Walking with Dinosaurs
Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox television Walking with Dinosaurs is a 1999 six-part nature documentary television miniseries created by Tim Haines and produced by the BBC Science Unit, the Discovery Channel and BBC Worldwide, in association with TV Asahi, ProSieben and France 3. Envisioned as the first "Natural History of Dinosaurs", Walking with Dinosaurs depicts dinosaurs and other Mesozoic animals as living animals in the style of a traditional nature documentary. The series first aired on the BBC in the United Kingdom in 1999 with narration by Kenneth Branagh.<ref name="THR">Template:Cite news</ref> The series was subsequently aired in North America on the Discovery Channel in 2000, with Avery Brooks replacing Branagh.
Walking with Dinosaurs recreated extinct species through the combined use of computer-generated imagery and animatronics that were incorporated with live action footage shot at various locations, the techniques being inspired by the film Jurassic Park (1993). At a cost of £6.1 million ($9.9 million), Walking with Dinosaurs cost over £37,654 ($61,112) per minute to produce, making it the most expensive documentary series per minute ever made.<ref name=":3" /> The visual effects of the series were initially believed to be far too expensive to produce, but innovative techniques by the award-winning graphics company Framestore made it possible to bring down costs sufficiently to produce the three-hour series.
With 15 million people viewing the first airing of the first episode, Walking with Dinosaurs was by far the most watched science programme in British television during the 20th century.<ref name=":17" /> The series received critical acclaim and won numerous awards, including two BAFTA Awards, three Emmy Awards and a Peabody Award. Most scientists applauded Walking with Dinosaurs for its use of scientific research and for its portrayal of dinosaurs as animals and not movie monsters.<ref name=":9" /> Some scientific criticism was leveled at the narration not making clear what was speculation and what was not, and a handful of specific scientific errors.
The success of Walking with Dinosaurs spawned an entirely new genre of documentaries that similarly recreated past life with computer graphics and were made in the style of traditional nature documentaries. It also led to the creation of an entire media franchise of similar sequel documentary series, the Walking with... franchise produced by the BBC Studios Science Unit,<ref name=":19"/> which included Walking with Beasts (2001), Walking with Cavemen (2003), Sea Monsters (2003) and Walking with Monsters (2005). The series was accompanied by companion books and an innovative companion website. Additionally, Walking with Dinosaurs inspired the creation of exhibitions, the live theatrical show Walking with Dinosaurs − The Arena Spectacular, video games, and a 2013 film adaptation. Along with Jurassic Park, Walking with Dinosaurs is often cited as among the most influential media depictions of dinosaurs.
In 2024, the BBC and PBS announced that a new reinvention of Walking with Dinosaurs was in production. It began airing on BBC from 25 May 2025. It received generally negative reviews from critics and fans.<ref> https://metro.co.uk/2025/05/25/walking-dinosaurs-viewers-devastated-major-change-ruined-beloved-show-23244949/amp/</ref>
PremiseEdit
Envisioned as the first "Natural History of Dinosaurs" and a series that would provide viewers with "a window into a lost world",<ref name=":17">Template:Cite journal</ref> Walking with Dinosaurs explores life in the Mesozoic era, particularly dinosaurs, in the format of a traditional nature documentary.
ProductionEdit
Background and conceptEdit
Walking with Dinosaurs was the brainchild of Tim Haines, who came with the idea in 1996 while he was working as a science television producer at the BBC.<ref name=":0" /> Then-head of BBC Science Jana Bennett had at the time started a policy of encouraging producers to pitch possible future landmark series, with the goal of increasing the science output of the BBC and raising the bar of science programming. Bennett had mainly asked for suggestions for series on geology, medicine and natural history.<ref name=":13">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The idea for Walking with Dinosaurs was devised in the aftermath of the release of the film Jurassic Park in 1993, which had set a new benchmark for dinosaur entertainment.<ref name=":0" /> Initially, Haines idea revolved around a history of palaeontology with some reconstructions but this was deemed to not be ambitious enough, shortly thereafter he devised the idea of a dinosaur series made with the look and feel of a natural history programme.<ref name=":13" />
Haines suggested that the same techniques employed in the production of Jurassic Park could be used to create a series of nature documentary programmes. According to Haines, the aim of Walking with Dinosaurs was to "create an immersive experience that was both spectacular and informative".<ref name=":0" /> Haines investigated the costs that would be involved in the project.<ref name=":0" /> He first initially approached Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), the company responsible for creating the visual effects in Jurassic Park, which projected a cost of $10,000 per second of dinosaur footage, far too expensive for a television series.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite news</ref> Though Jurassic Park had only nine minutes of dinosaur footage, the series envisioned by Haines would require three hours. As a result, Haines initially changed his idea to the programme mainly consisting of footage of plants, insects and landscapes with dinosaurs appearing only occasionally.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13" />
The concept for the series changed back to frequent CGI creatures after Haines spoke with the UK-based graphics company Framestore.<ref name=":0" /> Framestore had previously won Emmy Awards for their work on films such as Alice in Wonderland (1999) and miniseries such as Gulliver's Travels (1996).<ref name=":4" /> The head of Framestore, Mike Milne, at first turned down the project owing to its projected cost but later accepted since he realised that he would later regret it if another company took it up.<ref name=":8">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Milne understood the concept of the programme and was able to bring down the cost of the animation considerably through flexibility and imagination.<ref name=":0" /> With Milne's assurance that making the programme would be possible, Haines pitched the idea to Bennett as a 6-episode series of 30-minute episodes and he called it Walking with Dinosaurs, at this time only intended to be a working title and deriving from Haines misremembering the title of the 1990 film Dances with Wolves.<ref name=":13" />
Pilot episode and fundingEdit
The BBC liked the concept of Walking with Dinosaurs but were nervous whether a series of its scale was actually achievable. After also pitching the idea to BBC Worldwide, Haines was granted £100,000 to produce a short pilot episode. In the spring of 1997, Haines, accompanied by a single cameraman, travelled to a national park near Paphos in Cyprus to shoot footage for the pilot. Milne then gathered a small team to produce models and animations.<ref name=":13" /> The resulting proof-of-concept pilot, finished by the summer of 1997, was six minutes long.<ref name=":0" /> The only consultant so far brought in for the project was the palaeontologist David Martill, who offered his services on the pilot for free if he could then stay on as a consultant should the pilot succeed and a series be made.<ref name=":8" />
The pilot episode was marine-themed,<ref name=":8" /> revolving around a beached giant pliosaur,<ref name=":13" /> and based on the fossils of the Jurassic Oxford Clay in England (a setting later used for the episode Cruel Sea), a setting suggested by Martill. After concerns that the marine episode might not have enough "superstar" animals, Martill suggested the inclusion of the theropod dinosaur Eustreptospondylus. One of the major differences between the pilot and the later series was that it included partial x-rays of the inner workings of the animals so that they could be better explained. In the later series this was abandoned in favour of a more standard "natural history" aesthetic.<ref name=":8" /> In addition to the pilot, Framestore also produced stills and a shorter trailer with a group of plesiosaurs hunting fish to sell the idea of Walking with Dinosaurs.<ref name=":13" />
There was already considerable interest in the series by the time the pilot was shown owing to the trailer and stills produced by Framestore. Jana Bennett also championed the idea of the series to both Michael Jackson, controller of BBC One, and Mike Quattrone of the Discovery Channel.<ref name=":13" /> The pilot was then enough to persuade the BBC, BBC Worldwide, and the Discovery Channel to fund the production of Walking with Dinosaurs.<ref name=":0" /> Approximately third of the Walking with Dinosaurs budget came from BBC One, a third from the Discovery Channel, and a third from BBC Worldwide. There were also major investments from TV Asahi in Japan and ProSieben in Germany.<ref name=":13" />
Walking with Dinosaurs was considered a high-risk production due to being highly expensive and using "Hollywood technology" to educate rather than just entertain.<ref name=":6">Template:Cite book</ref> In total, Walking with Dinosaurs cost £6.1 million ($9.9 million) to make. It cost over £37,654 ($61,112) per minute to produce, making it the most expensive documentary series per minute ever made.<ref name=":3" /> It was during production billed as one of the most ambitious series ever produced.<ref name=":7">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Together with Haines, the series was also created by the acclaimed programme maker Susan Spindler, who had previously worked on the BBC series The Human Body.<ref name=":2" /> The team grew to encompass producer Jasper James (who produced and directed the third and fourth episodes and also directed the sixth; Haines handled the rest), production manager Alison Woolnough and executive producer John Lynch.<ref name=":13" />
Pre-production and filmingEdit
Template:Multiple image Haines spent two years speaking with scientists and reading both primary and secondary palaeontological sources to create the stories for Walking with Dinosaurs.<ref name=":11">Haines, T., 1999, "Walking with Dinosaurs": A Natural History, BBC Books, "Introduction"</ref> Though the goal was to make the programme feel as if it was just relaying natural events without intervention, as actual nature documentaries, Walking with Dinosaurs required Haines to plot out narratives and create storyboards.<ref name=":14">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Production of Walking with Dinosaurs took 18 months.<ref name=":10">Template:Cite journal</ref> It was essential to the vision of Walking with Dinosaurs that the age of the dinosaurs be represented as accurately as possible based on current scientific understanding. In addition to Haines's own research, the production team for the first six months devoted all their time to research and carefully chose particular moments during the Mesozoic that were most well-studied and well-understood by scientists<ref name=":0" /> and which would be representative of the era and showcase interesting animals.<ref name=":4" /> In addition to the producers doing their own research, over a hundred experts were consulted for every aspect of the series.<ref name=":7" />
Slowly, the production team focused in on animals about whom sufficient information was known to create larger narratives. As an example, Coelophysis was selected for New Blood (the first episode) because it was a typical early dinosaur which scientists knew a lot about. Since the series also aimed to showcase the environment and other animals around the "star" dinosaurs, Coelophysis also presented an opportunity since it had been found at Ghost Ranch, New Mexico, one of the world's richest fossil beds.<ref name=":11" /> The behaviour of the animals depicted was primarily based on fossil evidence when possible (such as bite marks and fossil gut contents) and on behaviours in modern animals. Sometimes, behaviour was just reasoned guesses. For instance, the small pterosaur Anurognathus is shown in Time of the Titans (the second episode) to use the massive sauropod Diplodocus as a feeding platform to hunt insects. This was based on certain modern birds; there is no evidence of such behaviour in pterosaurs and it would be difficult to prove with fossil evidence.<ref name=":11" />
In the summer of 1997 and in the winter of 1998, Haines and fellow producer Jasper James took a small crew<ref name=":0" /> of eight people<ref name=":12">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to travel around the world to places where ancient plant life reminiscent of plants during the Mesozoic still existed; locations that could be used as backdrops for the series. Of particular importance was an absence of grass, which at the time was believed to not have existed during the Mesozoic. Filming took several weeks and locations included the Labyrinth in Tasmania, the beech gap in the South Island, the redwood forests of California, the araucaria forests in New Caledonia and southern Chile<ref name=":0" /> and the Bahamas.<ref name=":4" /> Shooting at a single location usually lasted for about four weeks.<ref name=":12" /> New Caledonia was particularly difficult to shoot in since the French Army were doing exercises there simultaneously and the film crew kept bumping into soldiers and tanks.<ref name=":12" />
Special effectsEdit
Computer graphicsEdit
Mike Milne and Framestore, consisting of fifteen designers,<ref name=":4" /> began working on animating the dinosaurs at the same time as Haines and James were shooting footage for the series. Production of several hours of high quality photoreal animation had never been done before, not even for feature films.<ref name=":0" /> The process of making the computer models began with creating clay maquettes, highly detailed small-scale physical models. Several palaeontologists were consulted during the process of making the maquettes.<ref name=":4" /> In addition to David Martill, the consultants of Walking with Dinosaurs included, among others, Kent Stevens, Thomas R. Holtz, David Norman, David Unwin, Ken Carpenter, Jo Wright and Michael J. Benton.<ref name=":9">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> At times, details changed during production. For instance, the sauropod necks of Walking with Dinosaurs were at first fully erect before being altered on the advice of the sauropod neck expert Kent Stevens.<ref name=":8" /> In September 1998, Milne held a talk at the 46th Symposium on Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy (SVPCA) at the University of Bournemouth, showcasing early renderings from the pilot and the series and gathering feedback from the palaeontologists in attendance.<ref name=":8" />
After the maquettes were completed, Framestore scanned them into their computers using both a high resolution laser and a set of software tools developed together with Soho-CyberScan specifically for Walking with Dinosaurs. The models were then imported into Softimage 3D, where they could be digitally manipulated and animated.<ref name=":4" /> The animations were made by hand one frame at a time, an extremely time-consuming process, since it quickly became evident that any other method would have resulted in unconvincing animation. Since no one had ever seen a moving non-avian dinosaur, the animators based their animations on both footage of living animals, particularly elephants, and on information provided by palaeontologists. Palaeontologists provided information on the dynamics of dinosaur muscles, tendons and joints. In numerous cases, the animals in Walking with Dinosaurs had never before been animated with this level of scientific rigour. Many movements, such as the movement of pterosaurs on the ground, were educated guesses made based on scientific advice.<ref name=":4" />
The textures for the models were created through a process of science-based guessing, deriving from the inferred life behaviour of the animals, their diet and their size (larger animals in real life tend to have duller colours). The digital artist Daren Horley was responsible for creating the textures and patterns of the animals and was during production sent actual fossil examples of dinosaur skin impressions. Despite the fossils available, Horley found that there had to in some cases be some informed compromise between strict accuracy and what looked best on screen; the scales of some species were too small to be visible on television screens.<ref name=":4" />
The CGI shots were rendered by Framestore using eight twin-processor NT boxes, at times augmented with the SGI workstations (single R10K processors) of the animators.<ref name=":4" /> The computer effects for the first episode took around a year to make, though the process could be significantly sped up afterwards; the five other episodes together took only six months.<ref name=":0" /> Initially, Framestore produced 24 different computer-generated animals, but as the concept of the series grew they had made 40 different species by the end of production.<ref name=":4" /> Compositing (adding the CGI together with the live footage) was done using five Quantel Henrys and five Discreet Logic Infernos.<ref name=":4" />
AnimatronicsEdit
Though most of the animal shots in Walking with Dinosaurs are CGI, the series also made extensive use of animatronics and puppets.<ref name=":4" /> Haines explained in behind-the-scenes material that animatronics, despite advances in CGI, still played an important role, particularly in close-up shots; "The computer can fool the eye making a dinosaur run through a puddle and splashing but if you want a close-up of him dipping his nose into water and moving it back and forth, a computer-generated nose wouldn't look right."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The animatronics and puppets of Walking with Dinosaurs were made by the special effects company Crawley Creatures.<ref name=":9" /> Over 80 animatronic models were made for the series,<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":12" /> mostly for close-ups of heads or other body parts. In some cases full body versions were made, mostly for corpses but also for some animals, such as Ophthalmosaurus.<ref name=":4" /> The greatest challenge for the artist at Crawley Creatures was working against time, since they only had six weeks between location shoots to put together animatronics and puppets for the next episode. The most challenging animal to model was the large pterosaur Ornithocheirus, which had to be able to work in different positions for the purposes of the series and had to be extremely light-weight for purposes of transportation.<ref name=":12" />
After filming, several of the models used in Walking with Dinosaurs, including those of Ophthalmosaurus, Ornithocheirus and Koolasuchus, were given to David Martill and then used by him for educational purposes at the University of Portsmouth. The Ophthalmosaurus model, having been dragged through water, had to be repaired and repainted and is today displayed for the public; the Ornithocheirus and Koolasuchus models were later sold. Numerous models also made their way to the Oxford University Museum of Natural History due to an association between Crawley Creatures and the museum.<ref name=":9" />
MusicEdit
Ben Bartlett composed the score for Walking with Dinosaurs. Bartlett was then working with the BBC, having produced some station ident themes for BBC Radio 3. Bartlett was encouraged to accept the duties of composing the series' music at the behest of Haines and James. Bartlett wrote different leitmotifs in separate styles for each episode, citing the different themes and settings presented in each episode as inspiration, elaborating, "I tried to create a different sound world for each episode of Walking With Dinosaurs. That was easy, as they all had different moods. The first episode is all about heat and bloodlust, parched deserts and so on, while the second one was pastoral, peaceful, and beautiful, about dinosaurs living in symbiosis with the forests. And so on." The process of creating the score was that Bartlett would first watch the unscored episodes together with the directors, discussing with them possible music, and then write the music and produce a sample for approval. At times, this was difficult since the production of the computer graphics fell behind and some scenes were not finished in time for the recording sessions.<ref name=":14" />
The recording process took place at Angel Recording Studios in Islington, with four sessions scattered over the early months of 1999. The score was recorded by the BBC Concert Orchestra. During these sessions, Bartlett admitted to being enriched with experience by the task, stating, "It was the biggest orchestral endeavour I've ever undertaken, and I learnt so much from the first session. Practical things, like handing out the parts to the players before the session, numbering pages... tiny logistical things that can really screw up a session." The BBC were early on impressed with the soundtrack and requested Bartlett and the orchestra to also produce tracks for a CD of the soundtrack.<ref name=":14" /> The soundtrack was rereleased as a digital version for the 25th anniversary of the series, with three additional tracks covering material composed for The Ballad of Big Al.<ref name="25thAnniversarySoundtrack">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
EpisodesEdit
Walking with Dinosaurs (1999)Edit
BBC One aired the series weekly on Monday nights, with regular repeats the following Sunday. In 2010, the series was repeated on BBC Three in omnibus format, as three hour-long episodes.<ref>Walking With Dinosaurs - Compilations - Episode 1 BBC Retrieved 19 September 2018.</ref>Template:Episode table
Specials (2000–2003)Edit
Three special episodes of Walking with Dinosaurs have been produced since the end of the original series. The first special was The Ballad of Big Al (2000), which closely followed the format of the original series but mostly focused on a single individual animal, an Allosaurus specimen nicknamed "Big Al".<ref name="BBC One" /> In response to complaints from scientists that many details in the original series seemed speculative, The Ballad of Big Al explained virtually every decision in detail and how it was based on fossil evidence.<ref name=":10" /> The two succeeding specials, The Giant Claw (2002) and Land of Giants (2003),Template:Efn starred wildlife presenter Nigel Marven as a "time-travelling zoologist", travelling back in time and interacting with various dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals.<ref name="BBC One">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Efn
ReceptionEdit
Walking with Dinosaurs was broadcast to record audiences<ref name=":6" /> and is sometimes considered the biggest science documentary series ever created.<ref name=":10" /> With 15 million viewers viewing the first episode on 4 October 1999 and another 3.91 million viewing it on its repeat the Sunday afterwards, Walking with Dinosaurs is by far the most watched science programme in British television history.<ref name=":17" /> By late 2000, 200 million people worldwide had seen the Walking with Dinosaurs.<ref name=":10" /> By 2005 the number had increased to almost 400 million<ref name=":6" /> and by 2009 it was around 700 million;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> unprecedented numbers for a palaeontology programme.<ref name=":10" /> In the BFI TV 100, a list compiled by the British Film Institute in 2000 of the greatest British TV programmes of all time and of any genre, Walking with Dinosaurs was placed 72nd.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ReviewsEdit
Walking with Dinosaurs was released to critical acclaim. Most scientists applauded Walking with Dinosaurs for its use of scientific research and for its portrayal of dinosaurs as animals and not movie monsters.<ref name=":9" /> Some reviews were dismissive and contemptuous.<ref name=":17" /> Walking with Dinosaurs was praised in The Guardian, The Observer, The Independent and in The Independent on Sunday.<ref name=":17" /> Negative reviews were mostly founded on the series in some cases appearing to present speculation as fact. Nancy Banks-Smith in her review of Walking with Dinosaurs also worried that the success of the series would lead to the BBC exploiting its appeal to younger viewers and launching merchandise, writing that "I begin to think that the whole thing is geared to selling chocolate dinosaur eggs to five-year-olds".<ref name=":17" />
Online reviewers were largely positive. Common Sense Media praised the program, giving it five stars out of five and saying that, "Somebody had a great idea, which was to make a documentary series about dinosaurs, but with a twist. The ageing Ornithocheirus on a desperate final flight to his mating grounds, the sauropod hatchlings struggling for survival in the late Jurassic, the migrating herds and the undersea life of 150 million years ago would all seem as real as a nature program about polar bears or snow monkeys."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Walking with Dinosaurs was also praised by IGN, which referred to it as a fascinating documentary with excellent narratives, video quality and audio quality.<ref name=":18">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The score of Walking with Dinosaurs was praised in the music technology magazine Sound on Sound as "extraordinary", "strikingly cinematic" and "head and shoulders above previous efforts in the same genre".<ref name=":14" />
AwardsEdit
| List of awards and nominations<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Award | Category | Recipients and nominees | Result | |
| 28th Annie Awards | Technical Achievement in the Field of Animation | Template:Won | ||
| British Academy Television Awards 2000 | Outstanding Innovation | Template:Won | ||
| 2000 British Academy Television Craft Awards | Best Original Television Music | Ben Bartlett | Template:Won | |
| 52nd Primetime Emmy Awards | Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (One Hour or More) | Tim Haines, Jasper James, Georgann Kane, Tomi Bednar Landis, John Lynch, Mike Milne | Template:Won | |
| Outstanding Special Visual Effects | Tim Greenwood, Jez Harris, Daren Horley, Alec Knox, Virgil Manning, David Marsh, Mike McGee, Mike Milne, Carlos Rosas | Template:Won | ||
| Outstanding Music Composition for a Miniseries, Movie, or a Special | Ben Bartlett | Template:Nom | ||
| Outstanding Picture Editing in Non-Fiction Program | Britt Sjoerdsma, Andrew Wilks | Template:Nom | ||
| Outstanding Achievement in Non-Fiction Programming - Sound Mixing | Bob Jackson | Template:Nom | ||
| Outstanding Sound Editing in Non-Fiction Program | Simon Gotel, Andrew Sherriff | Template:Won | ||
| 6th National Television Awards | Most Popular Factual Programme | Template:Nom | ||
| 12th Golden Laurel Awards | David L. Wolper Award for Outstanding Producer of Long-Form Television (Best Original Television Music) | Template:Nom | ||
| Peabody Awards | Peabody Award | BBC, Discovery Channel, TV Asahi Co-production, ProSieben and France 3 | Template:Won | |
| RTS Television Awards | Team | Template:Won | ||
| RTS Craft & Design Awards | Design and Craft Innovation | Mike Milne, Jez Harris | Template:Won | |
| Best Visual Effects - Digital Effects | Framestore CFC | Template:Won | ||
| Best Picture Manipulation | Timothy Greenwood, Mike McGee | Template:Nom | ||
| TV Quick Awards | Best Factual Programme | Template:Won | ||
| 16th TCA Awards | Outstanding Achievement in News and Information | Template:Nom | ||
| TRIC Awards | Documentary Programme of the Year | Template:Won | ||
| 22nd Young Artist Awards | Best Educational TV Show or Series | Template:Won | ||
In other mediaEdit
BooksEdit
A companion book, Walking with Dinosaurs: A Natural History, was written by Tim Haines to accompany the first screening of the series in 1999. The settings of some of the six episodes were changed between the time the book was written and the screening of the television series, and some of their names were changed: New Blood is set at Ghost Ranch, and Cruel Sea is set at or near Solnhofen in Germany near what then were the Vindelicisch Islands. The book elaborated on the background for each story, went further in explaining the science on which much of the program is based, and included descriptions of several animals not identified or featured in the series.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> A Natural History received a positive review in the book review magazine Publishers Weekly, where it was called "magnificent" and "marvelously illustrated".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
A companion volume to the first book, Walking with Dinosaurs: The Evidence, by David Martill and Darren Naish was published in 2000. It went into more detail about the research and suppositions that went into making the series. Michael J. Benton also wrote an accompanying book on the science of the series, titled Walking with Dinosaurs: The Facts.<ref name=":10" /> In addition to these larger volumes, there were also numerous children's books released to accompany Walking with Dinosaurs, including 3D albums, sticker albums, photo journals as well as shorter science books geared towards children.
ExhibitionEdit
The success of Walking with Dinosaurs resulted in the creation of both exhibits and travelling exhibitions. Only a few months after the series had aired, Walking with Dinosaurs: The Exhibition was put up in the summer of 2000 at the Yorkshire Museum in York, England. The exhibition featured an assortment of different animal exhibits, each having some connection to the series, including props, maquettes, newly made models and actual fossil material. Among the fossils on display was a skeleton of a Plateosaurus. Also included in the exhibition were a video and TV monitor playing The Making Of Walking with Dinosaurs. The opening of the exhibition was attended by consultants of the series, such as David Martill. The guest of honour was Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.<ref name=":9" />
Live theatrical showEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
In 2007,<ref name=":16">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Walking with Dinosaurs was adapted as the live stage show Walking with Dinosaurs − The Arena Spectacular by the Australian-based company The Creature Technology Company.<ref name=":15">Template:Cite news</ref> The production cost $20 million to stage and used puppetry, suits, and animatronics to create 16 Mesozoic era creatures representing 10 species.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Each large dinosaur weighed several tons, and was operated by two "voodoo puppeteers" and a driver beneath the dinosaur who also monitors the hydraulics and batteries.<ref name=":02">Template:Cite news</ref> The smaller dinosaurs were suits operated by the person in it, each weighing from 20–30 kg (44–66 lbs).<ref name=":02" /> After debuting in Sydney in 2007, The Arena Spectacular toured the world for twelve years; over 250 cities were visited and almost 10 million people in total watched the show live. The final show was held at the Taipei Arena in Taiwan on 22 December 2019.<ref name=":16" />
Film adaptationEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Released in 2013, Walking with Dinosaurs is a feature-length film about dinosaurs in the Late Cretaceous period Template:Nowrap years ago. The production features computer-animated dinosaurs in live-action settings with actors Justin Long, John Leguizamo, Tiya Sircar, and Skyler Stone providing voiceovers for the main characters. It was directed by Neil Nightingale and Barry Cook from a screenplay by John Collee.
The film was produced by BBC Earth and Evergreen Films and was named after the original BBC miniseries. The film, with a budget of Template:Nowrap, was one of the largest independent productions to date; it was financed by Reliance Entertainment and IM Global, with 20th Century Fox handling distribution.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The crew filmed footage on location in the U.S. state of Alaska and in New Zealand, which were chosen for their similarities to the dinosaurs' surroundings millions of years ago, and on locations in Humboldt County, California.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Animal Logic designed computer-animated dinosaurs and added them to the live-action backdrop. Though the film was originally going to have a narrator like in the miniseries, Fox executives wanted to add voiceovers to connect audiences to the characters.
Walking with Dinosaurs premiered on Template:Nowrap 2013 at the Dubai International Film Festival. It was released in cinemas in 2D and 3D on Template:Nowrap 2013. Critical reception was largely negative, with praise towards film's visual effects but criticism for its story and voice acting. The film grossed Template:Nowrap in the United States and Canada and Template:Nowrap in other territories for a worldwide total of Template:Nowrap. The Hollywood Reporter said the film's global box office performance was disappointing in context of the production budget and marketing spend.
In 2014, the film was rereleased in theatres and museums under the title Walking with Dinosaurs: Prehistoric Planet 3D.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This version shortens the running time to 45 minutes and replaces the voiceovers with narration provided by Benedict Cumberbatch. Compared to its predecessor, this version received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Video gamesEdit
Dinosaur World is a freeware video game developed by Asylum Entertainment and published by the BBC Imagineering in June 2001. It is a spin-off of Episode 2 of Walking with Dinosaurs ("Time of the Titans") and the special The Ballad of Big Al. The main point of the game is to find all the animals and plants, including several location features, that are distributed in five different zones. The game was available on the BBC website as an alpha, as it was never fully developed.Template:Citation needed
In 2013, an augmented reality video game, titled simply Walking with Dinosaurs, was developed by Supermassive Games in collaboration with the BBC, as part of the resurgence of Walking with Dinosaurs, accompanying the release of the 2013 film adaptation. It was released in Europe on 13 November 2013, and in North America on 12 November 2013, alongside Diggs Nightcrawler and Book of Potions.<ref name="joystiq">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
WebsiteEdit
To accompany Walking with Dinosaurs, the BBC launched a website filled with both palaeontological information, behind-the-scenes information on the series,<ref name=":18" /> games and puzzles, glossaries, and a section where visitors could ask questions and make comments.<ref name=":17" /> The creation of a companion website, which went online in September 1999, was considered innovative for the time. Before the release of the series, the website included a trailer, still a new concept for a website in 1999. The website was updated weekly as new episodes were released, eventually becoming a large resource with educational material.<ref name=":17" />
Legacy and influenceEdit
Scientific responseEdit
Scientists largely applauded Walking with Dinosaurs,<ref name=":9" /> some going so far as heralding it as the "most credibly accurate depiction of dinosaur life ever produced."<ref name=":4" /> Despite some complaints of scientific inaccuracies, the series was seen, and continues to be remembered, as mostly a "force for good", showing both the possibility of producing documentaries of its scale and for portraying dinosaurs and other Mesozoic animals as animals and not movie monsters.<ref name=":9" /> Michael J. Benton, who worked as a consultant on the series, praised Walking with Dinosaurs as a progression in both reconstructions of prehistoric life and in the promotion of the public understanding of science; Benton in a 2001 article referred to the series as not just a documentary but also a "powerful piece of palaeobiological research", showing to the public what the "best minds in palaeobiology have been able to achieve."<ref name=":10" /> Numerous scientific journal articles have been written on Walking with Dinosaurs and the phenomenon it created.<ref name=":17" /><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=":19">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Scientific errorsEdit
Although the academic response to Walking with Dinosaurs was largely positive, the series was criticised by some palaeontologists for its speculative storylines and the boldness of some of its claims, noting that some aspects presented as fact were very much speculative and possible to be challenged in the future.<ref name=":9" /> In the companion book of the series, Haines admitted that speculating about dinosaur behaviour in of itself is unscientific since the theories cannot be tested, but maintained that it "seems well worth trying to find out more about how [the dinosaurs] may have lived", using both science and reasoned speculation.<ref name=":11" /> A handful of decisions and sequences in the series came under particular palaeontological criticism.<ref name=":9" /> Several supposed errors identified in the first weeks after the series aired fizzled out after a while, as critics found points about which they disagreed with one another and were unable to definitively prove their views.<ref name=":10" /> Most of the errors or otherwise questionable decisions of Walking with Dinosaurs were not the fault of the production team since they worked based on the advice of their consultants.<ref name=":9" />
New Blood shows a male Postosuchus urinating to mark a female's territory as his own after she is driven away from it. A number of critics pointed out that birds and crocodiles, the closest living relatives of the dinosaurs, do not urinate; they shed waste chemicals as more solid uric acid. However, Michael J. Benton, a consultant of the series, noted that nobody could prove that this was a real mistake: copious urination is the primitive state for tetrapods (seen in fish, amphibians, turtles, and mammals), and perhaps basal archosaurs did the same.<ref name=":10" /> New Blood also depicts Plateosaurus as a quadruped, but more recent studies suggest that it was an obligate biped due to its inability to pronate its manus.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Diplodocus was reconstructed with mostly horizontal necks in Walking with Dinosaurs, an idea consistent with what was thought of their biology at the time, and thus pushed by the palaeontological consultants of the series, but challenged by new research in 2009.<ref name=":9" />
The pterosaur identified as Ornithocheirus in Giant of the Skies was actually based on fossils of the pterosaur Tropeognathus, the two having been considered synonyms by David Unwin, one of the consulting palaeontologists.<ref name=":9" /> Additionally, it is depicted as far larger than it actually was. In the companion book, it was claimed that several large bone fragments from the Romualdo Formation of Brazil possibly indicate that Ornithocheirus may have had a wingspan reaching almost 12 metres and a weight of a hundred kilograms, making it one of the largest known pterosaurs.<ref>Haines, T., 1999, "Walking with Dinosaurs": A Natural History, BBC Books, p. 158</ref> However, the largest definite Tropeognathus specimens described at the time measured Template:Convert, in terms of wingspan.<ref name="wellnhofferencyclo">Wellnhofer, P. (1991). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Pterosaurs. New York: Barnes and Noble Books. pp. 124. Template:ISBN.</ref> The specimens which the producers of the program used to justify such a large size estimate were described in 2012 (with the designation MN 6594-V) and were under study by Dave Martill and David Unwin at the time of the production of the series. The final description of the remains found a maximum estimated wingspan of Template:Convert for this large specimen.<ref name="kellneretal2013">Template:Cite journal</ref> Unwin stated that he did not believe the higher estimate used by the BBC was likely, and that the producers likely chose the highest possible estimate because it was more "spectacular."<ref name="dmlbrdeow2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Another famously "super-sized" animal in Walking with Dinosaurs is the pliosaur Liopleurodon, described as reaching lengths of 25 metres in the series (but in reality probably only reaching 6.4 metres); the extreme size was based on fragmentary specimens, and the estimate was at the time justifiable extrapolation provided by some of the consultants, who pushed it as scientifically supported.<ref name=":9" />
Television and popular cultureEdit
Walking with Dinosaurs was recognised by several commentators as marking a watershed in television imagery<ref name=":7" /> and a scientifically and technologically significant benchmark in television history.<ref name=":4" /> Walking with Dinosaurs is often credited for inspiring modern interest in the distant geological past.<ref name=":8" /> Scientific papers have credited Jurassic Park and Walking with Dinosaurs as the two major productions inspiring increasing public interest in dinosaurs and other Mesozoic life in the 1990s and 2000s.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The success of Walking with Dinosaurs led to the inception of an entirely new genre of documentaries that like Walking with Dinosaurs also recreated past life with computer graphics and were envisioned in the style of nature documentaries.<ref name=":19" />
Sequel seriesEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}The success of Walking with Dinosaurs led to the creation of an entire nature documentary media franchise on prehistoric life, commonly referred to as the Walking with... series. The first sequel series to Walking with Dinosaurs was Walking with Beasts (2001), made by largely the same production team (now organised as the production company Impossible Pictures) and focusing on life in the Cenozoic, after the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs.<ref>Template:Cite video</ref><ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Next was Walking with Cavemen (2003), which was created without Haines and Impossible Pictures and focused on human evolution.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The last series to be made was Walking with Monsters (2005), once again involving much of the original team and focused on life in the Paleozoic, before the time of the dinosaurs. During the production of Walking with Monsters, the production team considered the series to complete the "Trilogy of Life", previously began with Dinosaurs and continued with Beasts.<ref name=":5">Walking with Monsters DVD - Trilogy of Life featurette</ref>
The success of the two special episodes The Giant Claw and Land of Giants led to the creation of the three-part miniseries Sea Monsters (2003), once again starring Marven travelling back to prehistoric times, this time exploring the "seven deadliest seas of all time".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
2025 revivalEdit
Template:Split section On 4 June 2024, it was announced that a 2025 revival of the series, also called Walking with Dinosaurs, was under production by BBC, along with PBS, ZDF and France Télévisions.<ref name=":20">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The revival is a six-episode series; each 50-minute episode focuses on a current paleontological excavation and a dramatized story involving the dinosaurs recovered from each site. Spinosaurus, Triceratops, Tyrannosaurus, and Lusotitan are mentioned by name as particular dinosaurs of emphasis.<ref name=":20" /> Promotional images were revealed for the new series on 22 January 2025, revealing that Pachyrhinosaurus and Albertosaurus would feature as well.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
A trailer was released on 10 April 2025.<ref name=":21">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> The new series is narrated by Bertie Carvel, with Andrew Cohen and Helen Thomas as executive producers, Kirsty Wilson as showrunner, and Stephen Cooter, Tom Hewitson, and Owen Gower as producer/directors.<ref name=":21" /> In the UK, BBC One began airing the series on 25 May 2025, with the remaining episodes streamed on BBC iPlayer on the same day.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the United States, PBS will air the series as a three-day event starting 16 June 2025.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
EpisodesEdit
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- [https://www.imdb.com/{{#if: 0214382
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- Walking With Dinosaurs at ABC TV
- Walking With Dinosaurs: The Origins
- Walking with Dinosaurs at BBC Earth
- Template:BBC programme
- Prehistoric Life at BBC Science and Nature
- Walking with Dinosaurs: The Arena Spectacular
- Walking with Dinosaurs/Walking with Beasts vinyl soundtrack at Overtone Music
Template:Walking with Template:EmmyAward AnimationLessThanHour 2001–2025 Template:Impossible Pictures Template:Portal bar