Tinos
Template:About Template:Redirect Template:Dist Template:Infobox Greece place Tinos (Template:Langx {{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is a Greek island situated in the Aegean Sea. It forms part of the Cyclades archipelago. The closest islands are Andros, Delos, and Mykonos. It has a land area of Template:Convert<ref name=stat01>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and a 2021 census population of 8,934 inhabitants.<ref name=census2023>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Tinos is famous amongst Greeks for the Church of Panagia Evangelistria, for the island's 80 or so windmills,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> for about 1,000 artistic dovecotes, for 50 active villages and for the Venetian fortifications on the mountain Exomvourgo. On Tinos, both Greek Orthodox and Catholic populations co-exist, and the island is also well known for its sculptors and painters, such as Nikolaos Gysis, Yannoulis Chalepas and Nikiforos Lytras.
The island is located near the geographical center of the Cyclades islands complex, and because of the Panagia Evangelistria church, with the reputedly miraculous icon of Virgin Mary that it holds, Tinos is also the center of a yearly pilgrimage that takes place on the date of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary (15 August, Template:Langx).<ref>For example: Theodore Bent, The Cyclades, or Life Among the Insular Greeks. London, 1885, p. 231ff.</ref> Many pilgrims make their way along the Template:Convert from the ferry wharf to the church on their hands and knees as sign of devotion.
HistoryEdit
Anciently, the island was called Tenos (Template:Langx), and was also called Hydroussa/Hydroessa (Ὑδροῦσσα, Ὑδρόεσσα) from the number of its springs, and Ophioussa (Ὀφιοῦσσα) because it abounded in snakes.<ref>Template:Cite Pliny</ref><ref>Template:Cite Mela</ref><ref>Template:Cite Stephanus</ref> The sons of Boreas are said to have been slain in this island by Heracles.<ref>Apollon. 1.1304, with Schol.</ref> In the invasion of Greece by Xerxes I, the Tenians were compelled to serve in the Persian fleet; but a Tenian trireme deserted to the Greeks immediately before the Battle of Salamis (480 BCE), and accordingly the name of the Tenians was inscribed upon the tripod at Delphi in the list of Grecian states which had overthrown the Persians.<ref>Template:Cite Herodotus</ref> Pausanias relates that the name of the Tenians was also inscribed on the statue of Zeus at Olympia among the Greeks who had fought at the Battle of Plataea.<ref>Template:Cite Pausanias</ref> The Tenians afterwards formed part of the Delian League, and are mentioned among the subject allies of Athens at the time of the Sicilian expedition.<ref>Template:Cite Thucydides</ref> They paid a yearly tribute of 3600 drachmae, from which it may be inferred that they enjoyed a considerable share of prosperity.<ref>Franz, Elem. Epigr. Gr. No. 49.</ref> Alexander of Pherae took possession of Tenos for a time;<ref>Dem. c. Polycl. p. 1207</ref> and the island was afterwards granted by Marcus Antonius to the Rhodians.<ref>Appian, B.C. 5.7.</ref>
Following the capture of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade, Tinos was one of several islands ruled by private Venetian citizens and belonged to Andrea Ghisi, whose heirs held it until 1390 when the last member of the family branch bequeathed both Tinos and Mykonos to Venice.<ref>William Miller, The Latin Orient (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1920), p. 39</ref><ref>D. Jacoby, La féodalité en Grèce médiévale. Les « Assises de Romanie », sources, application et diffusion (1971), p. 237</ref> It was ruled by Venice until 1715, when Tinos was captured by the Ottoman Empire (see Ottoman–Venetian War). It was known as İstendil during Ottoman era. <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Ottomans held Tinos until 1821 when the inhabitants joined in the Greek War of Independence.<ref>40.pdf Template:Webarchive</ref> During this war the Greek Orthodox Christians persecuted the Catholic Albanians of Tinos and murdered many of them<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The tumult of the period gave rise to an increase in piracy in the region. In 1825 Template:HMS was the lead vessel of a small squadron in anti-piracy operations in the Archipelago, at Alexandria, and around the coasts of Syria. On 27 July 1826, CambrianTemplate:'s boats captured a pirate bombard and burnt a mistico on Tinos. Five pirates were killed and several wounded.
The date of 15 August also commemorates the 1940 sinking in Tinos's harbour of the Greek cruiser Elli, during peacetime, while she rode at anchor, by the Italian submarine Delfino. The Elli was participating in the celebrations of the Feast of the Dormition. One of the three torpedoes fired hit the Elli under the one operating boiler and she caught fire and sank. Nine petty officers and sailors were killed and 24 were wounded. The same submarine attempted to torpedo the passenger ships M/V Elsi and M/V Hesperos anchored in the port. This attempt failed and the torpedoes only damaged a section of the port's wharf.
GeographyEdit
Tinos has a varied landscape. From the shores of Panormos and Kolimbithra on the North Shore to Kionia, Agios Yannis O Portos, and Agios Sostis on the Southern Shore, Tinos has many beaches. Tsiknias is the highest mountain on the island at Template:Convert and hides the village of Livada. The mountain of Exobourgo is quite distinct, and unlike its more rounded Cycladic neighbors, has a jagged appearance that would be more at home in the Alps. Between Tsiknias and Exobourgo lies the fruitful plain of Falatados. This area is unique on the island as its relatively flat terrain (albeit with an elevation of about Template:Convert) is rare on the island. This made it a strong candidate for a proposed airport on the island. The Meltemi winds and concerns of local villagers of the towns of Falatados, and Steni have all but halted the project.
The landscape around Volax is surreal and unusual with giant boulders some the size of multi-storey buildings.Template:Fact The village of Volax lies at the center of this landscape. To the west, the mountains surrounding Pyrgos contain green marble.Template:Fact
All around the island of Tinos, the islanders have made the most unusual things out of stone. The hills are all terraced with stone walls and every village is connected to its nearest neighbors by stone walkways set between a parallel set of stone walls.
The island's mineral resources include marble, Verde antico, asbestos and a granite mine near Volax (also known as Volakas).
AdministrationEdit
Tinos is a separate regional unit of the South Aegean region, and the only municipality of the regional unit. As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the regional unit Tinos was created out of part of the former Cyclades Prefecture. At the same reform, the current municipality Tinos was created out of the 3 former municipalities:<ref name=Kallikratis>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ProvinceEdit
The province of Tinos (Template:Langx) was one of the provinces of the Cyclades Prefecture. It had the same territory as the present regional unit.<ref name=census91>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} Template:Small Template:In lang</ref> It was abolished in 2006.
ClimateEdit
Tinos experiences a Mediterranean climate and has warm and dry summers and mild and wet winters. In the island you come across the etesians (also known as meltemi winds) — the strong, dry north winds of the Aegean Sea, which blow from about mid-May to mid-September. They are at their strongest in the afternoon and often die down at night, but sometimes meltemi winds last for days without a break. Meltemi winds are dangerous to sailors because they come up in clear weather without warning and can blow at 7-8 Beaufort.
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
| High | 14 °C | 15 °C | 16 °C | 19 °C | 22 °C | 26 °C | 28 °C | 28 °C | 26 °C | 23 °C | 19 °C | 15 °C |
| Low | 10 °C | 10 °C | 11 °C | 13 °C | 17 °C | 21 °C | 23 °C | 24 °C | 21 °C | 19 °C | 15 °C | 12 °C |
| Precipitation | 8 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 11 |
| Winds in km/h | 29 | 30 | 26 | 20 | 21 | 23 | 23 | 26 | 23 | 26 | 23 | 28 |
TransportationEdit
Tinos has three ports, one for passenger speed boats, and two for ferries and highspeed boats which carry passengers and cars to other ports, including Mykonos (35 min), Piraeus, Rafina, Andros and Syros.
There is a heliport close to Aghios Fokas beach, some Template:Convert from the town of Tinos.
There are regular buses linking the town of Tinos with other villages on the island.
Towns and villagesEdit
Notable peopleEdit
- Kösem Sultan (Anastasia), wife of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I, Haseki Sultan and Valide sultan of the Ottoman Empire, mother of Ottoman Sultans Murad IV, Ibrahim I and the official Regent of the Ottoman Empire. She was the most powerful woman in Ottoman history and one of the most powerful women of the 17th Century. She was the de-facto ruler of the Ottoman Empire for 13 years and the only woman to held supreme control over the Ottoman Empire similar to that of a Sultan.
- Saint Pelagia
- Ieronymos I (Kotsonis), Archbishop of Athens and All Greece
- Haralambos “Babis” Marmanis, Author, Scientist, CTO
- Yannoulis Chalepas (1851–1938), sculptor
- Lazaros Sochos (1862-1911), sculptor
- Patriarch Photius of Alexandria
- Nikiphoros Lytras (1832-1904), painter
- Nicholaos Gysis (1842–1901), painter
- Stelios Perpiniadis (1899–1977), musician
- Errikos Kontarinis (1906–1971), actor
- Vangelis Protopappas (1917–1995) actor
- Anna Fonsou, actress
- Lefteris Valakas, sculptor
- Fragiskos Alvertis, basketball player
- Alekos Alavanos, politician
GalleryEdit
- Tinos (15597098751).jpg
Tinos town, view of the port
- Tino - Dapper Olfert - 1688.jpg
Tinos map, Olfert Dapper, Amsterdam, Wolfgangh, 1688
- Tinos (15573872195).jpg
Saint Nicolas church in Panormos (Pyrgos), Tinos
- Yannoulis Chalepas portrait.jpg
- Tinos kolimbithra bucht 120707 02.jpg
View of Mikri Kolibithra beach
- Tinos 309.jpg
Street of Tinos
- Tinos, Greece (Unsplash).jpg
Tinos, Volax
- Tinos 319.JPG
The congress centre
- Ktikados, Tinos, Greece 2018040618370N00701.jpg
Catholic church at the village of Ktikados
- Tinos (15082052382).jpg
Tinos, Volax landscape
- Lichnaftia, Tinos, Greece 2018041010060N01443.jpg
Dovecote near Lichnaftia, Tinos, Greece
- Tinos (15422595820).jpg
Tinos, Kardiani
- Triantaros Tinos Greece 2018040613200NP0515.jpg
View of Dyo-Choria and Triantaros, Tinos
- Tinos, Greece 2018040613120NP0488.jpg
Tinos panorama
ReferencesEdit
Template:Reflist Template:DGRG
External linksEdit
- The official travel guide of Tínos Template:In lang
- Official website of Municipality of Tinos Template:In lang
- Official website of Municipality of Exomvoúrgo Template:In lang
Template:The Cyclades Template:Kallikratis-South Aegean Template:Tinos div Template:Aegean Sea Template:Prefectures and provinces of Greece