Voiced uvular plosive

The voiced uvular plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA, a small capital version of the Latin letter g, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is G\.

{{#invoke:IPA|main}} is a rare sound, even compared to other uvulars.Template:Sfnp Vaux proposes a phonological explanation: uvular consonants normally involve a neutral or a retracted tongue root, whereas voiced stops often involve an advanced tongue root: two articulations that cannot physically co-occur. This leads many languages of the world to have a voiced uvular fricative {{#invoke:IPA|main}} instead as the voiced counterpart of the voiceless uvular plosive. Examples are Inuit; several Turkic languages such as Uyghur; several Northwest Caucasian languages such as Abkhaz; as well as several Northeast Caucasian languages such as Ingush.

There is also the voiced pre-uvular plosive<ref>Instead of "pre-uvular", it can be called "advanced uvular", "fronted uvular", "post-velar", "retracted velar" or "backed velar". For simplicity, this article uses only the term "pre-uvular".</ref> in some languages, which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical uvular plosive, though not as front as the prototypical velar plosive. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, though it can be transcribed as Template:Angbr IPA (advanced Template:Angbr IPA), Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA (both symbols denote a retracted Template:Angbr IPA). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are G\_+ and g_-, respectively.

Features

Features of the voiced uvular stop:

Occurrence

Family	Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Semitic	Arabic	Sudanese	lang}}	main}}	'cow'	main}} in Standard Arabic. See Arabic phonology
		YemeniTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'Khat'	Some dialects.Template:Sfnp Corresponds to {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in Standard Arabic. See Arabic phonology
Germanic	English	AustralianTemplate:Sfnp	gaudy	main}}	'gaudy'	main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp See Australian English phonology
	Low German	Rügen dialect	lang}}	main}}	'long'
Yeniseian	KetTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'cave in the ground'	Allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} after {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp
Wakashan	Kwak'wala		lang}}	main}}	'thank you'
Semitic	Lishan Didan	Urmi Dialect	בקא‎/baqqa	main}}	'frog'	main}} when between a vowel/sonorant and a vowel.
Dravidian	Malto		lang}}	main}}	'to tell'	main}} after {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in Southern and Western dialects.
Mongolic	Mongolian		lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'Mongolian'	main}} before back vowels, phonemic word-finally.
Isolate	Nivkh		lang}}	main}}	'our dog'	main}}
Indo-Iranian	Persian	Iranian	lang}}	main}}	'coffee'	See Persian phonology.
Cushitic	Somali		lang}}	main}}	'Mogadishu'	main}}. See Somali phonology
Northeast Caucasian	Tabasaran		lang}}	main}}	'he' (ergative)
Na-Dene	Tlingit		lang}}	main}}	'hill'	main}}. See Tlingit phonology
Northeast Caucasian	Tsakhur		lang}}	main}}	'stone'
Turkic	Turkmen		lang}}	main}}	'snow'	An allophone of /ɡ/ next to back vowels
Qiangic	Xumi	LowerTemplate:Sfnp	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}		'to stew'	Slightly affricated; occurs only in a few words.Template:Sfnp Corresponds to the cluster {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in Upper Xumi.Template:Sfnp
Pama-Nyungan	YanyuwaTemplate:Sfnp		kuykurlu	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'sacred'	Pre-uvular.Template:Sfnp Contrasts plain and prenasalized versions

See also

• Index of phonetics articles

References

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External links

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