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USS Agamenticus was one of four Template:Sclasss built for the United States Navy during the American Civil War. Commissioned as the war was ending in May 1865, the ironclad saw no combat and was decommissioned in September and placed in reserve. The ship was reactivated in 1870, having been renamed Terror the previous year, and was assigned to the North Atlantic Fleet where she served in the Caribbean Sea. The monitor was decommissioned again in 1872 and was sold for scrap two years later. The Navy Department evaded the Congressional refusal to order new ships by claiming that the Civil War-era ship was being repaired while building a new monitor of the same name.

DescriptionEdit

The Miantonomoh class was designed by John Lenthall, Chief of the Bureau of Construction and Repair, although the ships varied somewhat in their details. Agamenticus was Template:Convert long overall, had a beam of Template:Convert<ref name=c4>Canney, p. 67</ref> and had a draft of Template:Convert.<ref name=s9/> The ship had a depth of hold of Template:Convert,<ref name=c4/> a tonnage of 1,564 tons burthen and displaced Template:Convert.<ref name=s9>Silverstone, p. 8</ref> She was fitted with a breakwater to protect the forward gun turret from flooding in high seas.<ref name=c4/> Her crew consisted of 150 officers and enlisted men.<ref name=ck2/>

Agamenticus was powered by a pair of two-cylinder horizontal vibrating-lever steam engines,<ref name=s9/> each driving one four-bladed propeller about Template:Convert in diameter using steam generated by four Martin vertical water-tube boilers.<ref name=c6>Canney, p. 66</ref> The engines were rated at Template:Convert and gave the ship a top speed of Template:Convert.<ref name=ck2>Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 121</ref> She was designed to carry Template:Convert of coal.<ref name=c5>Canney, p. 65</ref>

Armament and armorEdit

Her main battery consisted of four smoothbore, muzzle-loading, Template:Convert Dahlgren guns mounted in two twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the single funnel.<ref name=s9/> Each gun weighed approximately Template:Convert. They could fire a Template:Convert shell up to a range of Template:Convert at an elevation of +7°.<ref>Olmstead, et al, p. 94</ref>

The sides of the hull of the Miantonomoh-class ships were protected by five layers of Template:Convert wrought-iron plates that tapered at their bottom edge down to total of Template:Convert, backed by Template:Convert of wood. The armor of the gun turret consisted of ten layers of one-inch plates and the pilot house had eight layers. The ship's deck was protected by armor Template:Convert thick.<ref name=c6/> The bases of the funnel and the ventilator were also protected by unknown thicknesses of armor.<ref name=ck2/>

Construction and careerEdit

File:Terror NH 92191.jpg
A bow view of the monitor circa 1872–1874 while laid up, showing the elevated pilot house and breakwater

Agamenticus was named after Mount Agamenticus in York County, Maine.<ref name=c5/> The monitor was laid down in 1862 at the Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine and launched on 19 March 1863.<ref name=te/> To speed her construction, her hull was built from green wood.<ref>Canney, p. 68</ref> While still building in early 1864, she was modified with the addition of a turret-roof-height "hurricane deck" that stretched between the two turrets and around the funnel and main ventilator to improve her navigational facilities.<ref name=te>Terror</ref> Agamenticus was commissioned on 5 May 1865 and was prepared to fight the Confederate ironclad CSS Stonewall that was at sea somewhere in the Atlantic Ocean at that time. Stonewall went elsewhere<ref name=c4/> and the monitor operated off the northeastern coast of the United States until she was decommissioned at the Boston Navy Yard on 30 September. Agamenticus remained laid up for nearly five years and was renamed Terror on 15 June 1869.<ref name=te/>

Before she was formally recommissioned on 27 May 1870, the ship was tasked in January to join a small group of ships under the command of Admiral David Farragut that escorted the British ironclad Template:HMS to Portland, Maine, as it ferried the body of the philanthropist George Peabody from London to his final resting place. Terror was assigned to the North Atlantic Fleet when she was reactivated. At that time it mostly operated in the Caribbean Sea, protecting American citizens and interests during the Ten Years' War in Spanish Cuba and unrest in the West Indies.<ref name=te/>

The monitor was relieved of her assignment at Key West, Florida, on 17 May 1872 and she was towed to the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Pennsylvania, by the tugboat Template:USS. Terror was again laid up on 10 June.<ref name=te/> Around this time the ship was fitted with an elevated wooden pilot house above the armored pilot house on the forward turret. Two years later, her wooden hull was rotting and she was sold for scrap.<ref name=c4/> Although Congress was informed by the Navy Department that the Civil War-era ship was being repaired, a new iron-hulled monitor of the same name was built with repair money and the proceeds of her sale because Congress refused to fund any new construction at this time.<ref name=ck2/>

CitationsEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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Template:Miantonomoh class monitor