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Tribeca

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Tribeca (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell), originally written as TriBeCa, is a neighborhood in Lower Manhattan in New York City. Its name is a syllabic abbreviation of "Triangle Below Canal Street".<ref>Presson, Chandler. "The Ultimate Guide to NYC's Tribeca", Gotham March 1, 2023. Accessed March 31, 2024. "The name Tribeca is actually a syllabic abbreviation for 'Triangle Below Canal,' referring to the coveted cobblestone streets that make up the neighborhood."</ref> The "triangle" (more accurately a quadrilateral) is bounded by Canal Street, West Street, Broadway, and Chambers Street. By the 2010s, a common marketing tactic was to extend Tribeca's southern boundary to either VeseyTemplate:Efn or Murray Streets to increase the appeal of property listings.<ref>Hall, Miriam (October 1, 2017). "Blurring the Boundaries Template:Webarchive". The Real Deal. Retrieved February 2, 2019.</ref>

The neighborhood began as farmland, then was a residential neighborhood in the early 19th century, before becoming a mercantile area centered on produce, dry goods, and textiles, and then transitioning to artists and then actors, models, entrepreneurs, and other celebrities. The neighborhood is home to the Tribeca Festival, which was created in response to the September 11 attacks, to reinvigorate the neighborhood and downtown after the destruction caused by the terrorist attacks.<ref name=enc-nyc />

Tribeca is part of Manhattan Community District 1, and its primary ZIP Codes are 10007 and 10013.<ref name="NYCPlanning"/> It is patrolled by the 1st Precinct of the New York City Police Department.

NameEdit

Tribeca is one of a number of neighborhoods in New York City whose names are syllabic abbreviations or acronyms, including SoHo (South of Houston Street), NoHo (North of Houston Street), Nolita (North of Little Italy), NoMad (North of Madison Square), DUMBO (Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass), and BoCoCa, the last of which is actually a collection of neighborhoods (Boerum Hill, Cobble Hill, and Carroll Gardens).

File:Textile Building, Tribeca Historic District (15 October 2005).jpg
Textile Building (1901) in the Tribeca Historic District

The name "Tribeca" was coined in the early 1970s and originally applied to the narrower area bounded by Broadway and Canal, Lispenard, and Church Streets, which appears to be a triangle on city planning maps. Residents of this area formed the TriBeCa Artists' Co-op in filing legal documents connected to a 1973 zoning dispute.<ref name=NYT2001/> An April 1976 article in The New York Times described that residents had used such names as "Lo Cal" and "So So" for the neighborhood, and that the City Planning Commission had established the name and that it covered "Canal Street on the north, Barclay Street on the south, West Street, and Broadway on the east".<ref>Glueck, Grace. "Art People" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, April 30, 1976. Accessed February 20, 2024. "It's called TriBeCa, though nobody's wild about the name. That's City Planning Commission short talk for Triangle Below Canal Street, but those who live there have other designations for it—Lo Cal, Washington Market, the Lower West Side or even SoSo (for South of Soho). Larger than SoHo in area, TriBeCa lies next to the financial district, a triangle (really a trapezoid) bounded by Canal Street on the north, Barclay Street on the south, West Street, and Broadway on the east."</ref> According to a local historian, the name had been misconstrued by the newspaper reporter as applying to a much larger area, which is how it came to be the name of the current neighborhood.<ref name=NYT2001>Template:Cite news</ref>

HistoryEdit

Early historyEdit

The area now known as Tribeca was farmed by Dutch settlers to New Amsterdam, prominently Roeleff Jansen (who obtained the land patent, called Dominie's Bouwery, from Wouter van Twiller in 1636) and his wife Anneke Jans who later married Everardus Bogardus. The land stayed with the family until 1670 when the deed was signed over to Col. Francis Lovelace. In 1674 the Dutch took possession of the area until the English reclaimed the land a year later. In 1674, representing the Duke of York, Governor Andros took possession of the land.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Tribeca was later part of the large tract of land given to Trinity Church by Queen Anne in 1705. In 1807, the church built St. John's Chapel on Varick Street and then laid out St. John's Park, bounded by Laight Street, Varick Street, Ericsson Place, and Hudson Street. The church also built Hudson Square, a development of brick houses that surrounded the park, which would become the model for Gramercy Park. The area was among the first residential neighborhoods developed in New York City beyond the city's colonial boundaries, and remained primarily residential until the 1840s.<ref name=enc-nyc />

Several streets in the area are named after Anthony Lispenard Bleecker and the Lispenard family. Beach Street was created in the late 18th century and was the first street on or adjacent to the farm of Anthony Lispenard Bleecker, which was just south of what is now Canal Street; the name of the street is a corruption of the name of Paul Bache, a son-in-law of Anthony Lispenard.<ref>Template:Cite streetbook, p.26</ref><ref>Template:Cite naming</ref> Lispenard Street in Tribeca is named for the Lispenard family,<ref name="cite naming|page=45">Template:Cite naming</ref> and Bleecker Street in NoHo was named for Anthony Lispenard Bleecker.<ref name="cite naming|page=45" />

Commercial and industrial developmentEdit

During the 1840s and then continuing after the American Civil War, shipping in New York City – which then consisted only of Manhattan – shifted in large part from the East River and the area around South Street to the Hudson River, where the longer piers could more easily handle the larger ships which were then coming into use. In addition, the dredging of the sand bars which lay across the entrance to New York Harbor from the Atlantic Ocean made it easier for ships to navigate to the piers on the Hudson, rather than use the "back door" via the East River to the piers there.<ref>Template:Cite concrete</ref><ref name=aia59 /> Later, the Hudson River piers also received freight via railroad cars ferried across the river from New Jersey.<ref name=fednyc>Template:Cite fednyc</ref>

File:Radio Row-Berenice Abbott.jpg
"Radio Row", seen here in 1934, was displaced by the building of the World Trade Center. (Photo by Berenice Abbott)

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The increased shipping encouraged the expansion of the Washington Market – a wholesale produce market that opened in 1813 as "Bear Market" – from the original market buildings to buildings throughout its neighborhood, taking over houses and warehouses to use for the storage of produce, including butter, cheese, and eggs.<ref name=aia59 /><ref name=enc-nyc /> In the mid-19th century, the neighborhood was the center of the dry goods and textile industries in the city, and St. John's Park was turned into a freight depot.<ref name=enc-nyc /> Later, the area also featured fireworks outlets, pets stores, radios – which were clustered in a district that was displaced by the building of the World Trade Center – sporting goods, shoes, and church supplies.<ref name=fednyc /> By the mid-19th century, the area transformed into a commercial center, with large numbers of store and loft buildings constructed along Broadway in the 1850s and 1860s.

Development in the area was further spurred by New York City Subway construction, namely the extension of the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line (today's Template:NYCS trains), which opened for service in 1918, and the accompanying extension of Seventh Avenue and the widening of Varick Street during subway construction in 1914, both of resulted in better access to the area for vehicles and for subway riders. The area was also served by the IRT Ninth Avenue Line, an elevated train line on Greenwich Street demolished in 1940.

After the construction of the Holland Tunnel from 1920 to 1927 and the transition of freight shipping from ships and railroads to trucks,<ref>Bradley, Betsey (December 8, 1982) "Tribeca North Historic District Designation Report" Template:Webarchive New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</ref> the truck traffic generated by the market and other businesses caused considerable congestion in the area. This provoked the building between 1929 and 1951 of the Miller Highway, an elevated roadway that came to be called the West Side Highway, the purpose of which was to handle through automobile traffic, which thus did not have to deal with the truck congestion at street level. Because of a policy of "deferred maintenance", the elevated structure began to fall apart in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and the highway was shut down in 1973. The roadway project planned to replace it, called Westway, was fought by neighborhood activists, and was eventually killed by environmental concerns. Instead, West Street was rebuilt to handle through traffic.<ref name=aia59>Template:Cite aia5</ref><ref name=enc-nyc />

RedevelopmentEdit

By the 1960s, Tribeca's industrial base had all but vanished, and the produce market moved to Hunts Point in the Bronx in the 1960s. The city put an urban renewal plan into effect, which involved the demolition of many old buildings, with the intent of building high-rise residential towers, office buildings, and schools. Some of these were constructed, including Independence Plaza in 1975 on Washington Street, the Borough of Manhattan Community College in 1980, and Washington Market Park in 1981.<ref name=enc-nyc /> Some warehouse buildings were converted to residential use, and lofts began to be utilized by artists, who lived and worked in their spaces, a model which had been pioneered in nearby SoHo.<ref name=aia59 /> In the early 1970s, a couple of years after artists in SoHo were able to legalize their live/work situation, artist and resident organizations in the area to the south, then known as Washington Market or the Lower West Side, sought to gain similar zoning status for their neighborhood. One of the neighborhood groups called themselves the "Triangle Below Canal Block Association", and, as activists had done in SoHo, shortened the group's name to the Tribeca Block Association. The Tribeca name came to be applied to the area south of Canal Street, between Broadway and West Street, extending south to – as variously defined – Chambers, Vesey,<ref name="NYMag">Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref><ref>"Tribeca, Manhattan, New York, NY" Google Maps</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> or Murray Street.<ref name=enc-nyc>Gold, Joyce "Tribeca" in Template:Cite enc-nyc2, p.1333</ref>

File:Tribeca map crop.png
Map of Tribeca (excluding the portion south of Chambers Street) and major parks and transit connections.

In 1996, the Tribeca Open Artist Studio Tour was founded as a non-profit, artist-run organization with the mission to empower the working artists of Tribeca while providing an educational opportunity for the public. For 15 years, the annual free walking tour through artist studios in Tribeca has allowed people to get a unique glimpse into the lives of Tribeca's best creative talent.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Tribeca suffered both physically and financially after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, but government grants and incentives helped the area rebound fairly quickly.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Tribeca Film Festival was established to help contribute to the long-term recovery of lower Manhattan after 9/11. The festival also celebrates New York City as a major filmmaking center. The mission of the film festival is "to enable the international film community and the general public to experience the power of film by redefining the film festival experience." Tribeca is a popular filming location for movies and television shows.

By the early 21st century, Tribeca became one of Manhattan's most fashionable and desirable neighborhoods, well known for its celebrity residents. Its streets teem with art galleries, boutique shops, restaurants, and bars.<ref name=enc-nyc /> In 2006, Forbes magazine ranked its 10013 zip code as New York City's most expensive (however, the adjacent, low-income neighborhood of Chinatown, also uses the 10013 zip code).<ref>Most Expensive ZIP Codes 2006 Template:Webarchive, Forbes, accessed November 6, 2006</ref> Template:As of Tribeca was the safest neighborhood in New York City, according to NYPD and CompStat statistics.<ref>Manley, Charles. "The Safest and Most Dangerous Areas of New York City" Template:Webarchive on the Yahoo! Voices website</ref> In the 2010s, several skyscrapers were completed, including 30 Park Place (containing the Four Seasons Hotel New York Downtown), 56 Leonard Street, and 111 Murray Street.<ref name=":0" />

Template:US Census population

DemographicsEdit

For census purposes, the New York City government classifies Tribeca as part of a larger neighborhood tabulation area called SoHo-TriBeCa-Civic Center-Little Italy.<ref>New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010 Template:Webarchive, Population Division – New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.</ref> Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of SoHo-TriBeCa-Civic Center-Little Italy was 42,742, a change of 5,985 (14%) from the 36,757 counted in 2000. Covering an area of Template:Convert, the neighborhood had a population density of Template:Convert.<ref name="PFF">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 66.1% (28,250) White, 2.2% (934) African American, 0.1% (30) Native American, 22.2% (9,478) Asian, 0% (11) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (171) from other races, and 2.6% (1,098) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.5% (2,770) of the population.<ref name="PLP3A">Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin – New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010 Template:Webarchive, Population Division – New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.</ref>

The entirety of Community District 1, which comprises Tribeca and other Lower Manhattan neighborhoods, had 63,383 inhabitants as of NYC Health's Template:As of Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.8 years.<ref name="CHP2018">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.<ref name=":21">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp Most inhabitants are young to middle-aged adults: half (50%) are between the ages of 25–44, while 14% are between 0–17, and 18% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 11% and 7%, respectively.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp

Template:As of the median household income in Community Districts 1 and 2 was $144,878.<ref name="CB1PUMA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2018, an estimated 9% of Tribeca and Lower Manhattan residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twenty-five residents (4%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 38% in Tribeca and Lower Manhattan, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51%, respectively. Based on this calculation, Template:As of Tribeca and Lower Manhattan are considered high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp

PlacesEdit

File:American Thread Wbwy jeh.JPG
American Thread Building

Tribeca is dominated by former industrial buildings that have been converted into residential buildings and lofts, similar to those of the neighboring SoHo-Cast Iron Historic District. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the neighborhood was a center of the textile/cotton trade.

Notable buildings in the neighborhoods include the historic neo-Renaissance Textile Building, designed by Henry J. Hardenbergh and built in 1901, and the Powell Building, a designated Landmark on Hudson Street, which was designed by Carrère and Hastings and built in 1892.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Other notable buildings include the New York Telephone Company building at 140 West Street, between Vesey and Barclay, with its Mayan-inspired Art Deco motif, and the former New York Mercantile Exchange at 6 Harrison Street.

During the late 1960s and 1970s, abandoned and inexpensive Tribeca lofts became hot-spot residences for young artists and their families because of the seclusion of lower Manhattan and the vast living space. Jim Stratton, a Tribeca resident since this period, wrote the 1977 nonfiction book entitled Pioneering in the Urban Wilderness, detailing his experiences renovating lower Manhattan warehouses into residences.

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Historic districtsEdit

File:388 Greenwich Street IMG 8990.JPG
388 Greenwich Street

Four New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission-designated four historic districts within Tribeca in 1991 and 1992, as well as an extension of one in 2002:

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Police and crimeEdit

File:Cortlandt Alley, New York-L1002108.jpg
Cortlandt Alley at night

Tribeca and Lower Manhattan are patrolled by the 1st Precinct of the NYPD, located at 16 Ericsson Place.<ref name="NYPD 1st Precinct">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The 1st Precinct ranked 63rd safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. Though the number of crimes is low compared to other NYPD precincts, the residential population is also much lower.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:As of with a non-fatal assault rate of 24 per 100,000 people, Tribeca and Lower Manhattan's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 152 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp

The 1st Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 86.3% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 1 murder, 23 rapes, 80 robberies, 61 felony assaults, 85 burglaries, 1,085 grand larcenies, and 21 grand larcenies auto in 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Fire safetyEdit

File:Ghostbusters Firehouse.jpg
New York City Fire Department Ladder Company 8 firehouse at Varick and N. Moore Streets

Tribeca is served by two New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations.<ref>Template:Cite FDNY locations</ref> Engine Company 7/Ladder Company 1/Battalion 1 is located at 100 Duane Street<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> while Ladder Company 8, which appears in the Ghostbusters films,<ref name=Plagianos2015/> is located at 14 North Moore Street.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HealthEdit

Template:As of preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Tribeca and Lower Manhattan than in other places citywide. In Tribeca and Lower Manhattan, there were 77 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 2.2 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide), though the teenage birth rate is based on a small sample size.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp Tribeca and Lower Manhattan have a low population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 4%, less than the citywide rate of 12%, though this was based on a small sample size.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Tribeca and Lower Manhattan is Template:Convert, more than the city average.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp Sixteen percent of Tribeca and Lower Manhattan residents are smokers, which is more than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp In Tribeca and Lower Manhattan, 4% of residents are obese, 3% are diabetic, and 15% have high blood pressure, the lowest rates in the city—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp In addition, 5% of children are obese, the lowest rate in the city, compared to the citywide average of 20%.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp

Ninety-six percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is more than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 88% of residents described their health as "good," "very good", or "excellent", more than the city's average of 78%.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp For every supermarket in Tribeca and Lower Manhattan, there are 6 bodegas.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp

The nearest major hospital is NewYork-Presbyterian Lower Manhattan Hospital in the Civic Center area.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Post offices and ZIP CodesEdit

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Church & Chambers Street
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Church & Reade Street (2013)

Tribeca is located within two primary ZIP Codes. Most of the neighborhood is covered by 10013, but the southernmost blocks are located in 10007, and the Jacob K. Javits Federal Building is located in 10278.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The United States Postal Service operates two post offices near Tribeca: the Federal Plaza Station at 26 Federal Plaza<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the Canal Street Station at 350 Canal Street.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

EducationEdit

Tribeca and Lower Manhattan generally have a higher rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city Template:As of The vast majority of residents age 25 and older (84%) have a college education or higher, while 4% have less than a high school education and 12% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 64% of Manhattan residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp The percentage of Tribeca and Lower Manhattan students excelling in math rose from 61% in 2000 to 80% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 66% to 68% during the same time period.<ref name=":17">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Tribeca and Lower Manhattan's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City. In Tribeca and Lower Manhattan, 6% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, less than the citywide average of 20%.<ref name=":21" />Template:Rp<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp Additionally, 96% of high school students in Tribeca and Lower Manhattan graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.<ref name="CHP2018" />Template:Rp

SchoolsEdit

The New York City Department of Education operates the following public schools nearby:<ref name="Zillow">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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LibrariesEdit

The New York Public Library (NYPL) operates two branches nearby. The New Amsterdam branch is located at 9 Murray Street near Broadway. It was established on the ground floor of an office building in 1989.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Battery Park City branch is located at 175 North End Avenue near Murray Street. Completed in 2010, the two-story branch is NYPL's first LEED-certified branch.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Notable peopleEdit

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Robert De Niro and Jane Rosenthal had high profiles in the district's revival when they co-produced the dramatic television anthology series TriBeCa in 1993 and co-founded the annual Tribeca Film Festival in 2002. De Niro also claimed ownership of all domain names incorporating the text "Tribeca" for domain names with any content related to film festivals. In particular, he had a dispute with the owner of the website tribeca.net.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In popular cultureEdit

Although Wizards of Waverly Place includes a fictional "Tribeca Prep", exterior shots were filmed at P.S. 40 on East 20th Street, between First Avenue and Second Avenue in midtown Gramercy Park.<ref>Wizards of Waverly Place Trivia Facts Template:Webarchive. ShareTV. Retrieved on July 19, 2013.</ref> In addition, a fictional "Tribeca High School" appears in the Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episode "Granting Immunity." Local radio station WHTZ's studio is located here. In the third book of the Witches of East End series, Winds of Salem, the Oracle, an almighty god from Asgard, lives in Tribeca.

The Subaru Tribeca, which went into production in 2005, and was discontinued being sold in the United States in 2012, was an automobile named after the neighborhood.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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Community groups and organizations

Images and memories

Neighborhood guides

News and blogs

  • The Tribeca Trib – neighborhood newspaper in circulation since 1994
  • Tribecan – Daily online magazine dedicated exclusively to Tribeca
  • Battery Park Blog – Covering Battery Park City, the Financial District, and Tribeca
  • The Battery Park City Broadsheet – Local news throughout Battery Park City, Tribeca, South Street Seaport, and the Financial District
  • Downtown Express – Weekly, local newspaper of Lower Manhattan
  • The Tribeca Citizen – Online local newspaper covering Tribeca, Battery Park City, the Financial District, and east of Broadway


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