Tithi
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In Vedic timekeeping, a tithi is a "duration of two faces of moon that is observed from earth", known as milа̄lyа̄ (Template:Langx) in Nepal Bhasa,<ref name="kapali">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> or the time it takes for the longitudinal angle between the Moon and the Sun to increase by 12°. In other words, a tithi is a time duration between the consecutive epochs that correspond to when the longitudinal angle between the Sun and the Moon is an integer multiple of 12°. Tithis begin at varying times of day and vary in duration approximately from 19 to 26 hours.<ref name="as">Template:Cite book</ref> Every day of a lunar month is called tithi.
PanchangaEdit
A Hindu muhurta (forty-eight minute duration) can be represented in five attributes of Hindu astronomy namely, vara the weekday, tithi, nakshatra the Moon's asterism, yoga the angular relationship between Sun and Moon and karana half of tithi.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Tithi plays an important role along with nakshatra in Hindus' daily as well as special activities in selecting the muhurta. There are auspicious tithis as well as inauspicious tithis, each considered more propitious for some purposes than for other.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
In amānta lunar calenders, tithis are counted beginning at śukla pratipada, while in the pūrṇimānta lunar calenders, tithis are counted from kr̥ṣṇa pratipada. The śukla tithis are when the moon waxes, and the kr̥ṣṇa tithis are when the moon wanes. The average tithi lasts 23 hours 37.5 minutes, and can range from 19 hours 59 minutes to 26 hours 47 minutes. The calculation of tithi timings may also differ on whether one uses the traditional methods for calculating the Sun and Moon's movement as promulgated in the Sūrya Siddhānta or modern methods which correctly calculate the true motions of the Sun and Moon. The tithi in place at sunrise is considered the "tithi of the day", although the tithi may end before the next sunrise in which case the next tithi begins. Because the length of a tithi is also variable a case can arise where a tithi begins after sunrise and ends prior to the next sunrise, which is called a kṣaya tithi. The opposite phenomenon can occur where a tithi in place during a sunrise is still present in the following sunrise which is called an adhika or ahorātra tithi.Template:Sfn
There are 30 tithis in each lunar month, named as:<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
| Sl.No | Kr̥ṣṇa pakṣa (dark fortnight) |
Śukla pakṣa (bright fortnight) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pratipada | Pratipada |
| 2 | Dvitīyā | Dvitīyā |
| 3 | Tr̥tīyā | Tr̥tīyā |
| 4 | Caturthī | Caturthī |
| 5 | Pañcamī | Pañcamī |
| 6 | Ṣaṣṭhī | Ṣaṣṭhī |
| 7 | Saptamī | Saptamī |
| 8 | Aṣṭamī | Aṣṭamī |
| 9 | Navamī | Navamī |
| 10 | Daśamī | Daśamī |
| 11 | Ekādaśī | Ekādaśī |
| 12 | Dvādaśī | Dvādaśī |
| 13 | Trayodaśī | Trayodaśī |
| 14 | Caturdaśī | Caturdaśī |
| 15 | Amāvasyā (new moon) |
Pūrṇimā (full moon) |
See alsoEdit
Tithi is one of the five elements of a Pañcāṅga. The other four elements: