Vrhnika
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Vrhnika ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Template:Langx;<ref name="Leksikon">Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 120.</ref> Template:Langx) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Vrhnika. It is located on the Ljubljanica River, 21 km from Ljubljana along the A1 motorway.
GeographyEdit
Vrhnika lies at the southwest end of the Ljubljana Marsh near the sources of the Ljubljanica River, where the Ljubljana Basin opens up between the foot of Ljubljana Peak (Template:Langx, Template:Convert) and Ulovka Hill (Template:Convert). Močilnik Springs is located south of the settlement; together with nearby Retovje Springs, water flows mainly from the subterranean streams of the Unica to produce the Little Ljubljanica River ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) and Big Ljubljanica River ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), which in turn join to create the Ljubljanica River.<ref name="Savnik">Template:Cite book</ref> The territory of the town extends south onto the Logatec Plateau (Template:Langx), where the Big and Little Drnovica Collapse Sinkholes (Template:Langx) are found.<ref>Čepon, Barbara. 2010. Vrednotenje naravnih znamenitosti v Občini Vrhnika za turistično rabo. Bachelor's thesis. Ljubljana: Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za krajinsko arhitekturo, p. 25.</ref> Template:Clear left
NameEdit
The settlement at the location of today's Vrhnika was attested in antiquity as Nauportus in Latin, and as Ναύποντος and Νάμπορτος in Greek. Medieval attestations of the name include {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} in 1300, Oberlaybach in 1308 (and Ober Laybach in 1309), and Vernich in 1481, corresponding to the modern Slovene name. Historically, the town was known as Oberlaibach (literally, 'Upper Ljubljana') in standard German. The Slovene toponym is probably a compound of vrh 'top, summit' + nika or {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} 'creek, spring', referring to the source of the Ljubljanica River. The Latin name Nauportus is a compound of navis 'boat' + portus 'transfer', referring to a place where cargo had to be transferred from boats to pack animals or carts along a trade route. A mythological reinterpretation of the Latin name as referring to the portage of a boat itself (specifically, the Argo) appears in Pliny the Elder's Natural History.<ref>Snoj, Marko. 2009. Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen. Ljubljana: Modrijan and Založba ZRC, pp. 468–469.</ref> A depiction of the Argo also appears on the town's coat of arms.
HistoryEdit
In Roman times, Nauportus was an important communication point.<ref>Curk I. et al. (1993). In the footsteps of Roman soldiers in Slovenia. Ljubljana: Zavod Republike Slovenije za varstvo naravne in kulturne dediščine Slovenije. Template:COBISS</ref> Vrhnika as it exists today started to develop in the High Middle Ages.
Vrhnika became a market town and was among the wealthiest towns in Carniola<ref>Johann Weikhard von Valvasor: The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola, published 1689, translated extracts published 1984 by Mladinska knjiga, pp. 240, 241.</ref> up to the early 18th century, when it started to lose importance. Nevertheless, it remained one of main transportation junctions in Inner Austria because of its strategic location on the crossroads between the trade routes from Trieste to Vienna and from Rijeka to Klagenfurt.<ref name="Krajevni_leksikon">Orožen Adamič M., Perko D., Kladnik D. (1995). Krajevni leksikon Slovenije. Ljubljana: DZS. Template:ISBN Template:COBISS Template:In lang</ref> The development of the town was strongly impaired by the construction of the Austrian Southern Railway in the 1840s, which bypassed it. From then on, it started losing importance, becoming a satellite town of Ljubljana, which it has remained up to this day. Template:Historical populations Template:Clear left
Mass graveEdit
Vrhnika is the site of a mass grave from the period immediately after the Second World War. The Pikec Valley Mass Grave (Template:Langx) is located at the bottom of a sinkhole southwest of the town, on Sveč Hill near the Vojc house. It contains the remains of six German prisoners of war that were murdered in May 1945.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Dežman, Jože. 2009. Poročilo Komisije vlade Republike Slovenije za reševanje vprašanj prikritih grobišč: 2005-2008. Ljubljana: Družina, p. 1909.</ref> Template:Clear left
Notable peopleEdit
Notable people that were born or lived in Vrhnika include: Template:Colbegin
- Baltazar Baebler (1880–1936), chemist<ref name="Savnik"/><ref>Slovenski biografski leksikon: Baltazar Baebler.</ref>
- Template:Ill (1891–1953), hiking and tourism specialist<ref name="Savnik"/>
- Ivan Cankar (1876–1918), writer<ref name="Savnik"/>
- Template:Ill (1877–1953), journalist and editor<ref name="Savnik"/><ref>Slovenski biografski leksikon: Karel Cankar.</ref>
- Template:Ill (1906–1992), painter<ref name="Savnik"/>
- Template:Ill (1906–1985), writer<ref name="Savnik"/>
- Janko Grampovčan (1897–1974), economist<ref name="Savnik"/>
- Francis Jager (1869–1934), beekeeping and orchard expert<ref name="Savnik"/><ref>Slovenski biografski leksikon: Francis Jager.</ref>
- Template:Ill (1858–1927), merchant<ref name="Savnik"/><ref>Slovenski biografski leksikon: Gabrijel Viktor Jelovšek.</ref>
- France Kunstelj (1914–1945), author, playwright, and editor<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
- Template:Ill (1816–1890), sculptor<ref name="Savnik"/><ref>Slovenski biografski leksikon: Franc Lah.</ref>
- Andrej Lenarčič (1859–1936), agricultural specialist<ref name="Savnik"/><ref>Doma in po svetu. 1936. Trgovski list 19(139) (29 December): 4.</ref>
- Template:Ill (1856–1939), merchant<ref name="Savnik"/><ref>Slovenski biografski leksikon: Josip Lenarčič.</ref>
- Anton Maier (1859–1943), education specialist<ref name="Savnik"/><ref>Slovenski biografski leksikon: Anton Maier.</ref>
- Ignacij Mihevc (1870–1939), politician and journalist<ref name="Savnik"/><ref>Slovenski biografski leksikon: Ignacij Mihevc.</ref>
- Template:Ill (1924–2006), poet and writer<ref name="Savnik"/>
- Template:Ill (1851–1930), painter<ref name="Savnik"/><ref>Slovenski biografski leksikon: Simon Ogrin.</ref>
- Template:Ill (1921–2013), communist politician<ref name="Savnik"/>
- Radoslav Silvester (1841–1923), poet and composer<ref name="Savnik"/><ref>Slovenski biografski leksikon: Radoslav Silvester.</ref>
- Template:Ill (nom de guerre Fric; 1904–1944), People's Hero of Yugoslavia<ref name="Savnik"/>
- Jakob Voljč (1878–1900), poet and writer<ref name="Savnik"/><ref>Slovenski biografski leksikon: Jakob Voljč.</ref>