Zaraysk

Template:Short description Template:Citation style Template:Expand Russian Template:Infobox Russian inhabited locality Zaraysk (Template:Langx) is a town and the administrative center of Zaraysky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located about Template:Convert southeast from Moscow.

Geography

The town stands on the right bank of the Osyotr River, which is a right confluent of the Oka.

History

In the Middle Ages, the town belonged to the Princes of Ryazan and was known as Krasnoye (13th century) and Novogorodok-upon-the-Osyotr (14th and 15th centuries). From 1528 onwards, the town was called "the town of Nikola Zarazsky" and only by the beginning of 17th century it received its present name of Zaraysk. Before the 20th century, the town was a part of Ryazan Governorate and its architecture and vernacular dialect seem closer to Ryazan than to Moscow.<ref>See ru:Рязанская группа говоров for details.</ref>

In the Grand Duchy of Moscow, Zaraysk was one of the fortresses forming a part of the Great Abatis Border, a fortified line of felled trees, barricades, fortresses, ditches, which were built by Russians as a protection against the hordes of the Crimean and Kazan Tatars. In 1531, a stone kremlin was built in place of the former wooden citadel. The Tatars failed to take the fortress during their raids in 1533, 1541, and 1570. It was briefly captured by the Lisowczycy during the Time of Troubles.

The brick-and-limestone kremlin in Zaraysk still stands and is kept in a rather good condition. The citadel is very small and has a rectangular shape, with only six towers, two of which are pierced by the gates.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Zaraysk serves as the administrative center of Zaraysky District.<ref name="MoscowO_admlist">Resolution #123-PG</ref> As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Zaraysky District as the Town of Zaraysk.<ref name="MoscowO_admlist" /> As a municipal division, the Town of Zaraysk is incorporated within Zaraysky Municipal District as Zaraysk Urban Settlement.<ref name="MoscowOZarayskyD_mun">Law #63/2005-OZ</ref>

Economy

Zaraysk is an industrial center of the district, with printing, building materials, foodstuff, and footwear industries.

Transport

There is a bus line from Moscow; the journey time is 2:30 at 2024.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Zaraysk has a freight railway branch from Lukhovitsy to Zaraysk.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was built almost immediately after the construction of the main line through Lukhovitsy, in 1870. Passenger service was closed in 1969. In the 2020s, the line still used for occasional freight trains.Template:Citationneeded

Sights

The main tourist attraction is a traditional Russian citadel known as the Zaraysk Kremlin. There are five churches in Zaraysk, the oldest of which is St. Nicholas Cathedral, consecrated in 1681. The downtown also has a traditional covered market, or Gostiny Dvor.

Archaeology

Near the Kremlin wall is an Upper Paleolithic site associated with the Gravettian culture. It first attracted attention when a bison figurine dated 22000 BP was found there.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> By 2008, many other artefacts were found, including:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

1. A mammoth's rib with drawings on them which are thought to be the images of three mammoths.
2. A small bone having an ornament of X-shaped patterns on it.
3. Two figurines of humans, presumably of women.
4. A piece with a conical shape made of a mammoth's bone. The upper part of the cone has been cut, it has a hole in the centre and many patterns. The purpose of this object is not known.

Sister cities

• Template:Flagicon Popovo, Bulgaria
• Template:Flagicon Arzamas, Russia

References

Sources

• Template:RussiaAdmMunRef
• Template:RussiaAdmMunRef

Further reading

• Template:In lang Зарайск. Материалы для истории города XVI-XVIII столетий (Zaraysk. Materials for the History of the 16th-18th centuries (1888)). Available at Runivers.ru in DjVu and PDF formats.

External links

• Template:In lang Unofficial website of Zaraysk
• Small Towns of Russia. Zaraysk.
• Template:In lang Photos of Zaraysk
• Pictures of Zaraysk in 1995
• Russia Beyond the Headlines. Zaraysk, the "Grandfather City"