Editing 14 Irene (section)

{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet   = yes
| background    = #D6D6D6
| image         = 14Irene (Lightcurve Inversion).png
| image_scale    =
| caption       = A three dimensional model of 14 Irene from [[light curve]] inversion
| name          = 14 Irene
| symbol        = [[File:Irene symbol (bold).svg|24px|Astronomical symbol of 14 Irene]] (historical)
| discoverer    = [[John Russell Hind]]
| discovered    = May 19, 1851
| mpc_name      = (14) Irene
| alt_names     = A906 QC;<br/>A913 EA;<br/>1952 TM
| pronounced    = {{IPAc-en|aɪ|ˈ|r|iː|n|iː}}<ref>Noah Webster (1884) ''A Practical Dictionary of the English Language''</ref>
| adjective     = Irenean {{IPAc-en|aɪ|r|ᵻ|ˈ|n|iː|ə|n}} (< ''Irenæan'')
| named_after   = [[Eirene (Greek goddess)|Irēnē]]
| mp_category   = [[Main belt]]
| orbit_ref     = <ref name=jpldata>{{cite web
 | type=2008-04-14 last obs
 | title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 14 Irene
 | url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=14
 | accessdate=2008-11-27}}</ref>
| epoch=July 14, 2004 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2453200.5)
| semimajor     = {{cvt|386.730|Gm|AU|3|lk=on}}
| perihelion    = {{cvt|321.602|Gm|AU|3}}
| aphelion      = {{cvt|451.858|Gm|AU|3}}
| eccentricity  = 0.168
| period        = {{cvt|1518.176|days|years|2}}
| inclination   = 9.106°
| arg_peri      = 96.473°
| asc_node      = 86.493°
| mean_anomaly  = 326.489°
| dimensions    = {{nowrap|(167 × 153 × 139) ± 16 km}}<ref name=Baer2011/>
| mean_diameter = 152 km ([[Occultation#Occultations by asteroids|Dunham]])<ref name=jpldata/><br>155 ± 6 km<ref name="FiengaEtAl2020"/>
| mass          = {{val|6.94|1.63|e=18|u=kg}}{{refn|group=lower-alpha|(3.49 ± 0.82) × 10<sup>−12</sup> {{Solar mass}}}}<ref name="Baer2011">{{cite journal
 | first1=James | last1=Baer | first2=Steven | last2=Chesley | first3=Robert | last3=Matson
 | title=Astrometric masses of 26 asteroids and observations on asteroid porosity
 | journal=The Astronomical Journal
 | volume=141 | issue=5 | date=2011
 | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/143 | bibcode=2011AJ....141..143B | doi-access=free }}</ref><br>{{nwr|(5.097 ± 0.772/0.941){{e|18}} kg<ref name="FiengaEtAl2020">{{Cite journal 
  |last=Fienga |first=A.
  |last2=Avdellidou |first2=C.
  |last3=Hanuš |first3=J.
  |date=February 2020
  |title=Asteroid masses obtained with INPOP planetary ephemerides
  |url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/492/1/589/5658701
  |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
  |volume=492
  |issue=1
  |doi=10.1093/mnras/stz3407
  |doi-access=free}}</ref>}}
| density       = {{val|3.73|1.47|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="Baer2011"/><br>2.614 ± 0.396/0.483 g/cm{{sup|3}}<ref name="FiengaEtAl2020"/>
| rotation      = {{cvt|0.6275|days|hours}}<ref name=jpldata/><ref>{{cite web
 | url=http://www.psi.edu/pds/archive/lc.html
 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20060614093519/http://www.psi.edu/pds/archive/lc.html
 | url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-06-14
 | title=Asteroid Lightcurve Parameters
 | accessdate= 2008-11-03 | publisher=Planetary Science Institute }}</ref>
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name=jpldata/>
| magnitude     = 8.85<ref name=AstDys-Irene>{{cite web
 | title=AstDys (14) Irene Ephemerides
 | publisher=Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy
 | url=https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.1&n=14&oc=500&y0=2088&m0=4&d0=1&h0=0&mi0=0&y1=2088&m1=4&d1=2&h1=0&mi1=0&ti=1.0&tiu=days 
 | accessdate=2010-06-26 }}</ref> to 12.30
| abs_magnitude = 6.<ref name=jpldata/>
| albedo        = 0.159<ref name=jpldata/>
| angular_size  = {{val|0.17|ul=arcsecond}} <!-- Horizons 2009-Apr-19 --> to 0.052"
}}

'''14 Irene''' ({{IPAc-en|aɪ|ˈ|r|iː|n|iː}}) is a large [[main-belt]] [[asteroid]], discovered by the English astronomer [[John Russell Hind]] on May 19, 1851. It is orbiting the [[Sun]] at a distance of {{val|2.585|ul=AU}} with a [[orbital period|period]] of {{convert|1518.176|days|years|2|disp=out}} and an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.168. The [[orbital plane]] is tilted at an angle of 9.1° to the [[plane of the ecliptic]].<ref name=jpldata/>

14 Irene was named after ''[[Eirene (Greek goddess)|Irēnē]]'', a personification of [[peace]] in [[Greek mythology]]. She was one of the [[Horae]], daughter of [[Zeus]] and [[Themis]]. The name was suggested by Sir [[John Herschel]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Schmadel|first=Lutz D.|title=Dictionary of minor planet names|volume=1|edition=5th |date=2003|publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]]|location=Berlin Heidelberg New York|isbn=3-540-00238-3|pages=16}}</ref> Hind wrote,
:"You will readily discover that this name [...] has some relation to this event (the [[Great Exhibition|Great Industrial Exhibition]]) which is now filling our metropolis [London] with the talent of all civilised nations, with those of Peace, the productions of Art and Science, in which all mankind must feel an interest."
The ''Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations'' in [[the Crystal Palace]] of [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]], [[London]], ran from May 1 until October 18, 1851.

Hind suggested that the symbol for the asteroid should be "A dove carrying an olive-branch, with a star on its head",<ref>{{cite journal | last=Hind | first=John Russell | date=1852 | title=From a Letter of Mr. Hind to the Editor | journal=Astronomical Journal | volume=2 | pages=22–23 | doi=10.1086/100162 | bibcode = 1851AJ......2...22H | doi-access=free }}</ref> but it was hardly drawn before the use of graphical symbols to represent asteroids was dropped entirely.<ref>[http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php When did the asteroids become minor planets?<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921162818/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php |date=2007-09-21 }}</ref> It is in the pipeline for [[Unicode]] 17.0 as U+1CEC7 𜻇 ([[File:Irene symbol (fixed width).svg|12px]]).<ref name=astunicode>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23207-historical-asteroids.pdf |title=Unicode request for historical asteroid symbols |last1=Bala |first1=Gavin Jared |last2=Miller |first2=Kirk |date=18 September 2023 |website=unicode.org |publisher=Unicode |access-date=26 September 2023 |quote=}}</ref><ref name=pipeline>{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html |title=Proposed New Characters: The Pipeline |author=Unicode |date= |website=unicode.org |publisher=The Unicode Consortium |access-date=6 November 2023 |quote=}}</ref>

Observations from 2007 indicate that the rotation pole of 14 Irene lies close to the [[plane of the ecliptic]], indicating it has an [[obliquity]] close to 90°.<ref name=Pilcher2009>{{cite journal
 | title=New Lightcurves of 8 Flora, 13 Egeria, 14 Irene, 25 Phocaea 40 Harmonia, 74 Galatea, and 122 Gerda
 | last=Pilcher | first=Frederick
 | journal=Bulletin of the Minor Planets Section of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers
 | volume=36 | issue=4 | pages=133–136
 | date=October 2009 | bibcode=2009MPBu...36..133P }}</ref> The fairly flat Irenian [[lightcurve]]s indicate somewhat spherical proportions.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} This is a stony [[S-type asteroid]] with a [[mean diameter]] of around 152&nbsp;km.<ref name=Baer2011/><ref name=jpldata/>  It is spinning with a [[rotation period]] of 15&nbsp;hours.<ref name=Pilcher2009/>

There have been seven reported [[star|stellar]] [[occultation]] events by Irene. The best is a three [[Chord (astronomy)|chord]] event observed in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web
 | url=https://sbn.psi.edu/pds/resource/occ.html
 | title=Asteroid Data Sets
 | website=sbn.psi.edu | access-date=2018-05-19 }}</ref>