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Television in Iraq

Article Discussion

Template:Short description Template:More citations needed Template:Use dmy dates Template:Culture of Iraq Iraq was home to the first television station in the Middle East, which began during the 1950s. As part of a plan to help Iraq modernize, British telecommunications company Pye Limited built and commissioned a television broadcast station in the capital city of Baghdad.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Following the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq, the Iraqi state media collapsed. In June 2004, a Communications and Media Commission was set up to approve and grant license for all the country's media.<ref name="amo12" /> By 2011, Iraq was the headquarters of 49 free-to-air satellite channels, one of the highest numbers in the region.<ref name="amo12" /> Until 2003, satellite dishes were banned in Iraq, and there was a limited number of national terrestrial stations.<ref name="amo12" /> After 2003, the sale of satellite dishes surged, and free-to-air channels entered the market.<ref name="amo12" /> There are 17 terrestrial channels, of which one is funded by the US government through the U.S. Agency for Global Media (Alhurra-Iraq), and seven are owned by the state broadcaster Iraqi Media Network.<ref name="amo12" /> In March 2011, Al Jazeera was granted rights to resume operations after being banned in 2004.<ref name="amo12" /> Plans were established to set up a free-media zone based in Baghdad, the Baghdad Media City, by the end of 2014.<ref name="amo12">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HistoryEdit

1956-2003Edit

Television first arrived in Iraq on 2 May 1956, at first only in the Baghdad area with a station named Baghdad Television on channel 8, switching to channel 9 in November 1959 after an increasing of its power. On 18 November 1967 the second TV station opened in Kirkuk,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> on 2 March 1968 a new transmitter had been opened in Mosul and on 6 November 1968 in Basrah.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 30 July 1972 Baghdad Television opened its second TV station on channel 7, and in 1974 two new stations opened in Amarah (capital city of the Maysan Governorate) and Samawah (capital city of the Muthanna Governorate), the latter one opening in March.<ref name=tvfactbook77>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In July 1976 colour television was introduced using the French SECAM system.<ref>The Asian Messenger</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> By 1976 the entire country could receive broadcasts from the central station in Baghdad after the installation of a microwave relay system.

Baghdad Television was the primary TV station<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in Iraq while Saddam Hussein was in power. Until the 2003 invasion of Iraq, much of its programming was patriotic music videos, government news and propaganda. It ceased broadcasting during the 2003 invasion when the transmitter network became inoperable due to bombing raids.

A second TV channel was established on 30 July 1972 broadcasting on channel 7 in the Baghdad area.<ref name=tvfactbook77/> The channel was renamed Youth Channel (Qanaat Al-Shabaab) on 17 July 1993 and broadcast subtitled Western movies and music videos before the 2003 invasion. Foreign programmes were censored to remove strong language, sex and violence so programming would be suitable for all ages. Other channels available included Baghdad Cultural TV, Al-Shabaab 2 and Iraq Satellite Channel.

Because BTV was free to air, it also received a substantial amount of attention from viewers outside Iraq, particularly during the 2003 invasion of the country.

2003-presentEdit

Many TV stations have appeared since the fall of Saddam. Under the direction of Ambassador L. Paul Bremer III as the Administrator, the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) began issuing radio and television licenses in June 2003 to meet the great demand for broadcasting licenses. The licenses were issued by the CPA Senior Adviser for Telecommunications. To plan for the expected great demand, this CPA office worked with Iraqi radio-frequency spectrum engineers and managers to develop a national FM-radio and TV channel allotment plan for all of the major Iraqi cities and towns. The national plan was developed using technical criteria and the Region 1 (Europe, Africa and the Middle East) allotment plan that was developed years before by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a United Nations treaty organization. The Iraqi allotment plan consisted of hundreds of FM radio and TV stations allotted to the cities and towns. The channels in the allotment plan were then open to anyone to apply for a license for a particular channel.

The CPA developed a few basic rules and regulations in June and July 2003 to provide a limited regulatory control of the broadcasters. For example, broadcasts inciting riots were prohibited. The overall CPA objective was to issue many licenses to provide for a plethora of diverse voices, information, music, and news to satisfy the desires and tastes of the Iraqi citizens. The CPA also recognized that broadcasting was a combination of business, advertising, journalism, engineering, and entertainment, and a robust and thriving broadcasting industry could provide a large number of excellent and highly desirable professional jobs that would reduce national unemployment. The CPA also recognized that commercial broadcasting could provide wealth-building opportunities to successful broadcasters.

The Iraqi Media Network (IMN), a public broadcasting network similar to the Public Broadcasting System in the United States, was issued radio and TV licenses by the CPA.

The CPA continued its work as the national broadcasting licensing and regulatory authority until June 2004 when the Iraq Communications and Media Commission (CMC) was established as the national regulatory agency that would issue licenses and regulate broadcasting and telecommunications.

In August 2014, LANA TV a new general entertainment channel started broadcasting regional series dubbed in Iraqi dialect. This is the first time that a TV Channel is broadcasting high quality Iraqi dubbing. LANA TV has hired Iraq's top theatre actors and actress such as Ustad Sami Qeftan to train the dubbing artists.

The overall result is that there are hundreds of radio and television stations operating in Iraq.

List of channelsEdit

{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= Template:Ambox }}

(Kurdistan Region)Edit

Channel Category Owner/Political Party United MixMedia iStar HD HD Box Family Box
4 Chra Template:Yes
Afarin Kids TV Kids Afarin Company Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
ACE Kids Kids Template:Yes
ACE Music Music Template:Yes
ACE Movies Cinema, Film Template:Yes
All Doc HD Documentary Template:Yes
All Sport HD Sport Template:Yes
Amozhgary Religious Template:Yes Template:Yes
Ankawa HD Template:Yes
Art Tv Template:Yes
Asman HD Template:Yes
ASO Sport Tv Sport Template:Yes
Astera HD Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
Astera Baby Kids Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes
Astera Documentary Documentary Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes
Astera Movies Cinema, Film Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes
Astera Music Music Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes
Astera Show Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes
Astera Sport Sport Template:No Template:Yes Template:Yes
AUC1 Kurdistan TV Business Template:No
AUC2 Kurdistan TV Business Template:No
Azadi Tv Template:Yes
BabyPanda HD Kids Template:No Template:Yes
Bangawaz Religious Template:Yes Template:Yes
Best HD Template:Yes
Biaban HD Template:Yes
Biaban Family HD Template:Yes
Biaban Movies HD Cinema, Film Template:Yes
Biaban Music HD Music Template:Yes
Biaban Sport HD Sport Template:Yes
Bablyon TV English Music Template:Yes
Badinan TV Template:No
Business Media Channel (BMC) Business Template:Yes
Chara HD Template:Yes Template:Yes
Cihan HD Template:Yes
Dahen Tv Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
Delal TV Template:Yes
Democracy HD General Template:Yes Template:Yes
Derwaze HD Template:Yes
DUHOK Template:Yes
Effect HD Template:Yes
ESTA Template:Yes
Falcon Eye HD Template:Yes
Falcon Family HD Template:Yes
Gali Kurdistan style="background: Template:Party color;" |Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Template:Yes
Gali Kurdistan Slemani style="background: Template:Party color;" |Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Template:Yes
Gali Kurdistan Sport Sport style="background: Template:Party color;" |Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Template:Yes
Gali Kurdistan Hawler style="background: Template:Party color;" |Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Template:Yes Template:Yes
GEM KURD General Template:No
Hawler TV Template:No
Hettaw TV Template:No
iBaby HD Kids Template:Yes Template:Yes
iMovies HD Cinema, Film Template:Yes Template:Yes
Jamawari Kurdistan HD Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party Template:Yes
Jojo Mama Kids Template:Yes Template:Yes
JSN HD Template:Yes
Judi Template:Yes Template:Yes
Kurdistan K24 News, Documentary style="background: Template:Party color;" | Kurdistan Democratic Party
Masrour Barzani 		Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
Kanal4 Template:No
Kirkuk TV General style="background: Template:Party color;" |Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Template:Yes
KOMALL HD Religious Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
Korek TV Music Template:Yes Template:Yes
Kurd Shop Shopping Template:No
Kurd Sport TV Sport style="background: Template:Party color;" |Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Template:No
Kurdistan Sport HD Sport Template:Yes
Kurd1 Channel Template:No
Kurdish News Network (KNN) News style="background: Template:Party color;" | Gorran Movement Template:Yes
Kurdistan Parliament TV Government Kurdistan Regional Government Template:No
Kurdistan TV General style="background: Template:Party color;" | Kurdistan Democratic Party Template:Yes
Kurdmax Template:Yes Template:Yes
Kurdmax Music Music Template:No Template:Yes
Kurdmax Show Template:Yes Template:Yes
Kurdmax Pepule Kids Template:Yes Template:Yes
Kurdsat General style="background: Template:Party color;" |Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Template:Yes
Kurdsat News News style="background: Template:Party color;" |Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Template:Yes
LAWAN HD Template:Yes Template:Yes
Live Dream Marketing HD Box Template:No Template:No Template:Yes Template:No
MaxTV Music Template:Yes
MINARA Template:Yes Template:Yes
Net TV General Aramo Media Template:Yes Template:Yes
New Art Template:No
Newline 1 Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
Newline 2 Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
Newline Bollywood Template:No Template:Yes Template:No
Newline Kids Kids Template:No Template:Yes Template:No
Newline Movies Cinema, Film Template:No Template:Yes Template:No
Niga Family HD Template:Yes Template:Yes
Niga Kids Kids Template:Yes Template:Yes
Niga Movies Cinema, Film Template:Yes Template:Yes
NIROJ TV Template:No
Nishtimani MN HD Template:Yes Template:Yes
NRT News News New Generation Movement
Shaswar Abdulwahid Qadir 		Template:Yes Template:Yes
NRT2 General New Generation Movement
Shaswar Abdulwahid Qadir 		Template:Yes Template:Yes
NRT3 Kids New Generation Movement
Shaswar Abdulwahid Qadir 		Template:Yes Template:Yes
NRT4 Religious New Generation Movement
Shaswar Abdulwahid Qadir 		Template:Yes Template:Yes
ntv Drama Template:Yes
Payam Tv Religious style="background: Template:Party color" |Kurdistan Islamic Group Template:Yes Template:Yes
Pelistank TV Kids Template:Yes
Parwarda Education Template:Yes
Qalat Tv Template:Yes
Rangin TV Template:No
Rasan Template:Yes Template:Yes
Rebari Template:No
Rega Political Communist Party of Kurdistan Template:No
Reklam 4u Marketing Template:No
Reng (TV channel) Template:Yes Template:Yes
Reng Documentary Documentary Template:Yes Template:Yes
Reng Kids Kids Template:Yes
Reng Music Music Template:Yes
Rudaw News, Documentary style="background: Template:Party color;" | Kurdistan Democratic Party
Nechirvan Barzani 		Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
Silemani Tv Template:Yes
Speda TV Religious style="background: Template:Party color;" |Kurdistan Islamic Union Template:Yes
Srusht Religious Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
Tueshw HD Template:Yes
U TV Religious style="background: Template:Party color;" |Kurdistan Islamic Union Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
U2 Channel Religious style="background: Template:Party color;" |Kurdistan Islamic Union Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
U TV Sulaimani Religious style="background: Template:Party color;" |Kurdistan Islamic Union Template:Yes Template:Yes
UMM Marketing United MixMedia Template:Yes Template:No Template:No Template:No
Vîn TV Music Sarkat Junad Rekani & Kawa Junad Rekani Template:No
WAAR TV General Palo Co. Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes Template:Yes
WAAR TV Sport Sport Template:No
Xak TV style="background: Template:Party color;" |Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Template:Yes
Xak Kids Kids style="background: Template:Party color;" |Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Template:Yes
Xak Movies Cinema, Film style="background: Template:Party color;" |Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Template:Yes
Xak Music Music style="background: Template:Party color;" |Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Template:Yes
Xezan HD Music Template:No Template:Yes
Zagros TV General style="background: Template:Party color;" | Kurdistan Democratic Party Template:Yes Template:Yes
Zaro tv Government, Kids Kurdistan Regional Government Template:No
Zarok TV (Based in Turkey) Kids Template:No

(Rest of Iraq)Edit

Template:More citations needed

Channel Category Owner/Political Party Broadcaster
Al Anwar TV 2 Religious
Al Hurra Iraq News United States
Radio Sawa General United States
Aletejah TV News, Political Kata'ib Hezbollah
Al Iraqiya News Republic of Iraq
Al Iraqiya Business Business Republic of Iraq
Al Iraqyia Educational Educational Republic of Iraq
Al Iraqyia Aramaic General Republic of Iraq
Al Iraqyia Turkmen General Republic of Iraq
Al Iraqyia Kurd General Republic of Iraq
AL Iraqyia Sports Republic of Iraq
Al Falluja TV General Khamis Al-Khanjar
Al Sharqiya General Saad al-Bazzaz
Al Sumaria General Businessmen
Al Baghdadia TV General Awn Al Khashlok
Al Forat News Ammar al-Hakim
Al Rasheed TV General Saad Asem Al-Janabi
Al Rafidain TV News, Political
Al Remas TV Music
Ashur TV Assyrian Democratic Movement
Afaq TV Nuri al-Maliki
Anbar TV General Al-Anbar Governorate
Aghanina TV Music
iNEWS TV News
Nawa TV
Biladi Ibrahim Al-Jaafari
Baghdad TV
Dijla TV General Jamal Al-Karboli
Ahlulbayt TV Religious
Al Masar
Al Fayha
Ishtar TV General Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council
Babylon TV General
LANA TV
Mosul TV General Ghazi Faisal
Asia Network Television General
Karbala TV Religious
Alahad TV News, Religious Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
Hadi TV Hadi Foundation
Iraq 24 Television Business Ali Wayieh
MBC Iraq General Middle East Broadcasting Center
UTV General Sarmad Al Khanjar
Turkmeneli TV General Turkmen Front
Shabab Sports Sports Businessmen
Samarra TV General Businessmen
Sama Al Mosul General Businessmen
Saladin TV General Saladin Governorate

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

Template:Iraqi broadcast television Template:Television in Asia Template:Telecommunications

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