Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line

Template:Short description Template:Infobox road Template:Main other{{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template other{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox bridge with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank = 1| also_known_as | alt | aqueduct_name | architect | begin | below | bridge_name | builder | built | capacity | caption | carries | child | clearance | clearance_above | clearance_below | closed | collapsed | demolished | complete | contracted_designer | coord_format | coordinates | cost | crosses | dedicated | depth | design | designer | destroyed | diameter | downstream | electrification | embed | embedded | ends | engineering | extra | fabricator | fetchwikidata |first_length | first_diameter | followed | gauge | height | heritage | id | id_type | image | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | inaugurated | lanes | length | life | load | locale | location | mainspan | maint | maintained | mapframe | mapframe-caption | mapframe-custom | mapframe-id | mapframe-coord | mapframe-wikidata | mapframe-point | mapframe-shape | mapframe-frame-width | mapframe-frame-height | mapframe-shape-fill | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity | mapframe-stroke-color | mapframe-stroke-colour | mapframe-stroke-width | mapframe-marker | mapframe-marker-color | mapframe-marker-colour | mapframe-geomask | mapframe-geomask-stroke-color | mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour | mapframe-geomask-stroke-width | mapframe-geomask-fill | mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity | mapframe-zoom | mapframe-length_km | mapframe-length_mi | mapframe-area_km2 | mapframe-area_mi2 | mapframe-frame-coordinates | mapframe-frame-coord | mapframe-switcher | material | material1 | material2 | name | named_for | native_name | native_name_lang | notrack | num_track | number_spans | official_name | onlysourced | open | opened | opening | os_grid_reference | other_name | owner | passable | piers_in_water | pierswater | preceded | qid | rebuilt | references | refs | replaced_by | replaces | second_length | second_diameter | spans | starts | structure_gauge | third_length | third_diameter | toll | towpath | track_gauge | traffic | traversable | upstream | website | width | winner }}Template:Main other Template:Infobox tunnel The Template:Nihongo, also known as the Trans-Tokyo Bay Expressway, is an expressway that is mainly made up of a bridge–tunnel combination across Tokyo Bay in Japan. It connects the city of Kawasaki in Kanagawa Prefecture with the city of Kisarazu in Chiba Prefecture, and forms part of National Route 409. With an overall length of 23.7 km, it includes a 4.4 km bridge and 9.6 km tunnel underneath the bay—the fourth-longest underwater tunnel in the world.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

OverviewEdit

An artificial island, Template:Nihongo, marks the transition between the bridge and tunnel segments and provides a rest stop with restaurants, shops, and amusement facilities. A distinctive tower standing above the middle of the tunnel, the Kaze no Tō (Template:TooltipのTemplate:Tooltip, "the tower of wind"), supplies air to the tunnel, its ventilation system powered by the bay's almost-constant winds.

File:Tokyo Wan Aqua-Line.jpg

Tokyo Wan Aqua-Line.

File:Tokyo Aqua line bridge.jpg

Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line bridge.

The Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line shortened the drive between Chiba and Kanagawa, two important industrial areas, from 90 to 15 minutes,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and also helped cut travel time from Tokyo and Kanagawa to the seaside leisure spots of the southern Bōsō Peninsula. Before it opened, the trip entailed a 100 km journey along Tokyo Bay and pass through central Tokyo.

File:Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line Highway (30700131481).jpg

Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line Highway at night.

An explicit goal of the Aqua-Line was to redirect vehicular flow away from central Tokyo, but the expensive toll has meant only a limited reduction in central-Tokyo traffic.

Many highway bus services now use the Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line, including lines from Tokyo Station, Yokohama Station, Kawasaki Station, Shinagawa Station, Shibuya Station, Shinjuku Station and Haneda Airport to Kisarazu, Kimitsu, Nagaura station, Ichihara, Mobara, Tōgane, Kamogawa, Katsuura and Tateyama.

HistoryEdit

One of the last Japanese megaprojects of the 20th century,<ref name="longest">Template:Cite news</ref> the roadway was built at a cost of the ¥1.44 trillion (US$11.2 billion) and opened on December 18, 1997<ref name="opens"/> by then-Crown Prince Naruhito and then-Crown Princess Masako<ref name="road"/> after 23 years of planning and nine years of construction. The roadway was conceived during the bubble economy of the late 1980s.<ref name="road"/>

At opening time, the roadway had the highest toll fee in Japan Template:Endash a one-way trip costs ¥5050 or ¥334 per kilometer.<ref name="longest"/> Due to its expensive toll, analysts see lower traffic volume than what Japan Highway Public Corporation, the operator of the roadway, expected at 25,000 cars.<ref name="road">Template:Cite news</ref>

TollsEdit

The cash toll for a single trip on the Aqua-Line is ¥3,140 for ordinary-size cars (¥2,510 for kei cars); however, using the ETC (electronic toll collection) system, the fare is ¥2320 (¥1860 for kei cars). The ETC toll is reduced to ¥1000 on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays. In general, tolls for usage of the Aqua-Line in either direction are collected at the mainline toll plaza on the Kisarazu end.

Toll table of Tokyo-bay Aqua Line
(Kawasaki-Ukishima Junction – Kisarazu-Kaneda Interchange)
Type of car	Toll	ETC Aqua-Line Special discount	ETC Pilot Test discount (from July 2009)
Normal cars	3,140JPY	2,320JPY	800JPY
Midsize cars	3,770JPY	2,780JPY	960JPY
Large cars	5,190JPY	3,830JPY	1,320JPY
Specific large cars	8,640JPY	6,380JPY	2,200JPY
Kei-cars and motorcycles	2,510JPY	1,860JPY	640JPY