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The Dark Crystal

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Template:Short description Template:About Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox film The Dark Crystal is a 1982 dark fantasy film directed by Jim Henson and Frank Oz. It stars the voices of Stephen Garlick, Lisa Maxwell, Billie Whitelaw, Percy Edwards, and Barry Dennen. The film was produced by ITC Entertainment and The Jim Henson Company and distributed by Universal Pictures. The plot revolves around Jen and Kira, two Gelflings on a quest to restore balance to the world of Thra and overthrow the evil, ruling Skeksis by restoring a powerful broken Crystal.

It was marketed as a family film, but was notably darker than the creators' previous material. The animatronics used in the film were considered groundbreaking for the time, with most creatures, like the Gelflings, requiring around four puppeteers to achieve full manipulation. The primary concept artist was fantasy illustrator Brian Froud, famous for his distinctive fairy and dwarf designs. Froud also collaborated with Henson on the 1986 fantasy film Labyrinth.

The Dark Crystal was produced by Gary Kurtz, while the screenplay was written by David Odell, with whom Henson previously worked as a staff writer for The Muppet Show. The film score was composed by Trevor Jones. The film initially received mixed reviews from mainstream critics; while being criticized for its darker, more dramatic tone in contrast to Henson's previous works, it was praised for its narrative, aesthetic, and characters. Over the years, it has been re-evaluated by critics and has garnered a cult following.<ref name=Cult/>

An Emmy Award-winning prequel television series, The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance, premiered on Netflix in 2019 and ran for one season.

PlotEdit

On the blighted planet Thra 1,000 years earlier, a powerful crystal cracked and two new races appeared: the cruel Skeksis, who use the crystal's power to extend their lives, and gentle Mystics, the urRu,Template:Efn who dwell in a secluded valley. Among the Mystics is Jen, a young Gelfling adopted after the Skeksis slaughtered his clan. As the Great Conjunction of the world's three suns draws near, the dying Mystic Master instructs Jen to fulfill a prophecy to heal the crystal by first retrieving a missing shard from Aughra. If Jen fails to complete his quest before the three suns meet, the Skeksis will rule forever. The Master then dies, and the Skeksis Emperor dies simultaneously. The Skeksis General successfully challenges the Chamberlain for succession in a "trial by stone" and banishes him from the castle. When the Skeksis learn of Jen's existence, they send their army of giant crab-like Garthim to capture him, with the cunning Chamberlain following.

Jen meets Aughra and enters her orrery. Offered several shards, he chooses one that responds when he plays the Mystics' chord on his flute. Before Aughra can explain Jen's mission, the Garthim arrive and destroy the orrery, taking Aughra prisoner as Jen flees. Hearing the crystal's call, the Mystics leave their valley and journey to the castle. On his journey through a forest swamp, Jen meets Kira, another Gelfling. The two learn more about each other when they accidentally "dreamfast", sharing each other's memories. They stay for a night with the Podlings who raised Kira, only for them and Kira's pet Fizzgig to flee when the Garthim raid the village. They are nearly caught, but the Chamberlain orders the Garthim back.

Jen and Kira discover a ruined Gelfling city where a prophecy is inscribed:

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By Gelfling hand or else by none."{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

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Jen realizes that he must take the shard to the castle. The Chamberlain approaches and begs them to come to the castle with him. The Gelflings flee and reach the castle on Landstriders, intercepting the Garthim that raided Kira's village. They attack to free the Podlings but are cornered. Kira grabs Jen and Fizzgig and reveals wings that she uses to glide into the castle's dry moat. They enter the castle through the catacombs while above the Skeksis Scientist uses the crystal's rays to extract vital essence from Podlings. The Emperor drinks the essence and finds that it has only temporary restorative effects, unlike Gelfling essence whose effects last longer. The Chamberlain tries again to seize the Gelflings, and Jen stabs his hand with the shard; elsewhere the Mystic Chanter notices a wound on his hand. Enraged, the Chamberlain buries Jen in a cave-in and takes Kira as a gift to the Emperor. The Emperor reinstates him and orders Kira drained of essence. Aughra, imprisoned in the laboratory, tells Kira to call the captive animals for help. They break free and attack the Scientist, who deflects the draining prism before falling into the fiery crystal shaft; on a rocky plain, the Mystic Alchemist vanishes in flames. Aughra frees herself while Jen, awakened by Kira's call, climbs up the shaft to the laboratory.

The Gelflings make their way to a hall overlooking the crystal chamber, where the Skeksis gather for the conjunction ceremony. When the Skeksis spot them and order the Garthim to attack, Jen leaps onto the crystal but drops the shard. Kira glides down to the chamber, grabs the shard and throws it to Jen before the High Priest stabs her fatally. As the suns align Jen plunges the shard into the crystal, producing a force that throws him aside. The Garthim disintegrate and the drained Podlings regain their vitality while the dark stone covering the castle crumbles to reveal a crystalline structure. The Mystics arrive and use the crystal's light to draw the Skeksis to themselves, merging into angelic urSkeks. The urSkek leader tells Jen that they shattered the crystal a thousand years ago, sundering themselves and upsetting the world's balance. They revive Kira in gratitude and ascend toward the suns, leaving the crystal to light the rejuvenated world.

CastEdit

Template:See also

MainEdit

SkeksisEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

urRu / MysticsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

  • Seán Barrett as urZah the Ritual-Guardian, performed by Brian Muehl.
    • Muehl also performs the Master
  • David Greenaway as the Healer, performed by Richard Slaughter.
  • Jean Pierre Amiel as the Weaver
  • Hugh Spight as the Cook
  • Robby Barnett as the Numerologist
  • Swee Lim as the Herbalist
  • Simon Williamson as the Chanter, counterpart of the Chamberlain
  • Hus Levant as the Scribe
  • Toby Philpott as the Alchemist, counterpart of the Scientist

OthersEdit

  • Percy Edwards as Fizzgig: a dog-like animal that is Kira's pet, performed by Dave Goelz.
  • Joseph O'Conor as the urSkek leader, and the Narrator.
  • Hugh Spight, Swee Lim, and Robbie Barnett as the Landstriders.
  • Miki Iveria, Patrick Monckton, Sue Weatherby, and Barry Dennen as the voices of the Podlings/Pod People.

ProductionEdit

DevelopmentEdit

Template:Rquote

Henson's inspiration for the visual aspects of the film came around 1975–76,<ref name="fantasticfilms">Fantastic Films Template:Webarchive #32, February, 1983</ref> after he saw an illustration by Leonard B. Lubin in a 1975 edition of Lewis Carroll's poetry showing crocodiles living in a palace and wearing elaborate robes and jewelry.<ref name="odell2012">David Odell (2012), "Reflections on Making The Dark Crystal and Working with Jim Henson". In: Froud, B., Dysart, J., Sheikman, A. & John, L. The Dark Crystal: Creation Myths, Vol. II. Archaia. Template:ISBN</ref><ref name="mcara2013">McAra, Catriona (2013) A Natural History of "The Dark Crystal": The Conceptual Design of Brian Froud. In: The Wider Worlds of Jim Henson. McFarland, Jefferson, pp. 101-116.</ref><ref name="froud2003">Brian Froud (2003), "A Journey into The Dark Crystal". In: Froud, B. & Llewellyn, J. J., The World of the Dark Crystal. Pavilion Books. Template:ISBN</ref> The film's conceptual roots lay in Henson's short-lived The Land of Gorch, which also took place in an alien world with no human characters.<ref name="mcara2013"/> According to co-director Frank Oz, Henson's intention was to "get back to the darkness of the original Grimms' Fairy Tales", as he believed that it was unhealthy for children to never be afraid.<ref>Peter Hartlaub, Q&A: Frank Oz on Henson, “Dark Crystal” and the Kwik Way Template:Webarchive, SFGate, (Jun 28, 2007)</ref>

Henson formulated his ideas into a 25-page story he entitled "The Crystal", which he wrote whilst snowed in at an airport hotel.<ref name="odell2012"/> Henson's original concept was set in a world called Mithra, a wooded land with talking mountains, walking boulders and animal-plant hybrids. The original plot involved a malevolent race called the Reptus group, which took power in a coup against the peaceful Eunaze, led by Malcolm the Wise. The last survivor of the Eunaze was Malcolm's son Brian, who was adopted by the Bada, Mithra's mystical wizards.<ref name="mithra">Jim Henson, The Mithra Treatment [DVD special Feature]. The Dark Crystal: Collector's Edition, Dir. Jim Henson & Frank Oz. 1982. Colombia Tristar Home Entertainment, 2003. DVD.</ref>

This draft contained elements in the final product, including the three races, the two funerals, the quest, a female secondary character, the Crystal, and the reunification of the two races during the Great Conjunction. "Mithra" was later abbreviated to "Thra", due to similarities the original name had with an ancient Persian deity.<ref name="odell2012"/> The character Kira was also at that point called Dee.<ref name="froud2003"/>

Most of the philosophical undertones of the film were inspired by Jane Roberts's collection of writings Seth Material. Henson kept multiple copies of Seth Speaks, and insisted that Froud and screenwriter David Odell read it prior to collaborating for the film. Odell later wrote that Aughra's line "He could be anywhere then", upon being told by Jen that his Master was dead, could not have been written without having first read Roberts' material.<ref name="odell2012"/>

The Bada were renamed "Ooo-urrrs", which Henson would pronounce "very slowly and with a deep resonant voice". Odell simplified the spelling to urRu, though they were ultimately named Mystics in the theatrical cut. The word "Skeksis" was initially meant to be the plural, with "Skesis" being singular, though this was dropped early in the filming process. Originally, Henson wanted the Skeksis to speak their own constructed language, with the dialogue subtitled in English.<ref name="odell2012"/>

Accounts differ as to who constructed the language, and on what it was based. Gary Kurtz stated that the Skeksis language was conceived by author Alan Garner, who based it on Ancient Egyptian,<ref name="kurtz">Hutchinson, David. "Producing the world of The Dark Crystal: A new direction for the man behind ‘Star Wars" and "Empire" Gary Kurtz". Starlog: The Magazine of the Future. 66 (January 1983):19-20.</ref> while Odell stated it was he who created it, and that it was formed from Indo-European roots. This idea was dropped after test screening audiences found the captions too distracting, but the original effect can be observed in selected scenes on the various DVD releases.<ref name="odell2012"/> The language of the Podlings was based on Serbo-Croatian, with Kurtz noting that audience members fluent in Polish, Russian and other Slavic languages could understand individual words, but not whole sentences.<ref name="kurtz"/>

File:Gordale Beck flowing down Gordale Scar - geograph.org.uk - 872118.jpg
Gordale Scar, one of the locations used in filming.

The film was shot at Elstree Studios from April to September 1981, with exterior scenes being shot in the Scottish Highlands; Gordale Scar, North Yorkshire, and Twycross, Leicestershire, both in England. Once filming was completed, the film's release was delayed after Lew Grade sold ITC Entertainment to Robert Holmes à Court, who was skeptical of the film's potential, due to the bad reactions at the preview and the need to re-voice the film's soundtrack. The film was afforded minimal advertisement and release until Henson bought it from Holmes à Court and funded its release with his own money.<ref name="odell2012"/>

DesignEdit

File:Skeksis on Display.jpg
The original Skeksis costume skekUng on display at the Center for Puppetry Arts in Atlanta, Georgia, United States.

Brian Froud was chosen as concept artist after Henson saw one of his paintings in the book Once upon a time.<ref name="froud2003"/> The characters in the film are elaborate puppets, and none are based on humans or any other specific Earth creature. Before its release, The Dark Crystal was billed as the first live-action film without any humans on screen, and "a showcase for cutting-edge animatronics".Template:Sfn

The hands and facial features of the ground-breaking animatronic puppets in the film were controlled with relatively primitive rods and cables, although radio control later took over many of the subtler movements.Template:Sfn Human performers inside the puppets supplied basic movement for the larger creatures, which in some cases was dangerous or exhausting.Template:Sfn Swiss mime Jean-Pierre Amiel led a team of dancers, acrobats and others in performing the Mystics,<ref name="world">Making-of. The World of the Dark Crystal. Dir. Jim Henson & Frank Oz. 1982. Colombia Tristar Home Video, 1999. DVD.</ref> with Amiel himself performing the Weaver Mystic. Both Jen's dying Mystic master and the Ritual Guardian were performed by Brian Muehl, a recurring puppeteer on Sesame Street at the time, and many of the other Mystic performers would go on to work on the Star Wars film Return of the Jedi, as would two of the Skeksis' puppeteers, Mike Quinn (Slave Master) and Tim Rose (Treasurer).

When conceptualizing the Skeksis, Henson had in mind the seven deadly sins, though because there were ten Skeksis, some sins had to be invented or used twice.<ref name="world"/> Froud originally designed them to resemble deep sea fish,<ref name="light">Making-of. Reflections of the Dark Crystal: Light on the Path of Creation. Dir. Michael Gillis. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, 2007. DVD.</ref> but later designed them as "part reptile, part predatory bird, part dragon", with an emphasis on giving them a "penetrating stare."<ref name="world"/> Each Skeksis was conceived as having a different "job" or function, thus each puppet was draped in multicolored robes meant to reflect their personalities and thought processes.<ref name="light"/>

Each Skeksis suit required a main performer (from Jim Henson's main team of puppeteers, most of whom had previously worked on The Muppet Show), whose arm would be extended over his or her head in order to operate the creature's facial movements, while the other arm operated its left hand. Another performer would operate the Skeksis' right arm. A team of four technicians operated the Skeksis' hand and face animatronics. The Skeksis performers compensated for their lack of vision by having a monitor tied to their chests.<ref name="shard">Making-of. Reflections of the Dark Crystal: Shard of Illusion. Dir. Michael Gillis. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, 2007. DVD.</ref> The Chamberlain Skeksis, in particular, was built with 21 electronic components.

One Skesis puppet, identified as "SkekGek", is displayed at the Museum of the Moving Image.

File:UrRu.jpg
Mystic puppet, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History.

In designing the Mystics, Froud portrayed them as being more connected to the natural world than their Skeksis counterparts. Henson intended to convey the idea that they were purged of all materialistic urges, yet were incapable of acting in the real world. Froud also incorporated geometric symbolism throughout the film in order to hint at the implied unity of the two races.<ref name="light"/> The Mystics were the hardest creatures to perform, as the actors had to walk on their haunches with their right arm extended forward, with the full weight of the head on it. Henson stated that he could hold a position in a Mystic costume for only 5–10 seconds.<ref name="world"/>

File:Gelfling costumes British Library 2024.jpg
Gelfling costumes displayed at the British Library (2024).

The Gelflings were designed and sculpted by Wendy Midener. They were difficult to perform, as they were meant to be the most human creatures in the film, and thus their movements, particularly their gait, had to be as realistic as possible. During scenes when the Gelflings' legs were off-camera, the performers walked on their knees in order to make the character's movements more lifelike.<ref name="shard"/> According to Odell, the character Jen was Henson's way of projecting himself into the film.<ref name="light"/> Jen was originally meant to be blue, in homage to the Hindu deity Rama, but this idea was scrapped early on.<ref name="mcara2013"/>

Aughra was originally envisioned as a "busy, curious little creature" called Habeetabat, though the name was rejected by Froud, who found the name too similar to Habitat, a retailer he despised. The character was re-envisioned as a seer or prophetess, and renamed Aughra. In selecting a voice actor for Aughra, Henson was inspired by Zero Mostel's performance as a "kind of insane bird trying to overcome Tourettes syndrome" on Watership Down. Although the character was originally voiced by Oz, Henson wanted a female voice, and subsequently selected Billie Whitelaw.<ref name="odell2012"/>

The character Fizzgig was invented by Oz, who wanted a character who served the same function as the Muppet poodle Foo-Foo, feeling that, like Miss Piggy, the character Kira needed an outlet for her caring, nurturing side.<ref name="odell2012"/> The character's design was meant to convey the idea of a "boyfriend-repellant", to contrast the popular idea that it is easier to form a bond with a member of the opposite sex with the assistance of a cute dog.<ref name="light"/>

The Podlings were envisioned as people in complete harmony with their natural surroundings, thus Froud based their design on that of potatoes.<ref name="world"/> Their village was modeled on the Henson family home.<ref name="light"/>

In designing the Garthim, Froud took inspiration from the discarded carapaces of his and Henson's lobster dinners.<ref name="froud2003"/><ref name="light"/> The Garthim were first designed three years into the making of the film, and were made largely of fiberglass. Each costume weighed around Template:Convert, thus Garthim performers still in costume had to frequently be suspended on racks in order to recuperate.<ref name="world"/>

The Dark Crystal was the last film in which cinematographer Oswald Morris involved himself in before retiring. He shot all the footage with a "light flex", a unit placed in front of the camera which gave a faint color tint to each scene in order to give the film a more fairy tale atmosphere similar to Froud's original paintings.<ref name="world"/>

MusicEdit

The film's soundtrack was composed by Trevor Jones, who became involved before shooting had started.<ref name="Hoover2010">Template:Cite book</ref> Jones initially wanted to compose a score which reflected the settings' oddness by using acoustical instruments, electronics and building structures. This was scrapped in favor of an orchestral score performed by the London Symphony Orchestra once Gary Kurtz became involved, as it was felt that an unusual score would alienate audiences. The main theme of the film is a composite of the Skeksis' and Mystics' themes.<ref>Cinemascore 2011.</ref> Jones wrote the baby Landstrider theme in honor of his newly born daughter.<ref>"The Dark Crystal" at Oscars Outdoors Template:Webarchive, Oscars.org (September 4, 2012)</ref>

Release and receptionEdit

Box officeEdit

The Dark Crystal was released in 858 theaters in North America on December 17, 1982 and finished third for the weekend with a gross of $4,657,335, behind Tootsie and The Toy, performing better than some people expected.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In its initial weekends, it had a limited appeal with some audiences for various reasons, including parental concerns about its dark nature when contrasted with Henson's family-friendly Muppet franchise.Template:Sfn In its third weekend, it moved up to second place nationally with a gross of $5,405,071 from 1,052 screens.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> It made $40,577,001 in its box office run, managing to turn a profit. The film became the 16th highest-grossing film of 1982 within North America.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> To date, it technically remains as one of the highest-grossing puppet animated films of all time, particularly for its domestic gross.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

It made £2.4 million in the UK.<ref name="org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ReceptionEdit

The film received a mixed response upon its original release, but has earned a more positive reception in later years, becoming a favorite with fans of Henson and fantasy.Template:Sfn Vincent Canby of The New York Times negatively reviewed the film, describing it as a "watered down J. R. R. Tolkien... without charm as well as interest."Template:Sfn Kevin Thomas gave it a more positive assessment in the Los Angeles Times: "Unlike many screen fantasies, The Dark Crystal casts its spell from its very first frames and proceeds so briskly that it's over before you realize it. You're left with the feeling that you have just awakened from a dream."Template:Sfn Richard Corliss of Time magazine wrote: "The invention is impressive, but there is little indication of the Henson-Oz trademark: a sense of giddy fun. Audiences nourished on the sophisticated child's play of the Sesame Street Muppets and the music-hall camaraderie of The Muppet Show may not be ready to relinquish pleasure for awe as they enter The Dark CrystalTemplate:'s palatial cavern."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Variety praised the film as "a dazzling technological and artistic achievement ...that could teach a lesson in morality to youngsters at the same time it is entertaining their parents."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Gary Arnold of The Washington Post wrote the main characters were "the softest and potentially weakest figures" in the film, but nevertheless, "The Dark Crystal leaves no doubt that Jim Henson and his colleagues have reached a point where they can create and sustain a powerfully enchanting form of cinematic fantasy."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Gene Siskel of The Chicago Tribune awarded the film Template:Frac out of four stars in which he felt "...the resultant absence of dramatic tension cripples 'Crystal,' which doesn't have much going for it save for weird characters, who look like they just walked in from the bar scene in Star Wars. In fact, a lot of this movie looks like it was ripped off from Star Wars."<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> Colin Greenland, reviewing for Imagine magazine, stated that "The Dark Crystal is a technical masterpiece with splendid special effects work by a team two dozen strong. It may be that they did well to keep the story simple and then lavish a wealth of detail on it, rather than go for a more complicated fantasy and fail."<ref name="Imagine4">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

John Nubbin reviewed The Dark Crystal for Different Worlds magazine and stated that "it very well may be that he who laughs last actually does laugh best. The Dark Crystal has all the earmarks of a winner, at exactly the time when we need one."<ref name="dw26">Template:Cite journal</ref>

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of Template:RT data based on Template:RT data reviews, with an average rating of Template:RT data. The website's critical consensus reads: "The Dark CrystalTemplate:'s narrative never quite lives up to the movie's visual splendor, but it remains an admirably inventive and uniquely intense entry in the Jim Henson canon."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On Metacritic it has a weighted average score of 66 out of 100 based on reviews from 13 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2008, the American Film Institute nominated this film for its Top 10 Fantasy Films list.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Awards and nominationsEdit

Year Award Category Nominee Result Template:Abbreviation
1983 BAFTA Film Award Best Special Visual Effects Roy Field
Brian Smithies
Ian Wingrove 		Template:Nom citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival Grand Prize Jim Henson
Frank Oz 		Template:Won citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Hugo Awards Best Dramatic Presentation Jim Henson
Frank Oz
Gary Kurtz
David Odell 		Template:Nom citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Saturn Awards Best Fantasy Film Template:Won citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Best Special Effects Roy Field
Brian Smithies 		Template:Nom <ref name="movetotrash.co.uk"/>
Best Poster Art Richard Amsel Template:Nom
2008 Best DVD Classic Film Release Template:Nom citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Home mediaEdit

The Dark Crystal was first released on VHS, Betamax, and CED by Thorn EMI Video in 1983. The company's successor HBO Video re-released it on VHS in 1988 and also released it in widescreen on LaserDisc for the first time. On July 29, 1994, Jim Henson Video (through Disney's Buena Vista Home Video) re-released the film again on VHS and on a new widescreen LaserDisc. On October 5, 1999, Columbia TriStar Home Video and Jim Henson Home Entertainment gave the film one final VHS release and also released it on DVD for the first time and it has had multiple re-releases since including a Collector's Edition on November 25, 2003, and a 25th Anniversary Edition on August 14, 2007. It was also released on UMD Universal Media Disc for PlayStation Portable (PSP) on July 26, 2005. It was released on Blu-ray on September 29, 2009.

Another anniversary edition of The Dark Crystal was announced in December 2017, with a brand-new restoration from the original camera negative, and was released on Blu-ray and 4K Blu-ray on March 6, 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Prior to the 4K/Blu-Ray release, Fathom Events presented the restored print of The Dark Crystal in US cinemas on February 25 and 28, and March 3 and 6, 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On January 1, 2024, a worldwide distribution agreement signed between Shout! Studios and the Jim Henson Company for The Dark Crystal and Labyrinth as well as associated content went into effect. The agreement grants Shout! Studios streaming, video-on-demand, broadcast, digital download, packaged media and limited non-theatrical rights to the films. The company released the films on all major digital entertainment platforms on February 6, 2024.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

NovelizationEdit

A tie-in novelization of the film was written by A. C. H. Smith. Henson took a keen interest in the novelization, as he considered it a legitimate part of the film's world rather than just an advertisement. He originally asked Alan Garner to write it, but Garner declined on account of prior engagements. Henson and Smith met several times over meals to discuss the progress of the manuscript. According to Smith, their only major disagreement had arisen over his dislike of the Podlings, which he considered "boring". He included a scene in which a Garthim carrying a sackful of Podlings fell down a cliff and crushed them. Henson considered this scene to be an element of "gratuitous cruelty" that did not fit well into the scope of the story. In order to assist Smith in his visualizing the world of The Dark Crystal, Henson invited him to visit Elstree Studios during filming.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In June 2014, Archaia Entertainment reprinted the novelization, with included extras such as some of Brian Froud's illustrations and Jim Henson's notes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Cancelled sequelEdit

During the development phase of The Dark Crystal, director Jim Henson and writer David Odell discussed ideas for a possible sequel. Almost 25 years later, Odell and his wife Annette Duffy pieced together what Odell could recall from these discussions to draft a script for The Power of the Dark Crystal.Template:Sfn Genndy Tartakovsky was initially hired in January 2006 to direct and produce the film through The Orphanage animation studios in California.<ref>The Jim Henson Company 2006.</ref>

However, faced with considerable delays, the Jim Henson Company announced a number of significant changes in a May 2010 press release: It was going to partner with Australia-based Omnilab Media to produce the sequel, screenwriter Craig Pearce had reworked Odell and Duffy's script, and directing team Michael and Peter Spierig were replacing Tartakovsky. In addition, the film would be released in stereoscopic 3D.<ref>The Jim Henson Company 2010.</ref>

During a panel held at the Museum of the Moving Image on September 18, 2011, to commemorate the legacy of Jim Henson, his daughter Cheryl revealed that the project was yet again on hiatus.Template:Sfn By February 2012 Omnilab Media and the Spierig brothers had parted ways with the Henson Company due to budgetary concerns; production on the film has been suspended indefinitely.Template:Sfn In May 2014, Lisa Henson confirmed that the film was still in development, but it was not yet in pre-production.<ref name="vulture.com">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Ultimately, plans for a feature film were scrapped, and the unproduced screenplay was adapted into a 12-issue comic book series The Power of the Dark Crystal from Archaia Comics and BOOM! Studios, released in 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Spin-offsEdit

Prequel comicsEdit

Legends of the Dark Crystal, an original English-language manga written by Barbara Kesel with art by Heidi Arnhold, Jessica Feinberg, and Max Kim, was published by Tokyopop. Its story is set hundreds of years before the events of The Dark Crystal, after the Great Conjunction which saw the splitting of the urSkeks into the Mystics and the Skeksis, but before the extermination of the Gelflings. The first volume of the series came out November 2007, followed sometime later by the second in August 2010. A third installment had been originally planned but was canceled and subsequently merged into the second volume.Template:Sfn

Another comic book prequel, The Dark Crystal: Creation Myths, was published by Archaia Entertainment as a series of three graphic novels.<ref>Archaia Entertainment 2011.</ref> The Henson Company and Archaia began collaborating on this project in late 2009.Template:Sfn A brief preview was made available on Free Comic Book Day in May 2011,<ref>Diamond Comic Distributors 2010.</ref> and the first installment was released January 2012, shortly thereafter spending two weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list of hardcover graphic books. In February 2013, the second installment was officially released. The third and final part was released in October 2015.

Prequel novelsEdit

On July 1, 2013, an announcement was made by The Jim Henson Company, in association with Grosset and Dunlap (a publishing division of Penguin Group USA) that they would be hosting a Dark Crystal Author Quest contest to write a new Dark Crystal novel, as a prequel to the original film. It would be set in the Dark Crystal world during a Gelfling Gathering. The winning author was J.M. (Joseph) Lee of Minneapolis, Minnesota, whose story, "The Ring of Dreams," was selected from almost 500 contest submissions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The novel series consists of four books: Shadows of the Dark Crystal, released on June 28, 2016; Song of the Dark Crystal, released July 18, 2017; Tides of the Dark Crystal, released December 24, 2018; and Flames of the Dark Crystal, released on August 27, 2019. Together, the novels serve to establish the setting of the Netflix series The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance, focusing on adventures of some of the series' side characters.

Prequel seriesEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In May 2017, it was announced that The Jim Henson Company in association with Netflix would produce a prequel series titled The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance. Shooting began in the fall of 2017 with Louis Leterrier as director.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The prequel was written by Jeffrey Addiss, Will Matthews, and Javier Grillo-Marxuach.<ref name="auto">Template:Cite news</ref> The series premiered on August 30, 2019<ref name="Prequel Release Date">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="Cult">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and explores in ten episodes the world created for the original film.<ref name="auto"/>

In other mediaEdit

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  • In the Jim Henson's Creature Shop Challenge episode "Return of the Skeksis", the competing creature designers had to work in teams of three to build a Skeksis that has been banished to different parts of Thra and has been called back to the Skeksis Castle.
  • The song "Return to Oz" by the band Scissor Sisters on the album Scissor Sisters (2004) features a reference to the film's antagonists the Skeksis: The Skeksis at the rave meant to hide deep inside their sunken faces and their wild, rolling eyes, But their callous words reveal that they can no longer feel.
  • The song "Skeksis" on the album Alien by Canadian band Strapping Young Lad is named after the film's antagonists; the song itself contains an interpolation of the film's theme melody.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Singer-songwriter Devin Townsend would later base Ziltoid the Omniscient on the characters from the film.

  • Dark Crystal Tales by Cory Godbey, a children's book of short stories, was released in August 2017.
  • A book entitled The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance: Inside the Epic Return to Thra was released in November 2019, two months after the Netflix series premiered. It details the making of the series and features concept art, interviews, set photography, and more.
  • In October 2020, a guide to the characters and creatures from the Dark Crystal universe called The Dark Crystal Bestiary: The Definitive Guide to the Creatures of Thra was released.
  • In January 2021, the River Horse company has announced that it is developing a role-playing game set in the world of both the original film and the Netflix prequel series called The Dark Crystal Adventure Game that will be released in 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • In March 2021, it was announced that the Royal Opera House will adapt the film into a ballet entitled The Dark Crystal: Odyssey. It will be directed and choreographed by Wayne McGregor and is described as a "coming-of-age story" for family audiences.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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See alsoEdit

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NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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BibliographyEdit

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External linksEdit

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