Toronto Star

Template:Short description Template:Redirect Template:Pp-move Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox newspaper Template:Canadian news media The Toronto Star is a Canadian English-language broadsheet daily newspaper. It is owned by Toronto Star Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary of Torstar Corporation and part of Torstar's Daily News Brands division.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The newspaper was established in 1892 as the Evening Star and was later renamed the Toronto Daily Star in 1900, under Joseph E. Atkinson. Atkinson was a major influence in shaping the editorial stance of the paper, with the paper reflecting his principles until his death in 1948.<ref name=canen>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His son-in-law, Harry C. Hindmarsh, shared those principles as the paper's longtime managing editor while also helping to build circulation with sensational stories, bold headlines and dramatic photos.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The paper was renamed the Toronto Star in 1971 and introduced a Sunday edition in 1977.<ref name=":1" />

HistoryEdit

The Star was created in 1892<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> by striking Toronto News printers and writers, led by future mayor of Toronto and social reformer Horatio Clarence Hocken, who became the newspaper's founder,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> along with another future mayor, Jimmy Simpson.

The Star was first printed on Toronto World presses, and at its formation, The World owned a 51 percent interest in itTemplate:Sfn as a silent partner.Template:Sfn That arrangement only lasted for two months, during which time it was rumoured that William Findlay "Billy" Maclean, The WorldTemplate:'s proprietor, was considering selling the Star to the Riordon family.Template:Efn After an extensive fundraising campaign among the Star staff, Maclean agreed to sell his interest to Hocken.Template:Sfn Template:Sfn

The paper did poorly in its first few years. Hocken sold out within the year, and several owners followed in succession until railway entrepreneur William Mackenzie bought it in 1896.Template:Sfn Its new editors, Edmund E. Sheppard and Frederic Thomas Nicholls, moved the entire Star operation into the same building used by the magazine Saturday Night.Template:Sfn

Under AtkinsonEdit

File:Joseph Edward Atkinson.jpg

Joseph E. Atkinson, Template:Circa. The Star became Toronto's largest newspaper under his leadership.<ref name=canen/>

Joseph E. "Holy Joe" Atkinson, backed by funds raised by supporters of Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier, bought the paper on December 13, 1899.Template:Sfn The supporters included Senator George Cox, William Mulock, Peter Charles Larkin and Timothy Eaton.<ref>Template:Cite DCB</ref> Atkinson became the controlling shareholder of the Star.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The Star was frequently criticized for practising the yellow journalism of its era. For decades, the paper included heavy doses of crime and sensationalism, along with advocating social change.

Atkinson was the StarTemplate:'s editor from 1899 until his death in 1948.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The newspaper's early opposition and criticism of the Nazi regime<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> saw it become one of the first North American papers to be banned in Germany.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Atkinson had a social conscience. He championed many causes that would come to be associated with the modern welfare state: old age pensions, unemployment insurance, and health care. The Government of Canada Digital Collections website describes Atkinson as:

a "radical" in the best sense of that term.... The Star was unique among North American newspapers in its consistent, ongoing advocacy of the interests of ordinary people. The friendship of Atkinson, the publisher, with Mackenzie King, the prime minister, was a major influence on the development of Canadian social policy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web
}}</ref>

Shortly before his death in 1948, Joseph E. Atkinson transferred ownership of the paper to a charitable organization given the mandate of continuing the paper's liberal tradition.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1949, the Province of Ontario passed the Charitable Gifts Act,Template:Efn barring charitable organizations from owning large parts of profit-making businesses,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> that effectively required the Star to be sold.Template:Efn

Atkinson's will had directed that profits from the paper's operations were "for the promotion and maintenance of social, scientific and economic reforms which are charitable in nature, for the benefit of the people of the province of Ontario" and it stipulated that the paper could be sold only to people who shared his social views.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The five trustees of the charitable organization circumvented the Act by buying the paper themselves and swearing before the Supreme Court of Ontario to continue what became known as the "Atkinson Principles":<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Banting-front-page Toronto Daily Star 1922.jpg

Front page of the Star in 1922, covering Frederick Banting's accomplishments with insulin

Template:Col div

A strong, united and independent Canada
Social justice
Individual and civil liberties
Community and civic engagement
The rights of working people
The necessary role of government

Template:Col div end

Other early media venturesEdit

Under Atkinson, the Star launched several other media initiatives, including a weekend supplemental magazine, the Star Weekly, from 1910 to 1973. From 1922 to 1933, the Star was also a radio broadcaster on its station CFCA, broadcasting on a wavelength of 400 metres (749.48 kHz); its coverage was complementary to the paper's reporting.<ref name="Plummer2014">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The station was closed following the establishment of the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC) and the introduction of a government policy that, in essence, restricted private stations to an effective radiated power of 100 watts.<ref name="Plummer2014" /> The Star would continue to supply sponsored content to the CRBC's CRCT station—which later became CBC station CBL—an arrangement that lasted until 1946.<ref name="Plummer2014" />

1971–presentEdit

In 1971, the newspaper was renamed The Toronto Star and moved to a modern International-style office tower at One Yonge Street by Queens Quay. The original Star building at 80 King Street West was demolished to make room for First Canadian Place.

The Star expanded during the 1970s with the introduction of a Sunday edition in 1973 and a morning edition in 1981.<ref name=canen/>

In 1992, its printing plant was moved to the Toronto Star Press Centre at the Highway 407 & 400 interchange in Vaughan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In September 2002, the logo was changed, and "The" was dropped from the masthead. During the 2003 Northeast blackout, the Star printed the paper at a press in Welland, Ontario. The newspaper's former printing plant was housed at One Yonge Street until the Toronto Star Press Centre opened.

Until the mid-2000s, the front page of the Toronto Star had no third-party advertising aside from upcoming lottery jackpot estimates from the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation (OLG).

On May 28, 2007, the Star unveiled a redesigned paper that featured larger type, narrower pages, fewer and shorter articles, renamed sections, a more prominent focus on local news, and less focus on international news, columnists, and opinion pieces.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, on January 1, 2009, the Star reverted to its previous format. Star P.M., a free newspaper in PDF format that could be downloaded from the newspaper's website each weekday afternoon, was discontinued in October 2007, thirteen months after its launch.

On January 15, 2016, Torstar confirmed the closure of its Vaughan printing presses and indicated that it would outsource printing to Transcontinental Printing, leading to the layoff of all 285 staff at the plant, as Transcontinental had its own existing facility, also in Vaughan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The newspaper said the closure was effected so it could better focus on its digital outlets.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In February 2018, the Toronto Star suspended its internship program indefinitely to cut its costs.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Long a source of Canada's next generation of journalists, the paid positions were seen by journalists and program alumni as a vital part of the national industry, and their suspension, a sign of its continuing decline.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2020, the internship program returned.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In April 2018, the Toronto Star expanded its local coverage of Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton and Halifax with rebranded daily newspapers, previously known as Metro, as StarMetro, which was a joint venture between Torstar (90%) and Swedish media company Metro International (10%).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In October 2018, the Toronto Star acquired iPolitics, a political news outlet. It ceased to own the property in 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On December 20, 2019, all StarMetro editions ceased publication.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The newspaper was acquired by NordStar Capital on May 26, 2020, after the board of Torstar voted to sell the company to the investment firm for Template:CAD—making Torstar a privately held company.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The deal was expected to be approved by Torstar's shareholders and to close by the end of 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Canadian Modern Media Holdings made an offer of $58Template:Nbspmillion on July 9, 2020;<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> NordStar subsequently increased its offer to $60Template:Nbspmillion, effectively ending the bidding war.<ref name=":0" /> The majority of shareholders voted in favour of the deal.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The takeover was approved by an Ontario judge on July 27, 2020.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> An appeal of the judgement by another prospective purchaser failed on July 31 when Ontario Superior Court Justice Michael Penny dismissed the motion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In November 2022, the newspaper moved its headquarters from the 1 Yonge Street to a new location on Spadina Avenue at Front Street.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="thestar.com">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ContentEdit

Editorial positionEdit

Like its competitor The Globe and Mail, the Star covers "a spectrum of opinion that is best described as urban and Central Canadian" in character. The Star is generally centrist and centre-left, and is more socially liberal than The Globe and Mail.<ref name="Winter">Elke Winter, Us, Them and Others: Pluralism and National Identities in Diverse Societies (University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. 96.</ref> The paper has aligned itself over the years with the progressive "Atkinson principles" named for publisher Joseph E. Atkinson,<ref name="Wallace">Kenyon Wallace, How the Star is making its political endorsements more transparent, Toronto Star (May 26, 2018).</ref> who was editor and publisher of the paper for 50 years.<ref name="Harris">Tamar Harris, Through constant change, Atkinson Principles endure, Toronto Star (November 4, 2017).</ref> These principles included social justice and social welfare provision, as well as individual rights and civil liberties.<ref name="Harris" /> In 1984, scholar Wilfred H. Kesterton described the Star as "perpetually indignant" because of its social consciousness.<ref name="Winter" /> When Atkinson's son Joseph Story Atkinson became president of the Star in 1957, he said, "From its inception in 1892, the Star has been a champion of social and economic reform, a defender of minority rights, a foe of discrimination, a friend of organized labour and a staunch advocate of Canadian nationhood."<ref name="Harris" />

Another of the "Atkinson principles" has been a "strong, united and independent Canada"; in a 1927 editorial, the paper wrote, "We believe in the British connection as much as anybody does but on a self-respecting basis of equality, of citizenship, and not on the old basis of one country belonging to the other."<ref name="Harris" /> The paper was historically wary of American influence,<ref name="Harris" /> and during the debates over the North American Free Trade Agreement, the paper was frequently critical of free trade and expressed concerns about Canadian sovereignty.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The paper has been traditionally supportive of official bilingualism and maintaining Canadian unity in opposition to Quebec separatism.<ref name="Harris" />

In the 1980s, Michael Farber wrote in the Montreal Gazette that the StarTemplate:'s coverage was Toronto-centric to the point that any story was said to carry an explanation as to "What it means to Metro."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Conversely, Canadian sociologist Elke Winter wrote in 2011 that the Toronto Star was less "Toronto-centric" than its rival, The Globe and Mail, writing that the Star "consciously reports for and from Canada's most multicultural city" and catered to a diverse readership.<ref name="Winter" />

The advent of the National Post in 1998 shook up the Toronto newspaper market.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the upheaval that followed, editorial spending increased and there was much turnover of editors and publishers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Election endorsementsEdit

In the 50 years to 1972, the Star endorsed the Liberal Party in each federal general election.<ref name="English">Kathy English, Why do newspapers endorse?, Toronto Star (October 11, 2008).</ref> In the fifteen federal elections between 1968 and 2019, the Star has endorsed the Liberal Party eleven times, the New Democratic Party twice, and the Progressive Conservative Party twice.<ref name="Wallace" />

Elections in which the Star did not endorse the Liberals took place in 1972 and 1974 (when it endorsed the Progressive Conservatives), and in 1979 and 2011 (when it endorsed the NDP).<ref name="English" /><ref name="Wallace" /> In the 2011 election, the Star endorsed the NDP under Jack Layton,<ref name="Toronto Star endorses the NDP" /> but to avoid vote splitting that could inadvertently help the Conservatives under Stephen Harper, which it saw as the worst outcome for the country, the paper also recommended Canadians vote strategically by voting for "the progressive candidate best placed to win" in certain ridings.<ref name="strategicvoting">Template:Cite news</ref> For the 2015 election, the Star endorsed the Liberal Party under Justin Trudeau,<ref name="2015endorsement">Template:Cite news</ref> and did so again in 2019<ref name="2019endorsement">Template:Cite news</ref> and 2021.<ref name="2021endorsement">Template:Cite news</ref> The Star endorsed the Liberals under Mark Carney for the 2025 federal election.<ref name="2025endorsement">Template:Cite news</ref>

In Toronto's non-partisan mayoral elections, the Star endorsed George Smitherman in 2010<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and John Tory in 2014,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> 2018,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and 2022.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Star endorsed Ana Bailão in the 2023 Toronto mayoral by-election.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

FeaturesEdit

The Star is one of the few Canadian newspapers that employs a "public editor" (ombudsman) and was the first to do so. Its newsroom policy and journalistic standards guide is also published online.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The Star favours an inclusive, "big tent" approach, not wishing to attract one group of readers at the expense of others. It publishes regular features on real estate, individual neighbourhoods, style, business and travel.

ProductsEdit

WebsiteEdit

The Star launched its website in 1996.<ref name=canen/> In October 2012, the Star announced its intention to implement a paywall on its website, thestar.com,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> effective August 13, 2013. Readers with daily home delivery had free access to all digital content. Those without a digital subscription could access 10 articles a month.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Star removed its paywall on April 1, 2015,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and revived it in 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Mobile appEdit

On September 15, 2015, the Toronto Star released the Star Touch tablet app, which was a free interactive news app with interactive advertisements. At launch, it was only available for the iPad, which uses iOS. Based on a similar app for Montreal-based {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} released in 2013, Star Touch is the first such app for any English-language news organization.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In slightly over 50 days after launch, the app had reached the 100,000-download milestone.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Android version was launched on December 1, 2015.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was discontinued in 2017.

The Star's current iOS app is rated 12+ by Apple's App Store guidelines<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the Android version is rated Mature 17+ by the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CirculationEdit

File:Red post box here appears fuchsia! (27283651334).jpg

A Canada Post mailbox next to an empty Toronto Star vending box

The Toronto Star has seen, like most Canadian daily newspapers, a decline in circulation. Its total circulation dropped by {{#expr: abs(100 - (318,763 / 409,340 * 100)) round 0}} percent to 318,763 copies daily from 2009 to 2015.<ref name="Circulation Chart">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:Image frame

OfficesEdit

Template:Multiple image The Toronto Star has been located at several addresses since 1892.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

1892: 83 Yonge Street (shared with The Toronto World)
1896: 26–28 Adelaide Street West
1905: 18–20 King Street West
1929: 80 King Street West (Old Toronto Star Building)
1970: One Yonge Street
2022: 8 Spadina Avenue<ref name="thestar.com" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>