Editing 0-4-0 (section)

{{short description|Locomotive wheel arrangement}}
{{Infobox steam wheel arrangement
| name             = 0-4-0
| image            = WheelArrangement 0-4-0.svg
| alt              = Diagram of two wheels, coupled together with a coupling rod
| caption          = 
| image2           = Trevithick's Coalbrookdale locomotive, 1803 (British Railway Locomotives 1803-1853).jpg
| alt2             = 
| caption2         = [[Richard Trevithick]]'s ''Coalbrookedale''
<!--Equivalent classifications-->
| hatnote          = 
| UIC/Germany/Italy= B
| French/Spanish   = 020
| Turkish          = 22
| Swiss            = 2/2
| Russian          = 0-2-0
<!--First tank engine version-->
| date             = c. 1850
| country          = United Kingdom
| locomotive       = 
| railway          = [[Caledonian Railway]]
| designer         = [[Robert Sinclair (locomotive engineer)|Robert Sinclair]]
| builder          = 
| evolvedfrom      = 
| evolvedto        = 
| mainbenefit      = Total engine mass as adhesive weight
| maindrawback     = Instability at speed
<!--First tender engine version-->
| date2            = c. 1802
| country2         = United Kingdom
| locomotive2      = ''Coalbrookedale''
| railway2         = 
| designer2        = [[Richard Trevithick]]
| builder2         = Richard Trevithick
| evolvedfrom2     = 
| evolvedto2       = 
| mainbenefit2     = 
| maindrawback2    = 
<!--First "True type" version-->
| date3            = 
| country3         = 
| locomotive3      = 
| railway3         = 
| designer3        = 
| builder3         = 
| evolvedfrom3     = 
| evolvedto3       = 
| mainbenefit3     = 
| maindrawback3    = 
}}

Under the [[Whyte notation]] for the classification of [[steam locomotive]]s, '''{{nowrap|0-4-0}}''' represents one of the simplest possible types, that with two axles and four coupled wheels, all of which are driven. The wheels on the earliest four-coupled locomotives were connected by a single [[gear wheel]], but from 1825 the wheels were usually connected with [[coupling rod]]s to form a single driven set.

The notation '''0-4-0T''' indicates a [[tank locomotive]] of this wheel arrangement on which its water and fuel is carried on board the engine itself, rather than in an attached [[tender (rail)|tender]].

In Britain, the Whyte notation of wheel arrangement was also often used for the classification of electric and diesel-electric locomotives with side-rod-coupled driving wheels.<ref>[[Whyte notation#Internal combustion locomotives|Whyte notation]]</ref>

Under the [[UIC classification]] used in Europe and, in more recent years, in simplified form in the United States, a 0-4-0 is classified as '''B''' (German and Italian) if the axles are connected by side rods or gearing and 020 (French), independent of axle motoring. The UIC's '''Bo''' classification for electric and diesel-electric locomotives indicates that the axles are independently motored, which would be {{nowrap|0-2-2-0}} under the Whyte notation.
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