Vallabhi
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Vallabhi (or Valabhi or Valabhipur) is an ancient city located in the Saurashtra peninsula of Gujarat, near Bhavnagar in western India. It is also known as Vallabhipura and was the capital of the Kingdom of Valabhi, an early medieval state ruled by the Suryavanshi Maitraka Dynasty.
HistoryEdit
Vallabhi was occupied as early as the Harappan period,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and was later part of the Maurya Empire from about 322 BCE until 185 BCE.
The Satavahana dynasty ruled the area, off and on, from the late second century BCE until the early third century CE. The Gupta Empire held the area from approximately 319 CE to 467 CE.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
The Great Council of Vallabhi, was held under Devardhigani Kshamashraman's guidance to preserve the remaining canonical texts of Jainism.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> there in 454 CE,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> during the decline of the Gupta Empire.
In the fifth century (CE), the first two Maitraka rulers, Bhatarka and Dharasena I, only used the title of Senapati (general). The third ruler, Dronasimha (Dronasena <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>), declared himself Maharaja (literally "Great King").<ref name="HRC">Roychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). Political History of Ancient India, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, pp.553-4</ref> King Guhasena came after him. Unlike his predecessors, the king stopped using the term Paramabhattaraka Padanudhyata alongside his name, a term that denotes nominal allegiance to the Gupta overlords. He was succeeded by his son Dharasena II, who used the title Mahadhiraja. The next ruler was his son, Siladitya-I Dharmaditya, who was described by the Chinese scholar and traveller Xuanzang as a "monarch of great administrative ability and of rare kindness and compassion". Siladitya I was succeeded by his younger brother Kharagraha I.<ref name="Mahajan">Mahajan V.D. (1960, reprint 2007). Ancient India, S.Chand & Company, New Delhi, Template:ISBN, pp.594-6</ref><ref name="Google Books 2014">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="The Times of India Mobile Site 2014">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
During the time of Kharagraha I, a copperplate grant was found from 616 CE that shows that his territories included Ujjain. During the reign of the next ruler, his son Dharasena III, north Gujarat was assimilated into the kingdom. Dharasena II was succeeded by another son of Kharagraha I, Dhruvasena II, Baladitya. He married the daughter of Harshavardhana and their son Dharasena IV assumed the imperial titles of Paramabhattaraka Mahrajadhiraja Parameshvara Chakravartin and Sanskrit poet Bhatti was his court poet. The next powerful ruler of this dynasty was Siladitya III. After him, Siladitya V ruled, and it is suspected that during his reign, there was an Arab Invasion. The last known ruler of the dynasty was Siladitya VII.<ref name="HRC"/><ref name="Mahajan"/>
The rule of the Maitrakas is believed to have ended during the second or third quarter of the eighth century when the Arabs invaded.<ref>History and Culture of Indian People, Classical age, p 150, (Ed) Dr A. D. Pusalkar, Dr R. C. Majumdar.</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
List of RulersEdit
- Senāpati Bhaṭārka (c. 470-c. 492)
- Senāpati Dharasena I (c. 493-c. 499)
- Drona Sen (title: Maharaja) (c. 500-c. 520)
- Dhruva Sen I (520-550 AD)
- Dhanapatta Sen (550-556 AD)
- Graha Sen (556-570 AD)
- Dhara Sen II (570-595 AD)
- Siladitya Sen I (Dharmaditya) (595-615 AD)
- Kharagraha I (615-626 AD)
- Dhara Sen III (AD 626-640)
- Dhruva Sen II (Baladitya) (640-644 AD)
- Chakravarti Raja Ghana Sen IV (Titles: Parambhattarak, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwar) (644-651 AD)
- Dhruva Sen III (651-655 AD)
- Khagraha Sen II (655-658 AD)
- Siladitya Sen II (658-685 AD)
- Siladitya Sen III (690-710 AD)
- Siladitya Sen IV (710-740 AD)
- Siladitya Sen V (740-762 AD)
- Siladitya Sen VI (Dhruvatta) (762-776 AD)
Valabhi inscriptionsEdit
Religious inscriptions are known from Valhabi, which were dedicated to the Brahmans as well as the Buddhist and Jains.<ref>"M. Sylvain Levi (Les donations religieuses des rois de Valhabi) analyse, d'après les documents de l'époque, les donations faites, du VI au VIII siècle de notre ère, par les souverains de ce petit royaume bindou ou plutôt rajpoute, en faveur des communautés brahmaniques, bouddbiques et jainas, avec un éclectisme que Tauteur rappelle n'être pas rare dans l'Inde préislamique." Template:Cite book</ref> The Indologist Sylvain Lévi wrote an article entitled "Les donations religieuses des rois de Valhabi".<ref name=SL>Template:Cite book</ref>
The numerals used in the Valhabi inscriptions and on their coins, dated to Template:Circa, are often mentioned as an intermediary step in the evolution of Hindu-Arabic numerals.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>