Timeline of Solar System exploration

File:Timeline of Solar System exploration.jpg

Charted timeline of Solar System exploration through December 2014

This is a timeline of Solar System exploration ordering events in the exploration of the Solar System by date of spacecraft launch. It includes:

• All spacecraft that have left Earth orbit for the purposes of Solar System exploration (or were launched with that intention but failed), including lunar probes.
• A small number of pioneering or notable Earth-orbiting craft.Template:Vague

It does not include:

• Centuries of terrestrial telescopic observation.
• The great majority of Earth-orbiting satellites.
• Space probes leaving Earth orbit that are not concerned with Solar System exploration (such as space telescopes targeted at distant galaxies, cosmic background radiation observatories, and so on).
• Probes that failed at launch.

The dates listed are launch dates, but the achievements noted may have occurred some time laterTemplate:Mdashin some cases, a considerable time later (for example, Voyager 2, launched 20 August 1977, did not reach Neptune until 1989).

1950s

File:Sputnik asm.jpg

Sputnik 1 – First Earth orbiter

Mission name	Launch date	Description	Template:Abbr
Template:Flagicon Sputnik 1	4 October 1957	First Earth orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Sputnik">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Sputnik 2	3 November 1957	Earth orbiter, first animal in orbit, a dog named Laika	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Explorer 1	1 February 1958	Earth orbiter; discovered Van Allen radiation belts	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Vanguard 1	17 March 1958	Earth orbiter; oldest spacecraft still in Earth orbit	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 1	2 January 1959	First lunar flyby (attempted lunar impact?); first artificial satellite in heliocentric orbit.	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Luna">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Pioneer 4	3 March 1959	Lunar flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 2	12 September 1959	First extraterrestrial impact and lunar impact, First artificial object on Moon	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 3	4 October 1959	Lunar flyby; First images of another celestial body taken from space, most notably, the far side of Moon	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

1960s

File:Vostok spacecraft.jpg

Vostok 1 – First crewed Earth orbiter

File:Mariner 2.jpg

Mariner 2 – First successful Venus flyby

File:Mariner 3 and 4.jpg

Mariner 4 – First successful Mars flyby

File:Luna-9-1.jpg

Luna 9 – First successful lunar lander

File:Zond L1 drawing.svg

Zond 5 – First lunar flyby and return to Earth, first terrestrials to circle the Moon

File:Ap8-S68-56310.jpg

Apollo 8 – First crewed lunar orbiter

File:Aldrin Looks Back at Tranquility Base - GPN-2000-001102.jpg

Apollo 11 – First crewed lunar landing

Mission name	Launch date	Description	Template:Abbr
Template:Flagicon Pioneer 5	11 March 1960	Interplanetary space investigations	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Venera 1	12 February 1961	First probe to another planet; Venus flyby (contact lost before flyby)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Venera">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Template:Flagicon Vostok 1	12 April 1961	First crewed Earth orbiter (Yuri Gagarin)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Ranger 1	23 August 1961	Attempted lunar test flight (failed to leave Earth orbit)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Ranger">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Ranger 2	18 November 1961	Attempted lunar test flight (failed to leave Earth orbit)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Ranger 3	26 January 1962	Attempted lunar impact (missed Moon)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Ranger 4	23 April 1962	Lunar impact (but unintentionally became the first spacecraft to hit the lunar farside and returned no data)	<ref name="Ranger" /><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mariner 2	27 August 1962	First successful planetary encounter, First successful Venus flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Ranger 5	18 October 1962	Attempted lunar impact (missed Moon)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars 1	1 November 1962	First probe to Mars: flyby (contact lost)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 4	2 April 1963	Attempted lunar lander (missed Moon)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Cosmos 21	11 November 1963	Attempted Venera test flight?	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Ranger 6	30 January 1964	Lunar impact (cameras failed)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Zond 1	2 April 1964	Venus flyby (contact lost)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Zond">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Ranger 7	28 July 1964	Lunar impact (success)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Voskhod 1	12 October 1964	First orbiter with multimember crew	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Voskhod">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mariner 3	5 November 1964	Attempted Mars flyby (failed to attain correct trajectory)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mariner 4	28 November 1964	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Zond 2	30 November 1964	Mars flyby (contact lost)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Ranger 8	17 February 1965	Lunar impact	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Voskhod 2	18 March 1965	First space walk, by Alexei Leonov	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Ranger 9	21 March 1965	Lunar impact	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1	6 May 1965	Oldest spacecraft still in useTemplate:Citation needed	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 5	9 May 1965	Lunar impact (attempted soft landing)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 6	8 June 1965	Attempted lunar lander (missed Moon)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Zond 3	18 July 1965	Lunar flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 7	4 October 1965	Lunar impact (attempted soft landing)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Venera 2	12 November 1965	Venus flyby (contact lost)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Venera"/>
Template:Flagicon Venera 3	16 November 1965	Venus lander (contact lost) – First spacecraft to reach another planet's atmosphere and surface, First Venus impact	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Venera"/>
Template:Flagicon Luna 8	3 December 1965	Lunar impact (attempted soft landing?)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Pioneer 6	16 December 1965	"Space weather" observations	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Pioneer" /><ref name="ABC-CLIO">Template:Cite book</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 9	31 January 1966	First extraterrestrial lander and lunar lander	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 10	31 March 1966	First extraterrestrial orbiter (except heliocentric) and first lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Surveyor 1	30 May 1966	Lunar lander	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Surveyor">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Explorer 33	1 July 1966	Attempted lunar orbiter (failed to attain lunar orbit)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Lunar Orbiter 1	10 August 1966	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Lunar Orbiter">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Pioneer 7	17 August 1966	"Space weather" observations	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 11	24 August 1966	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Surveyor 2	20 September 1966	Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 12	22 October 1966	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Lunar Orbiter 2	6 November 1966	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 13	21 December 1966	Lunar lander	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Lunar Orbiter 3	5 February 1967	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Surveyor 3	17 April 1967	Lunar lander	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Lunar Orbiter 4	4 May 1967	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Venera 4	12 June 1967	First functioning extraterrestrial atmospheric probe (Venus)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mariner 5	14 June 1967	Venus flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Surveyor 4	14 July 1967	Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Explorer 35 (IMP-E)	19 July 1967	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Lunar Orbiter 5	1 August 1967	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Surveyor 5	8 September 1967	Lunar lander	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Surveyor 6	7 November 1967	Lunar lander, first lift-off from an extraterrestrial body	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Apollo 4	9 November 1967	Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (uncrewed)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Pioneer 8	13 December 1967	"Space weather" observations	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Surveyor 7	7 January 1968	Lunar lander	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Apollo 5	22 January 1968	Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (uncrewed)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Zond 4	2 March 1968	Lunar programme test flight out of Earth orbit (uncrewed)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 14	7 April 1968	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Zond 5	14 September 1968	First lunar flyby and return to Earth, first life forms to circle the Moon	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Template:Flagicon Apollo 7	11 October 1968	Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (crewed)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Apollo">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Pioneer 9	8 November 1968	"Space weather" observations	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Zond 6	10 November 1968	Lunar flyby and return to Earth	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Apollo 8	21 December 1968	First crewed spacecraft to leave Earth orbit, first crewed lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Venera 5	5 January 1969	Venus atmospheric probe	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Venera 6	10 January 1969	Venus atmospheric probe	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mariner 6	25 February 1969	Mars flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Apollo 9	3 March 1969	Crewed lunar lander (LEM) flight test in Earth orbit	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mariner 7	27 March 1969	Mars flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Apollo 10	18 May 1969	Crewed lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 15	13 July 1969	Second attempted lunar sample return	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Apollo 11	16 July 1969	First crewed lunar landing and first successful sample return mission	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Zond 7	7 August 1969	Lunar flyby and return to Earth	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Apollo 12	14 November 1969	Crewed lunar landing	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

1970s

File:Mars3 lander vsm.jpg

Mars 3 – First Mars lander

File:Pioneer 10 at Jupiter.jpg

Pioneer 10 – First Jupiter flyby

File:Mariner 10.jpg

Mariner 10 – First Mercury flyby

File:Voyager spacecraft.jpg

Voyager 2 – First Uranus/first Neptune flyby

Mission name	Launch date	Description	Template:Abbr
Template:Flagicon Apollo 13	11 April 1970	Crewed lunar flyby and return to Earth (crewed lunar landing aborted). Farthest from Earth a human has gone (401,056 km)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Venera 7	17 August 1970	First Venus lander and the first spacecraft to "soft" land on another planet (with some data returned from the surface)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 16	12 September 1970	First robotic lunar sample return	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Zond 8	20 October 1970	Lunar flyby and return to Earth	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 17/Lunokhod 1	10 November 1970	First remote controlled rover	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Apollo 14	31 January 1971	Crewed lunar landing	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Salyut 1	19 April 1971	First space station	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars 2	19 May 1971	First Mars impact, Mars orbiter and attempted lander; First rover (Prop-M) sent to another planet (Mars)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars 3	28 May 1971	Mars orbiter (arrived after Mariner 9); First Mars lander (first image taken from the surface of another planet, though the received image did not show anything); First rover (Prop-M) to be landed but not deployed on another planet (Mars)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mariner 9	30 May 1971	First to orbit another planet (Mars)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Apollo 15	26 July 1971	Crewed lunar landing; First crewed lunar rover	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 18	2 September 1971	Attempted lunar sample return (crashed into Moon)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 19	28 September 1971	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 20	14 February 1972	Lunar robotic sample return	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Pioneer 10	3 March 1972	First Jupiter flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Pioneer">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Venera 8	27 March 1972	Venus lander	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Apollo 16	16 April 1972	Crewed lunar landing	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Apollo 17	7 December 1972	Last crewed lunar landing	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 21/Lunokhod 2	8 January 1973	Lunar rover	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Pioneer 11	5 April 1973	Jupiter flyby and First Saturn flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Explorer 49 (RAE-B)	10 June 1973	Lunar orbiter/radio astronomy	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars 4	21 July 1973	Mars flyby (attempted Mars orbiter)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars 5	25 July 1973	Mars orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars 6	5 August 1973	Mars flyby and attempted lander (failed due to damage on Mars landing)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars 7	9 August 1973	Mars flyby and attempted lander (missed Mars)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mariner 10	3 November 1973	Lunar and Venus flybys in addition to the First Mercury flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 22	29 May 1974	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 23	28 October 1974	Attempted lunar sample return (failed due to damage on lunar landing)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Template:Flagicon Helios-A	10 December 1974	Solar observations	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Venera 9	8 June 1975	First Venus orbiter and lander; First successful images from the surface of another planet (Venus)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Venera 10	14 June 1975	Venus orbiter and lander	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Viking 1	20 August 1975	Mars orbiter and lander; First clear pictures from Martian surface	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Viking">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Viking 2	9 September 1975	Mars orbiter and lander	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Template:Flagicon Helios-B	15 January 1976	Solar observations	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 24	9 August 1976	Lunar robotic sample return	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Voyager 2	20 August 1977	Jupiter/Saturn/first Uranus/first Neptune flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Voyager">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Voyager 1	5 September 1977	Jupiter/Saturn flyby, first to exit the heliosphere	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Pioneer Venus 1	20 May 1978	Venus orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Pioneer Venus 2	8 August 1978	Venus atmospheric probes	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon File:European Space Agency logo.svg ISEE-3	12 August 1978	Solar wind investigations; later redesignated International Cometary Explorer and performed Comet Giacobini-Zinner and Comet Halley flybys – First comet flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Venera 11	9 September 1978	Venus flyby and lander	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Venera 12	14 September 1978	Venus flyby and lander	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

1980s

File:Artwork Galileo-Io-Jupiter.JPG

Galileo – Mission to Jupiter

Mission name	Launch date	Description	Template:Abbr
Template:Flagicon Venera 13	30 October 1981	Venus flyby and lander. First recording of sound on another planet.	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Venera 14	4 November 1981	Venus flyby and lander	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Venera 15	2 June 1983	Venus orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Venera 16	7 June 1983	Venus orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Vega 1	15 December 1984	Venus flyby, lander and first extraterrestrial aircraft (aerostat balloon); continued on to Comet Halley flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Vega">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Vega 2	21 December 1984	Venus flyby, lander and balloon; continued on to Comet Halley flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Sakigake	8 January 1985	Comet Halley flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:European Space Agency logo.svg Giotto	2 July 1985	First close observation of comet (distance 596 kilometers), Comet Halley flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Suisei (Planet-A)	18 August 1985	Comet Halley flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mir	19 February 1986	First modular space station (operational 1986–2000; final module added 1996)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Template:Flagicon Phobos 1	7 July 1988	Attempted Mars orbiter/Phobos landers (contact lost)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Phobos 2	12 July 1988	Mars orbiter/attempted Phobos landers (contact lost)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Magellan	4 May 1989	Venus orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Galileo	18 October 1989	Venus flyby, first Asteroid flyby (Gaspra), first Asteroid moon discovery (Dactyl), first Jupiter orbiter, first Jupiter atmospheric probe	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

1990s

File:Pathfinder01.jpg

Mars Pathfinder – Mars lander and the first successful Mars rover, Sojourner

File:Cassini Saturn Orbit Insertion.jpg

Cassini–Huygens – First Saturn orbiter and first Titan lander

Mission name	Launch date	Description	Template:Abbr
Template:Flagicon Hiten (MUSES-A)	24 January 1990	Lunar flyby and orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon File:European Space Agency logo.svg Hubble Space Telescope	24 April 1990	Orbital space telescope (operational since 1990Template:Update after)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon File:European Space Agency logo.svg Ulysses	6 October 1990	Solar polar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Template:Flagicon Yohkoh (Solar-A)	30 August 1991	Solar observations (1991–2001)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars Observer	25 September 1992	Attempted Mars orbiter (contact lost)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Clementine	25 January 1994	Lunar orbiter/attempted asteroid flyby (contact lost)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon WIND	1 November 1994	Solar wind observations	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:European Space Agency logo.svg Template:Flagicon SOHO	2 December 1995	Solar observatory (operational since 1996Template:Update after)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon NEAR Shoemaker	17 February 1996	Eros orbiter, first near-Earth asteroid flyby, first asteroid orbit and first asteroid landing	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars Global Surveyor	7 November 1996	Mars orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars 96	16 November 1996	Attempted Mars orbiter/landers (failed to escape Earth orbit)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars Pathfinder	4 December 1996	Mars lander and first successful planetary rover	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon ACE	25 August 1997	Solar wind and "space weather" observations (operational since 1998Template:Update after)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon File:European Space Agency logo.svg Template:Flagicon Cassini–Huygens	15 October 1997	First Saturn orbiter and first outer planet moon lander (on Titan)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Lunar Prospector	7 January 1998	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Nozomi (Planet-B)	3 July 1998	Attempted Mars orbiter (failed to enter Mars orbit)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Deep Space 1 (DS1)	24 October 1998	Asteroid and comet flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Template:Flagicon File:European Space Agency logo.svg Template:Flagicon Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flagicon ISS	20 November 1998	International space station	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars Climate Orbiter	11 December 1998	Attempted Mars orbiter (orbit insertion failed; entered atmosphere and was destroyed)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars Polar Lander/Deep Space 2 (DS2)	3 January 1999	Attempted Mars lander/penetrators (contact lost)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Stardust	7 February 1999	First comet coma sample return (returned 15 January 2006)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2000s

File:Mars-express-volcanoes-sm.jpg

Mars Express/Beagle 2 – First planetary mission by the ESA

File:Messenger.jpg

MESSENGER – First Mercury orbiter

File:Water Around Fresh Moon Crater.jpg

Chandrayaan-1 – Water Around Fresh Moon Crater

Mission name	Launch date	Description	Template:Abbr
Template:Flagicon 2001 Mars Odyssey	7 April 2001	Mars orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Genesis	8 August 2001	First solar wind sample return	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon CONTOUR	3 July 2002	Attempted flyby of comet nuclei (Encke, Schwassmann-Wachmann-3, and optionally a third one; lost in space)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Hayabusa (MUSES-C)	9 May 2003	Asteroid lander and first sample return from asteroid	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Hayabusa" />
File:European Space Agency logo.svg Template:Flagicon Mars Express/Beagle 2	2 June 2003	Mars orbiter/attempted lander (lander failure)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars Exploration Rover Spirit	10 June 2003	Mars rover	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity	8 July 2003	Mars rover	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:European Space Agency logo.svg SMART-1	27 September 2003	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:European Space Agency logo.svg Rosetta/Philae	2 March 2004	Asteroid Šteins and Lutetia flybys; first comet orbiter and lander (Landed in November 2014)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon MESSENGER	3 August 2004	First Mercury orbiter (Achieved orbit 18 March 2011)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Deep Impact	12 January 2005	Comet flyby and impact	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter	12 August 2005	Mars orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:European Space Agency logo.svg Venus Express	9 November 2005	Venus polar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon New Horizons	19 January 2006	First Pluto/Charon flyby (on 14 July 2015); continued on to 486958 Arrokoth flyby (on 1 January 2019)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20150718">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagicon Template:Flagicon Template:Flagicon Hinode (Solar-B)	22 September 2006	Solar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon STEREO	26 October 2006	Two spacecraft, solar orbiters	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Phoenix	4 August 2007	Mars polar lander (Mars landing on 25 May 2008)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon SELENE (Kaguya)	14 September 2007	Lunar orbiters	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Dawn	27 September 2007	Asteroid Ceres and Vesta orbiter (Entered orbit around Vesta on 16 July 2011 and around Ceres on 6 March 2015)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Chang'e 1	24 October 2007	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Chang'e">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Chandrayaan-1	22 October 2008	Lunar orbiter and impactor; discovered water on the Moon	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:European Space Agency logo.svg Herschel Space Observatory	14 May 2009	Infrared space telescope at Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/LCROSS	18 June 2009	Lunar polar orbiter and lunar impactor	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon WISE (NEOWISE)	14 December 2009	Infrared survey of celestial sky (WISE mission); later Near-Earth object survey (NEOWISE mission)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2010s

File:Msl20110519 PIA14156-full.jpg

Mars Science Laboratory – Mars lander and large rover

File:Mars Orbiter Mission - India - ArtistsConcept.jpg

Mangalyaan – First Indian Mars orbiter

File:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.jpg

Trace Gas Orbiter – ESA/Roscosmos Mars orbiter

Mission name	Launch date	Description	Template:Abbr
Template:Flagicon Solar Dynamics Observatory	11 February 2010	Continuous solar monitoring	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Akatsuki (Planet-C)	20 May 2010	Venus orbiter (orbit insertion failed in 2010 / successful orbit insertion on 7 December 2015)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon PICARD	15 June 2010	Solar monitoring	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Chang'e 2	1 October 2010	Lunar orbiter, asteroid 4179 Toutatis flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Juno	5 August 2011	Jupiter orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon GRAIL	10 September 2011	Two spacecraft, Lunar orbiters	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Template:Flagicon Fobos-Grunt and Yinghuo-1	8 November 2011	Attempted Phobos sample return and Mars orbiter, respectively; both failed to escape Earth orbit	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity rover)	26 November 2011	Mars rover (landed 6 August 2012)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Van Allen Probes (RBSP)	30 August 2012	Earth Van Allen radiation belts study	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon IRIS	28 June 2013	Solar observations	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon LADEE	7 September 2013	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Hisaki	14 September 2013	Planetary atmosphere observatory	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan)	5 November 2013	Mars orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon MAVEN	18 November 2013	Mars orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Chang'e 3	1 December 2013	Lunar lander and rover (first lander since Soviet Luna 24 in 1976)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Chang'e 5-T1	23 October 2014	Circumlunar mission and Earth reentry; technology demonstration to prepare for Chang'e 5 mission	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Template:Flagicon Template:Flagicon Hayabusa2 / MASCOT	3 December 2014	Asteroid lander and sample return (sample returned 5 December 2020), first asteroid rover	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon PROCYON	3 December 2014	Comet observer and attempted asteroid flyby (engine failure)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon DSCOVR	11 February 2015	Solar observation	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:European Space Agency logo.svg Template:Flagicon ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter and EDM lander	14 March 2016	Mars orbiter and attempted lander (lander failure)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon OSIRIS-REx	8 September 2016	Asteroid sample return mission (Template:Update after)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon InSight	5 May 2018	Mars lander	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Queqiao	20 May 2018	Relay satellite for Chang'e 4 in Halo orbit around Earth–Moon L2 Lagrange point	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Parker Solar Probe	12 August 2018	Solar corona probe, closest solar approach (Template:Convert)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:European Space Agency logo.svg Template:Flagicon BepiColombo	19 October 2018	Two Mercury orbiters (Template:Update after)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Chang'e 4	7 December 2018	Lunar lander and rover, first landing on the lunar far side	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Beresheet	22 February 2019	Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Chandrayaan-2	22 July 2019	Lunar orbiter; attempted lander and rover (contact lost during final stage of descent)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2020s

File:PIA21635-Mars2020Rover-ArtistConcept-20170523.jpg

NASA's Perseverance rover

Mission name	Launch date	Description	Template:Abbr
File:European Space Agency logo.svg Solar Orbiter	10 February 2020	Sun-observing satellite	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars Hope	19 July 2020	Mars orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Tianwen-1 (Zhurong rover)	23 July 2020	Mars orbiter, lander, and rover	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Mars 2020 (Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter)	30 July 2020	Mars rover and helicopter drone; first powered flight on another planet	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Chang'e 5	23 November 2020	Lunar sample return	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Lucy	16 October 2021	Flyby of six Jupiter trojans and two main belt asteroids	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Template:Flagicon DART / LICIACube	24 November 2021	Asteroid 65803 Didymos flyby, asteroid moon Dimorphos impactor	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon File:European Space Agency logo.svg Template:Flagicon James Webb Space Telescope	25 December 2021	Infrared space telescope at Sun–Earth L2	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon CAPSTONE	28 June 2022	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Template:Flagicon Danuri (KPLO)	5 August 2022	Lunar orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Artemis 1 and 10 cubesats	16 November 2022	Uncrewed lunar orbital test of Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System. The cubesats are launched as rideshares and will execute their own missions.	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Template:Flagicon Hakuto-R Mission 1 (Rashid rover) and Lunar Flashlight	11 December 2022	Lunar lander technology demonstration, lunar rover, and lunar orbiter launched together (crashed into Moon)	<ref name="ispace-20210714">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="sn-20211028">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ispace-20210414">Template:Cite news</ref>
File:European Space Agency logo.svg JUICE	14 April 2023	Jupiter/Ganymede orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Chandrayaan-3	14 July 2023	Lunar orbiter, lander and rover; first soft landing near the lunar South Pole	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Luna 25	10 August 2023	Attempted lunar south pole lander (crashed into Moon)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="tass-20230605">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Aditya-L1	2 September 2023	Sun-observing spacecraft at Sun–Earth L1	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon SLIM (LEV-1, LEV-2)	6 September 2023	Lunar flyby, lander and rovers	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Psyche	13 October 2023	Asteroid 16 Psyche orbiter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Peregrine Mission One (including Iris and Colmena rovers)	8 January 2024	Lunar lander and rovers (landing precluded)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon IM-1 Nova-C Odysseus (including EagleCam deployable camera)	15 February 2024	Lunar landers	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon DRO A/B	13 March 2024	Lunar orbiters	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Queqiao-2 (including Tiandu-1 and 2)	20 March 2024	Lunar orbiters	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Chang'e 6 (including Pakistan's ICUBE-Q cubesat)	3 May 2024	Lunar sample return, rover and orbiters; first sample return from the lunar far side	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:European Space Agency logo.svg Hera (3 orbiters)	7 October 2024	Asteroid 65803 Didymos rendezvous	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Europa Clipper	14 October 2024	Jupiter orbiter, Europa multiple flyby	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Blue Ghost M1	15 January 2025	Lunar lander	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon H (including Tenacious rover)	15 January 2025	Lunar lander and rover	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagicon Intuitive Machines Nova-C IM-2 (including MAPP LV1, Micro-Nova, AstroAnt and Yaoki rover)	27 February 2025	Lunar lander and rovers
Template:Flagicon Lunar Trailblazer	27 February 2025	Lunar orbiter
Template:Flagicon Brokkr-2	27 February 2025	Asteroid flyby
Template:Flagicon Tianwen-2 (orbiters and landers)	29 May 2025	Asteroid study and sample return

Planned or scheduled

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

See also

• Discovery and exploration of the Solar System
• Human presence in space
• List of missions to the Moon
• List of missions to Venus
• List of missions to Mars
• List of Solar System probes
• List of interplanetary voyages
• List of space telescopes
• New Frontiers program
• Out of the Cradle – 1984 book about scientific speculation on future missions.
• Space Race
• Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes
• Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons
• Timeline of first orbital launches by country
• Timeline of space exploration
• Timeline of space travel by nationality
• Timeline of spaceflight

External links

• NASA Lunar and Planetary Science
• NASA Solar System Strategic Exploration Plans
• Soviet Lunar, Martian, Venusian and Terrestrial Space Image Catalog
• Comprehensive and interactive graphical history overview by Armchair Astronautics