of which were adopted by the mainstream; most notably, the Jerusalem Law, which was proposed by the party and enacted on 30 July 1980 establishing Jerusalem as the capital of the State of Israel.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Structure

The structure of Tehiya was based on a military model due to Gideon Altshuler, former head of an IDF brigade being made Secretary General, and Shmuel Gordan, a former Lieutenant Colonel, being made head of organization.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The party only allowed Jewish members.<ref name=":2" /> Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists

Election results

Election	Leader	Votes	%	Seats	+/–	Status
1981	Yuval Ne'eman	44,700	2.31 (#7)	Template:Composition bar	Template:Increase 1	Template:Yes2
1984		With Tzomet		Template:Composition bar	Template:Increase 1	Template:No2
1988		45,489	1.99 (#10)	Template:Composition bar	Template:Decrease 1	Template:No2
						Template:Yes2
1992		31,957	1.22 (#11)	Template:Composition bar	Template:Decrease 3	Template:No

Knesset members

Knesset (MKs)	Knesset members
9th (2)	Geula Cohen, Moshe Shamir
10th (3)	Geula Cohen, Yuval Neeman, Hanan Porat (replaced by Zvi Shiloah)
11th (5 −1)	Geula Cohen, Yuval Neeman, Gershon Shafat, Eliezer Waldman − Rafael Eitan (to Tzomet)
12th (3)	Geula Cohen, Yuval Neeman (replaced by Elyakim Haetzni), Eliezer Waldman (replaced by Gershon Shafat)

Election platform

The Tehiya platform at the 1988 elections included:<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

• Jewish sovereignty over the Sinai Peninsula, West Bank, and Gaza Strip.
• Increasing the Jewish population in all parts of Jerusalem's Old City.
• Strengthening the Israel Defense Forces through advanced technology and strict penalties for refusal to serve.
• Expanding Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza, including creating a dedicated police force.
• Clemency for Jews convicted of crimes driven by "security distress."
• Limiting peace agreements to Arab states that accept Jewish control over all of the Land of Israel.
• Declaring Jordan as the Palestinian state and opposing any Palestinian state west of the Jordan River.
• Ending Palestinian access to the High Court of Justice.
• Enforcing the death penalty for severe acts of violence by Palestinians.
• Allowing soldiers to use lethal force against stone throwers.
• Imposing collective punishments on Palestinians.
• Building wide access roads through the historic centers of Palestinian cities.

External links

• Tehiya-Bnai Knesset website
• Tehiya Knesset website