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City gate

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File:Kent gate, Quebec city, Canada.jpg
Kent Gate is a city gate at the ramparts of Quebec.

A city gate is a gate which is, or was, set within a city wall. It is a type of fortified gateway.

UsesEdit

File:Anton Seitz Torwache 1857.jpg
Depiction of a guard checking a salesperson's papers at a city gate

City gates were traditionally built to provide a point of controlled access to and departure from a walled city for people, vehicles, goods and animals. Depending on their historical context they filled functions relating to defense, security, health, trade, taxation, and representation, and were correspondingly staffed by military or municipal authorities. The city gate was also commonly used to display diverse kinds of public information such as announcements, tax and toll schedules, standards of local measures, and legal texts. It could be heavily fortified, ornamented with heraldic shields, sculpture or inscriptions, or used as a location for warning or intimidation, for example by displaying the heads of beheaded criminals or public enemies.

Notably in Denmark, many market towns used to have at least one city gate mostly as part of the city's fortifications, but during the Age of Absolutism their functions become closely linked to the collection of customs, the so-called octroi, which from 1660 onwards was charged to the market town's coffers. When absolutism in Denmark came to an end after the revolutions of 1848, gate consumption was abolished in 1852, and since then the city gates also began to disappear.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Medieval Danish city gates are found today only in Vesterport, Faaborg, and Mølleporten, Stege, as well as in Flensburg, today in Germany. Further city gates, in one form or another, can be found across the world in cities dating back to ancient times to around the 19th century. Many cities would close their gates after a certain curfew each night, for example, a bigger one like Prague or a smaller one like the one in Flensburg, in the north of Germany.

With increased stability and freedom, many walled cities removed such fortifications as city gates, although many still survive; albeit for historic interest rather than security. Many surviving gates have been heavily restored, rebuilt or new ones created to add to the appearance of a city, such as Bab Bou Jalous in Fes. With increased levels of traffic, city gates have come under threat in the past for impeding the flow of traffic, such as Temple Bar Gate in London which was removed in the 19th century.

ExamplesEdit

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AfricaEdit

File:Bab Agnaou.jpg
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AsiaEdit

File:20190922 北京1.jpg
Zhengyangmen is a city gate in Beijing.
File:Damascus Gate in Jerusalem (32132921571).jpg
Damascus Gate is one of several gates of the Old City of Jerusalem.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
File:Split Diocletians Palace Golden Gate 2017 P01.jpg
Golden Gate of Diocletian's Palace in Split
File:Sarajevo – Višegradska kapija 1.jpg
Višegrad Gate on Vratnik, eastern entrance to Sarajevo

EuropeEdit

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File:Stadttor von Braga (14007312985).jpg
Arco da Porta Nova is a city gate in Braga.
File:Puerta Baja, Daroca, Zaragoza, España, 2014-01-08, DD 07.JPG
Puerta Baja gate in Daroca, Aragon, Spain, built in the XV century

AmericasEdit

File:Zonnepoort tiwanaku.jpg
The Gateway of the Sun in Tiwanaku, Bolivia, built between 500 and 950 CE
File:Torre De Reloj27-09-14.jpg
Puerta del Reloj in Cartagena, Colombia, built between 1704 and 1738
File:Santa Catalina Arch - Antigua Guatemala Feb 2020.jpg
Arco de Santa Catalina in Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala, built in 1693
File:Arco de Belén. Habana Vieja, La Habana, Cuba. Agosto de 2016 01.jpg
Arco de Belén in Havana, Cuba, built in 1775
  • Canada: Kent Gate, Prescott Gate, Saint-Jean Gate, and Saint-Louis Gate at the ramparts of Quebec City
  • Mexico: San Francisco de Campeche, a World Heritage Site, it is a colonial walled city. Are preserved today two city gates: Puerta del Mar completed in 1710, and Puerta de Tierra built in 1732.
  • Trinidad and Tobago: City Gate (Port of Spain), Port of Spain
  • Puerto Rico:
    • In San Juan, a World Heritage Site, the Walls of the city had five gates. The main was the Puerta de San Juan, today preserved, built in 1635. It also had the Puerta de San José, the Puerta de Santa Rosa, the Puerta de San Justo and the Puerta de Santiago the latter built between 1635 and 1641 by Captain General Íñigo de la Mota Sarmiento.
    • In San Juan, the main gate of the Castle San Felipe del Morro, built between 1589 and 1650.
  • Cuba:
  • Dominican Republic:

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See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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