Zoutkamp

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Zoutkamp ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Template:Langx {{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is a village in the municipality Het Hogeland which is part of the province Groningen in the Netherlands. The village started as a sconce. During the Dutch Revolt, it was the site of the Battle of Zoutkamp. Later it became a fishing village. The harbour was moved to Lauwersoog in 1969 as a result of the closure of the Lauwersmeer, and is nowadays used for recreational purposes. The economy of the village mainly depends on fishing.

History

Zoutkamp was first mentioned in documents in 1418 as Soltcampum.<ref>Eldest document of 1418 where Soltcampum is mentioned; zoutkamp.net</ref> Its first inhabitants might have been soldiers. Its name refers to salt and field, which probably means that it was a place for salt production.<ref name="hist">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

During the Dutch Revolt, the city of Groningen sided with Spain.<ref name="revolt">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Most of the Ommelanden (country side) and the province of Friesland opted for the Dutch Republic. In 1576, a sconce was built at Zoutkamp by the Spanish. In 1589, the sconce was conquered in the Template:Ill by the Dutch Republic under the command of William Louis of Nassau.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 22 July 1594, after the Siege of Groningen, Groningen was forced to side with Dutch Republic.<ref name="revolt"/>

During the 17th and 18th century, fishers settled in Zoutkamp.<ref name="monument">Template:Cite book</ref> By 1756, Zoutkamp consisted of 25 houses.<ref name="hist"/> In 1828, a harbour was constructed, and the church was built in 1836.<ref name="monument"/> In 1840, the population had increased to 720 people.<ref name="plaats">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1882, the fortification was demolished and the military function of Zoutkamp ceased.<ref name="monument"/> During World War II, between 80 and 100 soldiers of the Kriegsmarine were stationed near Zoutkamp, however the village saw little action.<ref name="hist"/>

Lauwersmeer

In the 1950s, there were calls to close the Lauwerszee, the bay near which Zoutkamp was located.<ref name="hist"/> As part of the Zuiderzee Works, it was decided to build a dike between Friesland and Groningen, and turn the bay into Lauwersmeer. In 1969, the dike was completed, and a harbour was constructed at Lauwersoog.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The province of Groningen intended to use the harbour for recreational purposes only, because they were constructing the Eemshaven, as a new main harbour. Zoutkamp and the province of Friesland desired a commercial harbour. In January 1970, the conflict was brought to the States General of the Netherlands.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Lauwersoog became a successful fishing harbour, however the fishers of Zoutkamp still use the registration "ZK" instead of "LO" to indicate their place of origin.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The harbour of Zoutkamp is nowadays for recreational boats only.<ref name="hist"/> The ferry to Schiermonnikoog which used to depart from Zoutkamp and Oostmahorn was moved to Lauwersoog.<ref name="hist"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Recent history

Until 2008, Zoutkamp was the site of a ground station of the Dutch Nationale SIGINT Organisatie (National Signals Intelligence Service), which intercepted satellite communications much like the U.S. National Security Agency.

The economy of Zoutkamp is still based on fishing and the village is not subject to a move to the city. As a result, it still has a lively centre with much retail. In 2019, it became part of the municipality of Het Hogeland.<ref name="plaats"/>

Gallery

• Zoutkamp - Vissersstraat.jpg

  Old fishing houses

• 20141011 Reitdiepskade 2 Zoutkamp Gn NL.jpg

  Ice cream parlor

• Alde Tsjerke (eardere herfoarme tsjerke), Sâltkamp.jpg

  The old church

• 20141011 Leugenbank Zoutkamp Gn NL.jpg

  The liars' bench. The sign reads "A lie here, a lie there. Don't say anything; it's all true."

See also

• ZK 14 – Sailing ship from Zoutkamp, bought by German bard and writer Martin Luserke in 1934
• Hunze

References

<references />

External links

• Infosite about Zoutkamp (in Dutch language)
• Infosite about Zoutkamp harbour (in Dutch language)
• Webcam Zoutkamp harbour
• Infosite about historic fishery in Zoutkamp (in Dutch language)