The Freecycle Network
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The Freecycle Network (TFN) is a private, nonprofit organization<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> registered in Arizona, US and is a charity in the United Kingdom.<ref>"Freecycle UK" is registered under charity number 1118148Template:Dead link and its registration refers to uk.freecycle.org as its official website address.</ref> TFN coordinates a worldwide network of "gifting" groups to divert reusable goods from landfills. The network provides a worldwide online registry, organizing the creation of local groups and forums for individuals and nonprofits to offer (or request) free items for reuse or recycling and to promote a gift economy.<ref name=Shah2007>Template:Cite book</ref> In contrast, although flea markets and swap meets also contribute to the 3 Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), they involve mainly buying and selling or bartering rather than gifting.
HistoryEdit
Template:More citations needed section TFN first began when its founder, Deron Beal, collaborated with RISE, a small nonprofit corporation that offers recycling services in the downtown area of Tucson, Arizona, US.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The team worked together to find local nonprofits that could potentially use their products, but it was not too successful. Hence, Beal created the first Freecycle email that enabled online users to interact with recycling. In February 2005, TFN accepted $130,000 from Waste Management to help build out the website and the network.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Over time, the concept has spread to over 110 countries,<ref name="The Freecycle Network - Note of total number of countries">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> with thousands of local groups and millions of members.<ref name="The Freecycle Network - History and Background">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The organization began as a collection of Yahoo! Groups linked from freecycle.org. It has become a web-community platform on freecycle.org for all groups, which are run by local volunteers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> TFN encourages the formation of new groups, subject to approval by regional new-group approvers. Groups approved by TFN are listed on the website, can use the TFN name and logo, and are subject to rules which are enforced by a network of global and regional group outreach assistance.<ref name="The Freecycle Network - Required Group Guidelines">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As of March 2009, all new groups had to join freecycle.org's new-group system, which provides Freecycle-specific tools for local volunteer moderators and gives TFN oversight of individual groups. As of 2015, all local groups are listed on freecycle.org.Template:Citation needed
MembershipEdit
Membership is completely free to all members, and everything posted on the website must be completely free, legal, and appropriate for everyone regardless of their age.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Today, TFN is a global organization with over 4,000 local chapters. They passed two-million-member in February 2006.<ref>The Freecycle Network Tops Two Million Member Mark Today!, Press release</ref><ref name=Jeffery2008>Template:Cite book</ref> By February 2014, TFN had 6,880,991 members across 5,120 groups worldwide.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In December 2023, TFN had 11,022,137 members across 5,355 groups worldwide.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ControversiesEdit
Trademark issuesEdit
A notice of opposition<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> was filed in federal court by FreecycleSunnyvale against the Freecycle Network<ref>Template:Cite court</ref> in January 2006. An injunction was granted against Tim Oey in May 2006 for allegedly disparaging the TFN trademark.<ref>Template:Cite court</ref> The injunction was stayed in July 2006 and dissolved by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in September 2007.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> To defend its trademark in 2006, TFN pursued other free recycling groups who used the word "freecycle" or allegedly had "confusingly similar derivations thereof".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Free-speech advocates, including the Electronic Frontier Foundation and 38 law professors, filed an amicus brief<ref>http://volokh.com/files/freecyclelemleybrief.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF</ref> opposing a trademark-infringement lawsuit filed by TFN against Tim Oey. The opposition was based on the position that the lawsuit violated Oey's First Amendment rights. Other law professors, including Lawrence Lessig, and Jimmy Wales filed a second amicus brief<ref>http://volokh.com/files/freecyclepostbrief.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF</ref> in support of Oey. In 2007, the US 9th Circuit Court affirmed that freecycle may be used as a word.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On November 24, 2010, TFN lost its trademark claim to "Freecycle" and its logo in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Justice Consuelo María Callahan wrote in her opinion, "Beal did not coin the word 'freecycle' and TFN is not the first organization to promote freecycling ... even ... viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to TFN ... [they] engaged in naked licensing and consequently abandoned the trademarks."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On September 25, 2012, TFN gained a registered trademark in the United States for Freecycle.org (registration number 4215094) from the United States Patent and Trademark Office.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> TFN also received a registered-collective-membership trademark on that date (registration number 4215095).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> TFN maintains additional registered trademarks in the European Union, New Zealand, Australia and Canada.Template:Citation needed
UK breakawayEdit
During 2009, there were conflicts between the UK's independent association of TFN moderators and the organization's founders<ref name="Freecycle nonprofit registration">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> over the UK-based TFN groups' lack of freedom to develop local initiatives and features and their treatment of volunteer group owners and moderators.<ref name=guardian1>UK Freecycle moderators break away from US network The Guardian, September 10, 2009</ref> This resulted in the dismissal of at least 20 local group owners and moderators, who were replaced with new local TFN volunteers.<ref name="Mods Must Be Local">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Many owners of UK-based TFN groups formed a new independent association, Freegle.<ref>http://www.ilovefreegle.org/about/history.php Freegle History</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Jones2009>Template:Cite news</ref> TFN continued in the UK, with both groups present in many areas.<ref>From Freegle and Freecycle websites, posted figures without independent checking or distinction between active and inactive members; for example 23 April 2012, Freegle Camden South (in London NW1), 4,951 members; Freegle Kentish Town (in London NW1), 6,734 members; Freecycle Camden South, 8,663 members; Freecycle Kentish Town, 12,805 members. There is no information on people belonging to both organisations, or long-standing but inactive members of the older organisation.</ref> In February 2015, TFN UK claimed to have 592 groups with 4,345,095 members.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Payment to FounderEdit
The Freecycle founder now receives an annual payment of over £120,000 per year while the other listed officers are not compensated. This is over 1/3 of the total Freecycle.org revenue.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Freecycle.org has not listed any recent Form 990 with the latest from 2016<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
See alsoEdit
- Buy Nothing Project
- Freecycling
- Glocalization
- Reciprocal altruism
- Regift
- Reuse
- Sharing economy
- Symbiosis
- Social software
- Waste hierarchy