Turms

Template:Short description Template:Coin image box 1 double Template:SpecialChars In Etruscan religion, Turms (usually written as 𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌌𐌑 Turmś in the Etruscan alphabet) was the equivalent of Roman Mercury and Greek Hermes, both gods of trade and the messenger god between people and gods.<ref>Hermoea Template:Webarchive</ref> He was depicted with the same distinctive attributes as Hermes and Mercury: a caduceus, a petasos (often winged), and/or winged sandals.Template:Sfnp He is portrayed as a messenger of the gods, particularly Tinia (Jupiter),Template:Sfnp although he is also thought to be ‘at the service’ (ministerium) of other deities.Template:Sfnp

Etruscan artwork often depicts Turms in his role as psychopomp, conducting the soul into the afterlife.Template:Sfnp In this capacity he is sometimes shown on Etruscan sarcophagi—in one case side by side with Charun and Cerberus.Template:Sfnp In another depiction, in which the god is labelled as 𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌌𐌑 𐌀𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌑 Turmś Aitaś or ‘Turms of Hades’, he brings the shade of Tiresias to consult with Odysseus in the underworld.Template:Sfnp Turms also appears in images depicting the Judgement of Paris,Template:Sfnp as well as in scenes with Hercle (Heracles) or Perseus.Template:Sfnp

The name Turms is of distinctively Etruscan origin, like that of Fufluns but in contrast to deities such as Hercle and Apulu (Apollo), whose names were borrowed from Greek.Template:Sfnp

Turms is known more from decoration on everyday objects, such as mirrors, than from cult images,Template:Sfnp although one dedication has been taken to indicate the existence of a temple of Turms at Cortona.Template:Sfnp

Bernard Combet-Farnoux interprets comments by Servius and MacrobiusTemplate:Sfnp as indicating that “Hermes-Turms” had the epithet Camillus, meaning ‘servant’ (i.e. of the other deities).Template:Sfnp A scholium on Callimachus adds that “Cadmilos is Hermes in Tyrrhenia”; Combet-Farnoux considers Camillus and Cadmilos to be variants of the same name.Template:Sfnp

Turms is also the name of a character in a historical novel by Mika Waltari, The Etruscan, which takes place during the end of Etruscan civilization.

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