Ward Hunt

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}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }} Ward Hunt (June 14, 1810 – March 24, 1886) was an American jurist and politician. He was Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals from 1868 to 1869, and an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1872 to 1882.<ref name="JWHObit1886"/>

Early life, family and educationEdit

Hunt was the son of Montgomery James Hunt (d. 1871), long-time cashier of the Bank of Utica, and Elizabeth (née Stringham) Hunt.<ref name= "litchfieldhistoricalsociety">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ward attended the Oxford and Geneva Academies<ref name= "litchfieldhistoricalsociety"/> and was a classmate of Horatio Seymour. He attended Hamilton College in 1827, then transferred to Union College in 1828,<ref name= "litchfieldhistoricalsociety"/> where he was an early member of the Kappa Alpha Society.

After graduating with honors in 1828,<ref name= "litchfieldhistoricalsociety"/> he subsequently studied law with Judge James Gould at Litchfield Law School in Litchfield, Connecticut and with Hiram Denio in Utica, and was admitted to the bar in 1831.<ref name= "litchfieldhistoricalsociety"/><ref name= "supremecourthistory">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CareerEdit

Politician and attorneyEdit

Hunt was a Democratic member from Oneida County of the New York State Assembly in 1839, and he was Mayor of Utica in 1844.<ref name="Hough1858">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1848, he joined the Free Soil Party, and in 1855 he was among the founders of the New York Republican Party.<ref name="Hough1858"/>

Hunt remained in private practice until 1865 when he ran for a slot on the New York Court of Appeals.

New York Court of AppealsEdit

Hunt was elected in 1865 for an eight-year term on the New York Court of Appeals on the Republican ticket, acquiring the seat held by his former law teacher and partner Hiram Denio. Hunt became chief judge in 1868 after the sudden death of Chief Judge William B. Wright. In 1870, he was legislated out of office but was appointed one of the Commissioners of Appeals.<ref name="litchfieldhistoricalsociety"/>

US Supreme CourtEdit

Template:Disputed section Hunt was a friend and patron of political boss Roscoe Conkling, who was an associate of President Ulysses S. Grant. When Samuel Nelson retired from the Supreme Court, Conkling asked Grant to nominate Hunt for the vacancy. Hunt was nominated on December 3, 1872, confirmed by the US Senate on December 11,<ref name="1872Senate">Template:Cite news</ref> and was sworn into office on January 9, 1873.<ref name=SCOTUSjustices/><ref name="Lurie2004">Template:Cite book</ref>

Hunt had little impact on the court, siding with the majority in all but 22 cases in his ten years on the job and writing only four dissenting opinions.<ref name="Cushman2012"/> His most notable contribution came while riding circuit in New York, where he presided over United States v. Anthony. Citing the 14th Amendment, Susan B. Anthony argued that she was constitutionally guaranteed the right to vote and had not broken the law when she voted in the 1872 election.<ref name="Cushman2012"/> Justice Hunt refused to allow Anthony to testify on her own behalf, allowed statements given by her at the time of her arrest to be allowed as "testimony," explicitly ordered the jury to return a guilty verdict, refused to poll the jury afterwards, and read an opinion he had written before the trial even started. Hunt found that Anthony had indeed broken the law and fined Anthony $100 (which she refused to pay).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1878, Hunt suffered a severe paralyzing stroke which prevented him from attending court sessions or rendering opinions. However, he refused to retire, because at the time in order to retire with a full pension, a person had to put in at least ten years of government service and be at least 70 years old.<ref name="Cushman2012"/> To encourage him to retire, Congress passed a special provision under which he could receive a pension if he would retire within 30 days.<ref name="britannica">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Hunt did so on January 27, 1882, and enjoyed his pension until his death in Washington, D.C., four years later.<ref name="Cushman2012">Template:Cite book</ref>

Personal lifeEdit

On November 8, 1837, Hunt married Mary Ann Savage (1819–1846),<ref name="MASHLitch">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the daughter of U.S. Representative and chief justice of the New York Supreme Court John Savage, and great-niece of Congressman Samuel Lyman. They had three children,<ref name="JWHObit1886"/> one of whom died in early manhood.<ref name="Cushman2012"/> Together they were the parents of:<ref name="DAR1900">Template:Cite book</ref>

Elizabeth Stringham "Eliza" Hunt (1838–1905), who married Arthur Breese Johnson (1829–1883).<ref name="DAR1900"/> Johnson was the great-grandson of Second US President John Adams and great-nephew of sixth President John Quincy Adams. They had six children:
- Ward Hunt Johnson (1864–1937); named after Ward himself
- Mary Savage Johnson (1866–1951); named after Ward's first wife
- Laura Savage Johnson (1870–1933)
- Montgomery Hunt Johnson (1872–1952); named after Ward's father
- Louise Eliza Johnson (1873–1875)
- Leon Arthur Johnson (1877–1909)
John Savage Hunt (1839–1864), who was named after Mary's father; served as a first lieutenant in the United States Civil War and died after drowning in the James River in Virginia.
Ward Hunt, Jr. (1843–1901), who married Grace Annette Taylor (1844-1928)
- John Savage Hunt (1866–1911); named after his uncle<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

After his wife's death, he remained a widower for eight years until June 18, 1853, when he married Maria Taylor (1827-1912), the daughter of James Taylor, the former Cashier of the Commercial Bank of Albany.<ref name="JWHObit1886"/>

Hunt died on March 24, 1886, in Washington, D.C.<ref name="JWHObit1886">Template:Cite news</ref> He was buried at the Forest Hill Cemetery in Utica.