Tipper Gore

Template:Short description Template:Pp-move Template:Use mdy dates {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | bodyclass = vcard | bodystyle = {{#if:|width: {{{mainwidth}}}}} | child = {{{embed}}}

| abovestyle = font-size: 100%;

| above = {{#if:|

{{{honorific-prefix}}}

}}

{{#if:|{{{name}}}|Template:PAGENAMEBASE}}

{{#if:|

{{{honorific-suffix}}}

}}

| subheaderstyle = font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;

| subheader = {{#ifeq:{{{embed}}}|yes||{{#if:|{{#if:|

}}{{{native_name}}}{{#if:|

}}}}}}

| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=Tipper Gore Headshot.jpg|size=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|size=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image3 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | captionstyle = line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em; | caption{{#if:|3|{{#if:|2}}}} = Gore in 2009

| headerstyle = color: #202122; {{#ifeq:{{{embed}}}|yes|background:#eee|background:lavender}}

| data2 = | header3 = {{#if:Mary Elizabeth AitchesonTemplate:Birth date and age Washington, D.C., U.S.Democratic Template:Marriage<ref name="AlGoreSeparate">Template:Cite news</ref>4, including Karenna and Kristin Garland Junior College
Boston University (BA)
Vanderbilt University (MA)|Personal details}} | label4 = Pronunciation | data4 =

| label5 = Born | data5 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br

|1 = {{#if:Mary Elizabeth Aitcheson|

Mary Elizabeth Aitcheson

}}

|2 = Template:Birth date and age
|3 = Washington, D.C., U.S.
}}

| label6 = Died | data6 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br||}}

| label7 = {{#ifexpr: Template:Strfind short

   | Manner |{{#if:|Manner|Cause}} }} of death

| data7 = {{#if:||}}

| label8 = Resting place | class8 = label | data8 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br||}}

| label9 = Citizenship | data9 =

| label10 = Nationality | data10 = {{#switch:{{#invoke:delink|delink|}} | {{#ifeq:Template:Country2nationality|{{#invoke:delink|delink|}}|{{#invoke:delink|delink|}}}} = | {{#ifeq:Template:Find country|England|British}} = | #default = }}

| label11 = Political party | data11 = {{#switch:Democratic | = | Democrat | Democratic | Democrat = Democratic | Republican | United States Republican Party | Republican | Republican Party = Republican | Conservative Party | Conservative = Conservative | Labour Party | Labour = Labour | Conservative Party | Conservative = Conservative | Liberal Party | Liberal = Liberal | KMT | Kuomintang | KMT | KMT | Kuomintang | Kuomintang (KMT) | Kuomintang (KMT) = Kuomintang | DPP | DPP | Democratic Progressive Party = Democratic Progressive Party | #default = Democratic }}

| label12 = Other political
affiliations | data12 =

| label13 = Height | data13 = {{#if:|Template:Infobox person/height}}

| label14 = Spouse{{#if:|s|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize|Template:Marriage<ref name="AlGoreSeparate">Template:Cite news</ref>|likely=(s)|plural=s}}}} | data14 = Template:Marriage<ref name="AlGoreSeparate">Template:Cite news</ref>

| label15 = Domestic partner{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data15 =

| label16 = Relations | data16 =

| label17 = Children | data17 = 4, including Karenna and Kristin

| label18 = Parent{{#if:|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}}|{{#ifexpr:Template:Count > 1|s}}}} | data18 = {{#if:|{{{parents}}}|{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|{{#if:|{{{father}}} (father)}}|{{#if:|{{{mother}}} (mother)}}}}}}

| label19 = Relatives | data19 =

| label20 = Residence{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | class20 = {{#if:||label}} | data20 =

| label21 = Education | data21 = Garland Junior College
Boston University (BA)
Vanderbilt University (MA)

| label22 = Alma mater | data22 =

| label23 = Occupation | data23 =

| label24 = Profession | data24 =

| label25 = Known for | data25 =

| label26 = Salary | data26 =

| label27 = Cabinet | data27 =

| label28 = Committees | data28 =

| label29 = Portfolio | data29 =

| label30 = {{#if:|Civilian awards|Awards}} | data30 =

| label31 = {{{blank1}}} | data31 =

| label32 = {{{blank2}}} | data32 =

| label33 = {{{blank3}}} | data33 =

| label34 = {{{blank4}}} | data34 =

| label35 = {{{blank5}}} | data35 =

| label36 = Signature | data36 = {{#if:|[[File:{{{signature}}}|{{#if:|{{{signature_size}}}|128x80px}}|class=skin-invert|alt=|Tipper Gore's signature]]}}

| label37 = Website | data37 =

| label38 = Nickname{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data38 =

| header39 = {{#if:|Military service}}

| label40 = Allegiance | data40 =

| label41 = {{#if:||Branch/service}} | data41 =

| label42 = {{#if:||Years of service}} | data42 =

| label43 = {{#if:||Rank}} | data43 =

| label44 = {{#if:||Unit}} | data44 =

| label45 = Commands | data45 =

| label46 = {{#if:||Battles/wars}} | data46 =

| label47 = {{#if:|Military awards|Awards}} | data47 =

| label48 = {{{military_blank1}}} | data48 =

| label49 = {{{military_blank2}}} | data49 =

| label50 = {{{military_blank3}}} | data50 =

| label51 = {{{military_blank4}}} | data51 =

| label52 = {{{military_blank5}}} | data52 =

| below =

{{#if:| As of {{{date}}}{{#if:|, {{{year}}}}}}}

{{#if:|Source: [{{{source}}}]}}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }} Mary Elizabeth "Tipper" Gore (née Aitcheson; born August 19, 1948) is an American social issues advocate. She was the second lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001 through her marriage to the 45th vice president, Al Gore in 1970, from whom she separated in 2010.

In 1985, Gore co-founded the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), which advocated for labeling of record covers of releases featuring profane language, especially in the heavy metal, punk, and hip hop genres of music.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Throughout her decades of public life, she has advocated for placing advisory labels on music (leading critics to call her a censor),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and for mental health awareness, women's causes, children's causes, LGBT rights, and reducing homelessness.

Early life and educationEdit

Born Mary Elizabeth Aitcheson in Washington, D.C., Tipper Gore is the daughter of John Kenneth "Jack" Aitcheson Jr., a plumbing-supply entrepreneur and owner of J & H Aitcheson Plumbing Supply,<ref name=WashingtonPost12>Template:Cite news</ref> and his first wife, Margaret Ann (née Carlson) Odom (who lost her first husband during World War II). She was given the nickname "Tipper" by her mother, from a lullaby her mother had heard. Gore grew up in Arlington, Virginia. Her mother and grandmother raised her after her parents divorced.<ref name="bio"/>

File:Al Gore wedding.jpg

Al and Tipper Gore's wedding day, May 19, 1970, at the Washington National Cathedral

She attended St. Agnes (now St. Stephen's & St. Agnes School), a private Episcopal school in Alexandria, Virginia, where she played basketball, softball and field hockey, and played the drums for an all-female band called The Wildcats.<ref name="bio"/>

She met Al Gore at his senior prom in 1965. Although she came to the prom with one of his classmates, Gore and Tipper began to date immediately afterwards.<ref name=twoworlds>Template:Cite news</ref> When Al Gore began attending Harvard University, she enrolled in Garland Junior College (now part of Simmons College) and later transferred to Boston University receiving her B.A. in psychology in 1970.<ref>Next First Lady Will Recast Role - Tipper Gore and Laura Bush Template:Dead link</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On May 19, 1970, she and Gore were married at the Washington National Cathedral.<ref name=pbschron>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=wedding>Template:Cite news</ref>

Gore pursued a master's degree in psychology from Vanderbilt University's George Peabody College, graduating in 1975.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=CNN99>Template:Cite news</ref>

CareerEdit

Gore worked part-time as a newspaper photographer for Nashville's The Tennessean and continued as a freelance photographer in Washington after her husband was elected to the U.S. Congress in 1976.<ref name="bio"/><ref name=CNN99/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Politics and activismEdit

Gore took an active role in her husband's political pursuits starting with his first campaign for the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee in 1976.<ref name=Davey00>Template:Cite news</ref> Soon after her husband's election, Gore established a group to examine and write about social issues called the Congressional Wives Task Force.<ref name=Romano88>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Povich92>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1984, Gore began volunteering in homeless shelters.<ref name="bio"/><ref name=OConnor99/> Homelessness became a major cause for Gore, and she formed a group called Families for the Homeless to raise funds and awareness for the issue.<ref name="bio"/><ref name=Peterson00>Template:Cite news</ref>

Parents Music Resource CenterEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:Tipper Gore.jpg

Gore with the PMRC in 1985

In 1985, Tipper Gore co-founded the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) with Sally Nevius, Pam Howar, and Susan Baker, wife of then–United States secretary of the treasury James Baker, because Gore heard her then 11-year-old daughter Karenna playing "Darling Nikki" by Prince.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The group's goal was to increase parental and consumer awareness of music that contained explicit content through voluntary labeling albums with Parental Advisory stickers.<ref name="bio"/><ref name=Hinckley87>Template:Cite news</ref> Their coalition included the National PTA and the American Academy of Pediatrics.<ref name=Hinckley87/> The PMRC had no members, merely founders, and all of the founders were wives of prominent politicians.<ref>Deflem, Mathieu. 2020. “Popular Culture and Social Control: The Moral Panic on Music Labeling.” American Journal of Criminal Justice 45(1):2-24 (First online: July 24, 2019).</ref>

According to an article by NPR, Gore went "before Congress to urge warning labels for records marketed to children."<ref name="FamilyValues">Template:Cite news</ref> Gore explained that her purpose wasn't to put a "gag" on music, but to keep it safe for younger listeners by providing parents with information about the content of the songs.<ref name="FamilyValues"/> A number of individuals including Glenn Danzig of Danzig/Misfits,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Dee Snider of Twisted Sister,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Jello Biafra of the Dead Kennedys,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> John Denver, Joey Ramone, and Frank Zappa<ref name="FamilyValues" /> criticized the group, arguing that it was a form of censorship. Gore's relationship with Snider was particularly antagonistic, with Snider accusing her of having a "dirty mind" for suggesting that his band's song "Under the Blade" contained sadomasochistic references, when the song in fact referred to medical surgery instead.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In response to such criticism, NPR further stated that according to Gore, she "wasn't out to censor the objectionable material" and quoted her as stating that she is "a strong believer in the First Amendment" who is calling for greater "consumer information in the marketplace."<ref name="FamilyValues"/>

The PMRC's efforts were successful and resulted in an agreement where recording labels voluntarily placed warning labels on music with violent or sexually explicit lyrics.<ref name="bio">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Seelye00>Template:Cite news</ref>

1990s to presentEdit

File:Hillary Clinton Bill Al Gore Four principals.jpg

From left to right: Bill Clinton, Tipper Gore, Al Gore, Hillary Clinton

In 1990, Gore founded the Tennessee Voices for Children to advance youth services for mental health and substance abuse.<ref name=Shrieve99>Template:Cite news</ref> Gore also co-chaired the National Mental Health Association's Child Mental Health Interest Group.<ref name=Cimons93>Template:Cite news</ref>

Gore campaigned during her husband's 1988 presidential bid<ref name=Godown92>Template:Cite news</ref> and toured with him and Bill and Hillary Clinton during the presidential campaign of 1992.<ref name=Seelye00/><ref name=Ifill92>Template:Cite news</ref>

As second lady, Gore served as the mental health policy advisor to the president.<ref name="CNN99"/> Her goals were to diminish the stigma surrounding mental illness and to bring awareness to the need for affordable mental health care.<ref name=OConnor99/><ref name=Cimons93/> In 1999, Gore hosted the first White House Conference on Mental Health.<ref name=OConnor99>Template:Cite news</ref> That same year, she launched the National Mental Health Awareness Campaign (NMHAC) to encourage Americans to seek treatment for mental illness.<ref name=Morales02>Template:Cite news</ref> Gore has frequently spoken about her own experience with depression and treatment following the near-fatal injury of her son Albert.<ref name=Davey00/><ref name=Seelye00/><ref name=Morgan03>Template:Cite news</ref>

Along with her work in mental health, Gore was a part of several other initiatives during her time as second lady. She served as special advisor to the Interagency Council on the Homeless and as the national spokesperson for the "Back to Sleep" SIDS awareness campaign.<ref name=GainesvilleSun97>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1994, Gore visited a refugee camp and an orphanage in Zaire on a personal trip to provide aid in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide. She stayed in a UNICEF camp and assisted doctors and aid workers.<ref name=Rieff94>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Warrick94>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=NBCNews94>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She made an official visit to Honduras in 1998 following Hurricane Mitch to volunteer, bring medical supplies, and survey the damage.<ref name=AP98>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Testa98>Template:Cite news</ref>

Gore took part in campaigning for the reelection of President Clinton and Vice President Gore in 1996,<ref name=Spokesman96>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Shogren96>Template:Cite news</ref> and she was actively involved in her husband's presidential campaign in 2000, making her own campaign stops and media appearances. She also acted as an advisor and was a part of decisions including the hiring of Tony Coelho as chairman of the campaign and moving its headquarters to Nashville.<ref name=CNN99/><ref name=Davey00/><ref name=Seelye00/>

In 2002, Gore was urged by her supporters to run for the vacant U.S. Senate seat her husband once held in Tennessee, which was being vacated by Fred Thompson; however, she declined.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Gore has been a long-time advocate for the LGBT community.<ref name=Seelye00/><ref name=Out13/> She represented the Clinton administration in the Washington, D.C. AIDS Walk in 1993 as one of the highest-ranking public officials ever to participate.<ref name=Out13>Template:Cite news</ref> She has continued to participate in such walks and, in 2013 she was an honorary chair of the Nashville AIDS Walk & 5K Run.<ref name=Page13>Template:Cite news</ref> She was a public opponent of California's Proposition 8 to ban same-sex marriage in 2008.<ref name=Advocate08>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2014, she created an exhibition of her photographs at the Wall Space Gallery to support the Pacific Pride Foundation that provides services to the HIV/AIDS and LGBT communities of Santa Barbara, California.<ref name=Ortiz14>Template:Cite news</ref>

As of 2012, she served as co-chair of the advisory board of the Diana Basehart Foundation which assists homeless and low-income people with animal care.<ref name=Sutton12>Template:Cite news</ref>

Creative rolesEdit

File:Tipper Gore and Mickey Hart.jpg

Tipper Gore drumming with Mickey Hart during a The Dead appearance in April 2009

In high school, Gore was the drummer for an all-female band called the Wildcats.<ref name=Davey00/><ref name=Seelye00/> She has played drums with members of the Grateful Dead, and during the second night of the Spring 2009 Dead tour, Tipper Gore sat in playing drums during the closing song "Sugar Magnolia".<ref name=Seelye00/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2000, she appeared on stage at the Equality Rocks concert at Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium to play to a crowd of 45,000 prior to the Millennium March on Washington.<ref name=Seelye00/><ref name=Ocamb08>Template:Cite news</ref> Later that year, she played with Willie Nelson during his set at Farm Aid.<ref name=Margolis00>Template:Cite news</ref> She played with Herbie Hancock at the 25th Thelonious Monk International Jazz Competition in 2012.<ref name=WashingtonPostMonk>Template:Cite news</ref>

File:Tipper Gore with camera in snow.jpg

Gore with a camera in 2007

A photographer since the 1970s, Gore has published several books of photography,<ref name="bio"/> her photos have been included in exhibits,<ref name=LATimes00>Template:Cite news</ref> and her prints have been sold by Mitchell Gold Co. stores.<ref name=Schaub06>Template:Cite news</ref>

Personal lifeEdit

Gore has four children: Karenna Gore<ref name="NYT1">Template:Cite news</ref> (born August 6, 1973), Kristin Gore<ref name="assaultonreason">Template:Cite book</ref> (born June 5, 1977), Sarah LaFon Gore Maiani<ref name="assaultonreason"/><ref name=Westfall14>Template:Cite news</ref> (born January 7, 1979), and Albert Arnold Gore III (born October 19, 1982);<ref name="CNN-990616">Template:Cite news</ref> and several grandchildren.<ref name=McElwaine12>Template:Cite news</ref>

Tipper and Al Gore were baptized at Mount Vernon Baptist Church in Arlington, Virginia, in 1980. Tipper Gore served as a deaconess at Mount Vernon.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In June 2010, the Gores announced their marital separation, "a mutual and mutually supportive decision that we have made together following a process of long and careful consideration."<ref name="washpost1">Template:Cite news</ref> In August 2012, The New York Times reported that both Gores were dating other people and have no plans to resume marriage, but that their "bond endures" and their relationship is friendly. "The couple reunites a few times a year, most recently in June, for summer family vacations and Christmases in the Gore family seat of Carthage, Tennessee," the newspaper reported. As of August 2012 she was dating Bill Allen, who is a former editor of National Geographic.<ref name="NYT2">Template:Cite news</ref>

BibliographyEdit

Tipper Gore is the author of a number of books, including:

Raising PG Kids in an X-Rated Society, 1987, Template:ISBN
Picture This: A Visual Diary, 1996, Template:ISBN
Joined at the Heart: The Transformation of the American Family, 2002, Template:ISBN, (with Al Gore)
The Spirit of Family, 2002, Template:ISBN (with Al Gore)

She has also contributed to the following books:

The Way Home: Ending Homelessness in America, 2000, Template:ISBN
From the Bottom of Our Hearts, 2002, Template:ISBN (Foreword)

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

Template:Sister project

Template:S-start Template:S-hon Template:S-bef Template:S-ttl Template:S-aft |- Template:S-prec Template:S-bef Template:S-ttl Template:S-aft Template:S-end Template:US Second Ladies Template:Al Gore Template:Authority control